The Development Status of Folk Culture

The Analysis Report on the Development Process and Investment Strategy of China Folk Culture Industry in 20 13-20 17 shows that although China has taken a series of measures to protect folk culture, it still focuses on the establishment of the national intangible cultural protection system and the field investigation initiated by academic circles, but the research on the industrialization development and transformation mechanism of folk culture in the overall cultural industry structure is obviously insufficient. Old artists have withered, old workshops have been crushed, old crafts have been lost and adulterated, and even the surviving classic folk culture and art such as New Year pictures, shadow play and paper-cutting have been declining.

Most of the cultural industries developed in China are aimed at natural historical and cultural heritage, media culture and fashion culture, and the folk culture with local society as the main position has not attracted enough attention. In sharp contrast, the folk culture industry has risen all over the country, which has already surpassed the traditional performance production and marketing model and the simple framework of "literature and art set the stage, economic and trade singing opera", initially showing a certain scale development and conscious pursuit.

Because the overall strategy is not clear enough, the industrial layout is chaotic, and the industrial creativity is weak and scattered, the industrialization and sustainable development of folk culture in China have encountered bottlenecks.

Manchu, the main folk custom, is influenced by Chinese culture, and its festivals are similar to those of the Han nationality, and it attaches importance to the Lunar New Year. On the fifteenth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival is celebrated, and on the 25th day of the first month, the "Tim Cang Festival" is prayed for the coming year. The dragon is locked on the second day of the second lunar month, and there is also the "Insect King Festival" on May 5, and the Mid-Autumn Festival on June 6 and August 15. Tim Cang Festival, on the 25th day of the first month of each year, every household in Manchu rural areas pays attention to cooking sticky sorghum rice and putting it in the warehouse with straw stalks.

Weave a pony and put it in the rice bowl, which means that the horse will go home with food and plenty of food. Add new rice on the first day and add it three times in a row. Some people also use sorghum stalks to make two hoes and put them in their rice. This festival has been preserved in the northeastern countryside to this day; Insect king's day, that day in June, is prone to insect disasters. Manchu people who used to live in Xiuyan and Fengcheng, Liaoning, went to worship at the Insect King Temple on the sixth day of June, killing pigs and offering sacrifices to avoid disasters and ensure a bumper harvest. At present, there is no activity of the king of insects offering sacrifices to sweep, but every household should dry clothes on this day to prevent insects from eating. The traditional festivals of Miao nationality include Miao Year, April 8th, Dragon Boat Festival, Eating Year Festival and Autumn Festival. Among them, the year of Miao is the most grand. Miao year is equivalent to the Spring Festival of Han nationality, which is usually held after autumn. On the morning of the festival, people put the prepared delicious food on the stove near the fire pit to worship their ancestors, and put wine on the noses of cows to show their gratitude for their hard work for a year. Dressed young men and women are dancing in the hall.

Hmong

Miao Year is a traditional festival for Miao people in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province and Rongshui Miao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to celebrate the bumper harvest and pray for good weather in the coming year. Generally, after the harvest season, some are held on the tenth day of October in the lunar calendar, and some are held on the ninth day, tenth day, ninth day of November, rabbit day or ugly day in the lunar calendar. It is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han nationality.

On the morning of the festival, the younger generation will prepare delicious food and put it on the stove beside the fireplace to worship their ancestors. Put some wine on the nose of the cow as a reward for a year's hard work. The girls are dressed in batik underwear or long and short pleated skirts with bright colors and different styles, and wearing eye-catching earrings, cymbals and other silver ornaments, dancing with handsome boys (men play lusheng, women dance in an arc). At night, the sound of big bronze drums spread throughout the village. Young men from other villages came to the "oil mill" near the village with lanterns (also called "sitting elder sister", "sitting in the village" and "stepping on the moon", that is, the social love activities of young men and women), and the village sang constantly. Through the duet, the men and women who love each other will be connected by the brocade ribbon embroidered with Yuanyang, the thing of love.

If the year of Miao meets the year of "eating drums and hiding", it will be a more solemn expression of "big family" "Drum Tibetan" is a ancestral worship ceremony held by family members, which is held every few years, ranging from 78 years to 10 years. Before the "drum-hiding", the "drum-hiding" cows (the big cows who have been feeding the drum-hiding gods for three years) lined up to fight. At that time, the "drum hidden head" recommended by everyone will preside over the ceremony, killing cattle to worship ancestors and killing chickens and ducks. All relatives of the drum will come to participate, and the activity will last for more than ten days.

Eating New Year's Day

Also called "Xinhe Festival". "Eating New" is one of the Miao festivals living in the middle and upper reaches of Qingshui River and Duliujiang River. There is no uniform date. According to the custom, in the harvest season, find a field where rice grows best, and everyone will celebrate the "Eating New Festival" here.

According to legend, in ancient times, there was no millet in the world, only the millet in charge of the heaven (Leigong) was state-owned, so people had to hunt for a living. In order to get millet seeds, Miao ancestors told Lao to take 9999 kinds of rare birds and animals to Suguo to get nine bowls of millet seeds with nine buckets and nine liters, and put them in the warehouse for sowing in the next spring. But one night, Ah Wu had a long arm, grabbed the horizon with his hand, stepped on a stone by the light of the sky lamp, and accidentally knocked it over, just falling to the top of the wooden barn. As a result, a fire broke out, and the fire was getting bigger and bigger. The seed cried in the warehouse, and finally flew into the sky in the smoke and ran home. Gao Lao went to Gao Hu and asked him to persuade Gu Zhong to go back, but Gao Hu insisted that Gu Zhong didn't go to heaven. No way, Gao Lao discussed with Gao Hu to exchange 9999 kinds of rare birds and animals for food seeds. His mouth was worn out with nine layers of skin, and his voice said that he had dried nine jars of water, but he refused. After nine days' hard thinking, I finally came up with a plan: when Xiaomi is ripe, send a dog to roll around in the rice field, so that Xiaomi can be brought back to Mao Mao. On the morning of July 13th in the ancient Chinese calendar, the dog was going to set out, and he was told to bring seeds with stalks five feet high and ears five feet long. But because the dog was in a hurry, when he got to the south gate, he accidentally tripped and wrote a confession. As a result, I ran to a rice field only five inches long and soon rolled back. The defendant Hu Hu saw through the plan. When the dog reached the overpass, HuHu sent ninety-nine strong warriors to guard the bridge. They crashed the dog into the Tianhe River. They thought that the Tianhe River was wide and deep, and the dog had to die. However, they never expected that after the dog fell into the Tianhe River, it quickly held its tail high on the water and swam across the Tianhe River with great efforts. When it came back, it still had nine grains on its tail. I told the old man that I had a seed, so I plowed the field and took it out. On June 6th in the ancient calendar, a string of ears of grain like a dog's tail were pulled out from the seedling tips, and a month later, the ears of grain in Jin Shanshan were ripe. July 13 in the ancient calendar is a day to plant food for one year. On this day, I picked nine liters of millet and cooked a large pot of delicious white rice. He first scooped three bowls for the dog to eat, and then tasted them himself. The remaining seeds are sown every year to make people eat white rice. In order to remember the date of picking grain seeds, July 13 was designated as a new festival and passed down from generation to generation.

On the festival day, every family will cook in the new valley. At dawn, people bring new rice, wine, chickens, ducks, fish and meat to the fields. After the ancestors were sacrificed, the banquet began. Everyone forms a circle, and everyone raises the glass to the next person's mouth. At the old man's command, everyone cheered three times in succession, and then drank a toast to each other. Suddenly, laughter echoed in the fields, and traditional cultural and sports activities such as singing, stepping on the pond and dancing the lusheng began and continued until dusk.

April 8(th)

The eighth day of the fourth lunar month is a traditional festival for Miao people near Guiyang, Guizhou Province to commemorate the ancient hero "Yanu". According to legend, a long time ago, the Miao people in Ge Sang (now near Guiyang) lived a happy, satisfied and carefree life. The resourceful leader "Yanu" led the people to fight bravely and dealt a heavy blow to the invaders in order to resist the attack of the rulers' officers and soldiers, but he died unfortunately on the eighth day of April and was buried in "Jiajiawei" (now near Guiyang fountain). To commemorate the heroic spirit of the Yanu people, so far, on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, Miao people dressed in festive costumes have gathered in front of the fountain in Guiyang from all directions.

At that time, the red flag fluttered by the fountain and the crowd flocked. Blowing sheng plays the flute, sings, plays lions, plays dragon lanterns, plays ball games and competitions. The Lusheng competition for boys is interesting. While playing the lusheng, they do techniques such as fast rotation, small steps and handstand. At night, Guiyang city and fountain area are brightly lit, just like daytime, singing and dancing everywhere, which is a happy scene.

The activity on April 8 is also very popular among Miao people in Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou.

Zhou Xi Lusheng Festival

Miao people living in Zhou Xi, Kaili. Lusheng Festival is from the 16th to 20th day of the first lunar month. Lushengtang is located on the river sand dam near Zhouxi well. In the early morning of the 16th day of the first month, several old people who presided over Lusheng Hall came to Jingkan with Lusheng, and read an inscription saying, "Picking the Moon in blowing sheng is an entertainment activity spread by Miao people for thousands of years. On the first day of the first month, all localities followed suit and celebrated the New Year with entertainment, which was the free wedding ceremony of the Miao people ... "After reading it, I poured out the rice wine in the gourd, sprayed a few mouthfuls of wine on the stele and in the middle of Lusheng Hall, and everyone took another sip and blew the first" Luzhu Qu "; At this time, girls and boys wearing silver jewelry and colorful holiday costumes danced with sweet tunes. Boys ask for ribbons from the right people, and girls tie ribbons on the reeds of the right boys. Three days passed, and the young man and woman found their partners. At this time, the old man who presided over Lushengtang still carried rice wine and sprayed rice wine on the stone tablet and Lushengtang. Put a straw sign in the middle of the hall. Since then, the Lusheng has been hung high until the grain is returned to the warehouse, and the "Miao Year" of the lunar calendar can be taken down and the Lusheng Festival can be played directly. On the fourth day, spring came, and young couples chatted and sang freely, blended their feelings and gave each other tokens.

Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival is from May 24th to 27th of the lunar calendar every year. At this time, thousands of people gathered in costumes by the river to participate in the sacrificial activities before the dragon boat set off. At the beginning of the competition, dozens of dragon boats broke through the waves, gongs and drums on both sides of the strait roared, salutes rang, and the audience shouted earth-shattering. On the shore, there are activities such as singing and dancing Lusheng. In the evening, young men and women get together to sing and pour out their true feelings.

Fishing festival

Fishing Festival is a Miao festival on both sides of Tumu and Nanming River in central Guizhou. Du Mu originated in Wuyunshan, flowed northward into Nanming River in Guizhou, joined at the junction of Yuri and Fulai, and then flowed northward into Wujiang River. This festival was originally a rain festival where Miao people prayed for rain by the river when they needed water for sowing and transplanting, but it gradually evolved into a fishing festival after a long time.

The festival period varies from place to place. From March to June, it is decided by the prestigious "fishermen" who are good at fishing in each village. At that time, young and strong men will go to the mountains to collect leaves "medicine" and fish in the river, while women will prepare bacon, sausages, glutinous rice and wine at home. At noon, the whole family, old and young, dressed in costumes, took wine and meat to the river for dinner. After eating, the man blew the lusheng. The women sang folk songs and had a good time. When the sun goes down, I will take fresh fish home, hold a party for my relatives and friends or give them fish as gifts.

Letter eating festival

The letter-eating Festival is a festival for Miao people in Baozhai, Hejiang County, Guizhou Province. It lasts for four days, and the time is on the "letter" (e) day in June of the lunar calendar (calculated by calendar year). At that time, Miao girls who have married far away will try their best to dress up, put on flowered skirts and silver ornaments, and "carry" holiday gifts to visit their parents and villagers. During the festival, the whole village was jubilant, drums and music were ringing, reeds were dancing and everywhere was filled with festive joy. At the foot of Baijiya Mountain, on the banks of Wengya River, people are buzzing. Cheers come and go in the bullfighting, sparrows, lusheng, tug-of-war and ball games. Young men and women who love each other are invited to the Woods to sing folk songs by the stream and pour out their love to each other.

Huashan Festival

Huashan Festival, also known as "stepping on Huashan", "beating Huashan" or. "Treading on the Mountain", also known as "jumping over the fields" or "peach blossom", is a grand festival for Miao people in western and central Guizhou Province, southeastern Yunnan Province and southern Sichuan Province. The dates are different, some are in the first month of the lunar calendar, and some are in late May, June and August. Before the festival, several Miao villages jointly formed a three-person leading group of Huashan Club, and the flower field was re-elected for three years, seven years and twelve years, from a flat land with abundant geomantic omen.

At that time, put on the "flower field" in festive costumes, hang lanterns high and fly colorful flags. The style stands tall. Men wearing double-breasted jackets and long blue cloth on their heads and women dressed in festive costumes gathered from all directions to play lusheng, whistle, knock on bronze drums, sing and dance. Lusheng dance runs through the flower show from beginning to end, and the song contest is the highlight of the flower show, while the pole climbing competition is the most eye-catching lion dance, martial arts competition, bullfighting and horse racing. Lusheng dance gives people a relaxed and lively feeling. The girls in bright clothes danced to the melody of the young man Lusheng. Some men dance in line while blowing. Girls dance in circles around the Lusheng team. Have a plenty of young men in front of blowing sheng, girls holding hands behind the vertical dance, or hundreds of people dancing to the music, crowing, refreshing. Lion dancing is very interesting. A pig's head (or a chicken) and two bottles of wine are hanging on the top of the standing flower pole. After the lion dance, the competition climbs the flower cup. The flower cup is made of peeled pine trees, tall, smooth and thin. Winning the prize is very difficult, and people often use ladders to get the winning products. The flower pole climbing performance has the most national characteristics. The performer danced around the pole while blowing sheng. A harrier turns over on the pole, head down, legs crossed tightly around the pole upside down, and plays the lusheng. A carp stands upright, and its body turns over 180 degrees, and climbs to the top of the pole repeatedly for a pose. The performer hung upside down with his feet on the flower pole. Blowing the lusheng down, a few feet from the ground, a somersault, light and comfortable, better than the gymnast's skills, won applause from the audience. The performance of women's hemp rope competition is very interesting. The quality and speed of rubbing hemp rope and threading needles are discussed.

The crystallization of hard work and wisdom brought them the joy of the festival. Huashan Mountain will be an opportunity for young men and women to socialize. The girls they love will gather together with the umbrellas opened by young men, snuggle up to each other and pour out their hearts. Huashan will be filled with the atmosphere of programs everywhere, full of sincere friendship and pure love.

Mars cutting festival

Traditional Miao festivals. It is popular in Guanling area of Guizhou. The content of the festival is mainly to stipulate village rules and regulations. According to different surnames, the time of festivals is different. About July, August, September 27th. Once a year, according to the clan households take turns to be on duty, and the duty year is responsible for convening everyone to discuss the rural rules and regulations and related major events. Then the family members on duty should prepare wine to kill chickens, invite everyone to drink "wine that suits their heart" and propose a toast for the next duty year. On the other hand, it's the turn of the year, where to have a meeting and have a heart-to-heart drink.

Hakka year

The Hakka year of Miao nationality is Spring Festival. On Lunar New Year's Eve, the whole family gets together and no outsiders are allowed to disturb them. They set off firecrackers with the door half closed to show that no one can enter at this time. Continue to set off firecrackers in the early morning of the first day to worship the ancestors to eliminate disasters. People stop cattle and sheep with their hands, saying, "Drive cattle and sheep ..." to show the prosperity of six animals, and then eat New Year's Eve. On the second day of the following year, Miao family members dressed in costumes went from one village to another to celebrate the festival. The hospitable host will toast the guests three times. Every family is full of festive joy. Young men and women gathered on the lawn next to the village, playing Lusheng and Qin Yue, singing and dancing. In some places, activities such as "stepping on the mountain of flowers" and "merging cattle" will be held.

Suspension bridge section

The traditional festival of Zhaitou, Miao Township, Sansui County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, is also called "February 2". According to legend, Zhaitou people originally lived in Wu Ye. Because the land in Zhaitou is fertile, all Zhaitou people moved into Zhaitou together. On the day of moving, the dragon will follow, but the Shiping River blocked the dragon's way, so the ancient Luo (the elder) in the village discussed it and decided to build a bridge to take the dragon away, because the dragon symbolizes auspiciousness and happiness. Twelve houses in the village have to be connected, so this bridge has twelve piers. After the bridge was repaired, it was named "Solitaire Bridge". This bridge was built on the second day of the second lunar month. To commemorate this day, the Miao family in Zhaitou carries a pig in each of the twelve rooms every year and slaughters it on the bridge.

Ningbo folk culture

Rice cake making

Cicheng rice cakes have a long history and are auspicious. It has always been the first place to eat in Ningbo.

Bone and wood inlay

It began in Sui and Tang Dynasties and flourished in the middle of Qing Dynasty. It is a decorative form that combines folk crafts with furniture and architecture, and has strong practical value.

Tiger-head shoes

It is a kind of children's shoes, which has the function of exorcism and has a history of thousands of years.

Lantern carving

It is a unique local folk dance minor, which is sung when performing lantern dance. This piece of music is cheerful, lively, dynamic and imposing, and it is widely circulated between urban and rural areas in Ningbo.

Pu Chuan drum

The Laipu drum began at 18 10, which was created by local fishermen and fishermen who moved here from other places. It has distinctive folk characteristics of fishermen in eastern Zhejiang and is deeply loved by people.