Liberation Daily: traditional poetry in the end where the beauty of

After thousands of years, those masterpieces handed down to the present, full of poets rich in thought, emotion and deep cultivation, sentiment, these are the treasures of our Chinese culture. We have such a long cultural history in China, there are so many great poets and wordsmiths, we do not just have to memorize, "into the ear, out of the mouth", we have to put the spirit of poetry, feelings, ideas, character and we are one, which is the real purpose of our study of poetry.

Composing poems must be

"The emotion is moved in the middle of the words"

Classical Chinese poetry is characterized by its ability to give people the power of direct emotion. When it comes to composing poems, one must be "moved by emotion and shaped by words", that is, one is moved by the sights and sounds of the outside world, and then expresses them in poetry.

Xin Qiji has two lines: "A pine and a bamboo are true friends, and mountain birds and flowers are good brothers." It means that every pine tree and every bamboo is my friend, and every bird and flower on the mountain is my brother. One must have this kind of love and care for all things in the universe.

To the North and South Dynasties, Zhong Rong's "Preface to Poetry" said, "The animals of the gas, the things of the touching, so shaking the temperament, shaped into dance and singing." He believed that the operation of the two qi between heaven and earth moved everything, the growth and change of everything moved the human heart, causing human temperament, and the best way to express this moving and shaking is poetry.

The Preface to Poetry also says: "The Jia Hui sends poems to relatives, and the Liqun entrusts poems to complaints. As for the Chu ministers going to the realm, the Han concubines resigning from the palace. The first is that the Chinese people are not in a position to be able to see the world, but they are in a position to be able to see the world. Or they take the spear and go to the garrison, and the killing spirit is strong on the border. The clothes of a guest in a foreign country are single, and the tears of a widow's chamber are exhausted. Or a man may leave the court and forget to return. The women have to raise their moths into their favor, and then look forward to the country again. All of these things stir the soul. How can a poem show its meaning if it is not a poem? How can I show my feelings if not in a long song?" It can be seen that Zhong Rong recognized the essence of poetry is the heart of things under the sensation of the product from the nature of feelings.

What moves people's hearts, in addition to the external, natural scenery, the world of life and death is even more moving. For example, Du Fu's poem written during the years of Tianbao's chaos: "Vermilion door stinks of wine and meat, and there are frozen dead bones along the road." When you see people starving and freezing to death along the road, wouldn't you care? Therefore, the real motive and rise of composing poems can make people have a care for everything in the universe and society.

The chanting of poetry

is unique to the Chinese nation

Poetry is a beautiful text, which includes several aspects such as form, sound, and meaning, so the sound of poetry is very important.

One of the characteristics of our Chinese language is that it has four sounds -ping, 上, 去, and 入. Except for China, no matter it is English, French, Japanese or Korean, they do not have the four tones. When we say "flower", a single character has one sound and is monosyllabic. When we say "flower" in English, it is a complex syllable. This kind of monosyllabic monotony is a characteristic of our Chinese language.

So poetry has a structure and a unique tone. And this structure and tone of level and oblique is not something that the ancients made up and assigned to us, but something that came naturally. Most of the poems in the Book of Songs are four-word sentences, why? It's because in our monotone language, four words in a sentence can express rhythm. One word has no rhythm, two words have no rhythm, three words are monotonous, and four words have a tone and rhythm of oblique and flat.

The first poem in the Book of Songs is: "Guan Guan Ju, in the river's continent, the fair lady, the gentleman's good marbles. Nymphoides peltatum, flowing left and right, My fair lady, awake and seeking." It's two words and a pause before it has a rhythm, and that rhythm is the basic rhythm of our Chinese language. Therefore, no matter whether it is a pentameter or a heptameter poem, in principle, it is two words and one pause, such as "The country is broken, the mountains and rivers are there", which is a pause of two, two, one. For example, "The country is in ruins" is a two-two-one pause, while "It is difficult to part when meeting each other" is a two-two-three pause. This kind of pause is the most basic rhythm of the poem.

The traditional Chinese poetry chanting is a kind of tone formed through an inevitable and natural evolutionary process by combining the language and writing characteristics of the Chinese nation. Although it may sound strange or even monotonous nowadays, it is unique to the Chinese nation. Therefore, I believe that traditional Chinese chanting is very important.

In "Spring Night with Joyful Rain"

there is a kind of benevolence

We all use Mandarin now, and there are no more incipient characters. But in ancient times, Li Bai and Du Fu, they wrote their poems according to the level of characters that have incipient sounds.

Du Fu had a poem called "Spring Night Joyful Rain", which was about a spring night when it rained and the poet was very happy to see it. In ancient China, which was an agricultural society, when spring rain sprinkled down, everything was nourished and plowing and planting could begin, which is a very important season in our year.

If it doesn't rain in the spring and there is drought, there is going to be a drought. That's why Du Fu said, "Good rain knows the time of the year," which means that the rain falls at the right time of the year. The character "节" is an incipient sound.

"When spring comes," it rains in the spring when everything needs to be moisturized. The word "发生" means rain, and the word "发" is also an initial consonant.

"With the wind into the night, moist and silent", that moist rain, not stormy, it is not noisy, noisy, moistens the life of all things. Like a person, you do a lot of good and beautiful things, do not need to proclaim, do not need to clamor, but in the subtle and silent to complete.

Next, the word "black" is used in the phrase "the path is dark". The night is darker when it rains in the woods on that desolate field path.

"The wild paths and forests are all dark, but the riverboat is all lit up." But the lights on the river boats were still on, and the fishermen were still laboring there with their lights on. Du Fu, the poet, is great because he is a poet who cares most about his country and his people. A poet has heaven and earth as his heart, and there is a kind of benevolence in Du Fu's poems.

"Dawn looks at the red wet place", tomorrow dawn breaks, you take a look at the bright red color with wetness, it turns out to be the peony blossom, it is the spring blossom. "The reason why Chengdu is said to be a "brocade city" is that the river there is said to be so beautiful that it seems to be woven into brocade.

In this poem, you not only feel the spring rain, but also understand Du Fu's care for the people.

And the syllables of this poem, you have to pay attention to, that is, the incoming sound characters have to be read correctly in order to sound good, otherwise it will not sound good. That's why the poem has a level and a tone, and you have to chant it to make it sound good.

Read the words and memorize the poem,

To understand the deep connotation it hides

Let's enjoy another word, which is rumored to be the work of Li Bai, but this one can't be examined, and it's called "Yi-Qin'e" in the tune of the word.

"The sound of the piping throat, the Qin E dream broken Qin Lou Yue. The moon in the Qin Lou, the color of the willow every year, Ba Ling hurts to say goodbye, Le You Yuan on the clear autumn festival. The sound and dust of the old road to Xianyang is gone. The sound and dust of the ancient road to Xianyang is extinct, and the western wind is still shining on the Han family's mausoleum." Regardless of whether or not this lyric was written by Li Bai, it's a very good one.

When you read words, when you memorize poems, you should not just look at the words, but you should understand the deep connotation it hides.

This lyric was written at a time when the Tang Dynasty was going from strength to strength. The Rebellion of Tianbao was a major turning point in the Tang Dynasty. Before the Rebellion of Tianbao, it was the reign of Kaiyuan, the reign of Zhengan, the heyday of the Tang Dynasty; but after the war of Tianbao, after the fall of Chang'an, the Tang Dynasty went downhill.

The author of this lyric must have harbored deep sorrow. Let's look at it first, "The sound of the xiao is swallowed, Qin'e's dream is broken by the moon of Qinlou". Why Qin E and Qin Lou? There is a provenance for this. Chinese poetry is all about provenance, and every word has its origin.

Why is the beautiful girl called Qin'e? Why is the place where a beautiful girl lives called Qin Lou? It's because we have an ancient music poem from the Han Dynasty, "The sun rises in the southeast corner and shines on my Qin's building." The sun has risen from the southeast corner and shines on the upper floor of the house of a man named Qin. "Qin has a good woman who calls herself Luo Shi." Thus Qin E, the woman on Qin's building, represents a beautiful woman.

This poem seems to be an unusual description of lovesickness, but it was written at the time of Tianbao's Anshi Rebellion, and there is a deep meaning in it.

This work brings us very rich associations. "The sound of the piper's voice is sobbing, Qin'e's dream is broken by the moon of the Qin Tower", you hear the sound of the piper's voice, whimpering like crying, and the woman upstairs, whenever the moon is bright in the night, misses the man who is far away from her.

"The moon in the Qin Lou, the color of the willow every year, and the sad farewell at Ba Ling". Ba Ling is the place where the capital Chang'an sends people off, and when someone wants to travel far away, they go to Ba Ling to say goodbye. But the person who is missed in this lyric may not be referring to a lover, but to Emperor Tang Xuanzong, who fled to western Sichuan. I now stay in fallen Chang'an, and every year when the willows are green, I think of our court, our emperor. But now, our emperor is no longer here. "The Leyouyuan Qingqiu Festival".

Leyouyuan is a grassland outside Chang'an, where you can look far away, and many people have written poems about it. Du Muzhi wrote a poem, "I want to take a banner to the river and the sea, and look at Zhaoling on Leyouyuan." Li Shangyin also wrote a poem: "I am not feeling well in the evening, so I drove up to the ancient plain." He was referring to the Leyou Yuan. And what is said here is that Leyouyuan becomes more and more miserable in the bleak and cold autumn.

The man who set out from Chang'an and traveled far on the ancient road to Xianyang has never returned, "the ancient road to Xianyang sound and dust extinct." Xuanzong went to Sichuan, our king has no news, "sound and dust", the heart breaks the hope of extinction.

"The west wind is still shining, the Han family mausoleum." In the bleak and cold autumn, under the sunset, an autumn wind blew by. What is the place to which the autumn wind blows? Where does the slanting sun shine? It is "Han's Mausoleum and Que", the tomb of the Han people in Tang Dynasty, our palace. From the last two lines of the poem - "The west wind is still shining, the Han family mausoleums and queens", we can see that this is not an ordinary word describing men and women's love for each other and their grievances. In this word, there is the poet's endless sadness and infinite feelings for the country's peril and chaos.

So, reading poetry is not just a matter of "in the ear, out of the mouth", just memorize it. You have to know the time and background of the poem, and you have to read out its content and deep feelings.

Classical Chinese poetry will never die

The reason why classical Chinese poetry is so exquisite is that classical Chinese poetry emphasizes the development and movement between the heart and the object, from one to the other, from the other to the third, from the third to the infinite; it is based on the inner feeling, and "in the heart is the will, and in the speech is the poem". Du Fu said, "I know Song Yu's sorrow when I shake it off", Du Fu read Song Yu's works and felt Song Yu's sorrow. Xin Jiaxuan said, "I once knew Yuanming in my old age, and in my dream, I met Samson Yes." I met Tao Yuanming in a dream and was touched by reading his poems, and this kind of touching can go on and on. Therefore, the "inspiration and emotion" is the life of Chinese poetry, and this life will never end.

For modern people, to recite poetry is to integrate the original rhythms of the ancient poems with their own feelings when reading the poems, so that their own lives and the poets' lives are combined and the life of the poems continues. This is the beauty of chanting Chinese poetry.

About classical Chinese poetry, someone once asked me: Nowadays, no one likes ancient poems, and most people are not in favor of chanting, so will Chinese poetry die out? I thought not. Ancient Chinese people wrote poems with feelings, they wrote out their inner feelings, and when they read their poems again after thousands of years, they can still be touched by the same feelings, and this is the life of Chinese poetry. This is the life of Chinese poetry. Therefore, Chinese poetry will never perish. Because, as long as there are people with feelings, emotions, and cultivation, they will be able to read the sufficient and sincere life contained in the poems.