Why is the transaction cost of domestic trade higher than that of international trade?

In the past 30 years, the average annual growth rate of China's exports was 1.5 times of GDP growth, and the proportion of exports in GDP increased from 4.6% in 1.978 to 37.5% in 2007. Of all the economies in the world, only the top ten German exports account for 39.9% higher than that of China, while other countries are lower than China, the United States, Japan 16.3% and Britain 16.7%. For such a big country, the proportion of exports to GDP is so high that it really deserves our deep thinking. In the next round of economic growth in China, it is impossible to continue the past high-speed export trend. 100 years ago, the world population was1600 million, and the United States was about 90 million, accounting for more than 5%. At present, China accounts for nearly 20% of the global population of 6.8 billion. The population of China is as large as that of the world before 100. For many industries, it is impossible without a certain scale. For example, China Telecom can become the largest telecom company in the world, mainly because China has a large population. Zhang: Opening up the domestic market is a greater reform and opening up. If China was the biggest victim in the first globalization from 1870 to 19 13, then China was the biggest beneficiary in this globalization. Without this globalization, China's economy could not have maintained its rapid growth for 30 years, not to mention its present position. Generally speaking, both developed and developing countries have benefited from this globalization, and China is undoubtedly the country that has benefited the most. China seized this opportunity to become the largest manufacturing country. Therefore, globalization more than 100 years ago and globalization after 100 years have had diametrically opposite effects on the fate of China. Export-driven economic growth is unsustainable. For most of the past 30 years, the growth rate of China's international trade has been higher than the GDP. Generally speaking, the annual growth rate of China's real GDP is about 10%, and the annual growth rate of exports is about 15%. Nominally, in 2008, the export was 553 times that of 1978, and the GDP was 83 times that of 1978, and the former was 6.7 times that of the latter. As a result, the proportion of trade in GDP has risen sharply. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the proportion of China's exports to GDP was 4.6% in 1978, 16. 1%, 20.8% in 2000 and 37.5% in 2007. After 1990, except 1993, all the other 17 years were trade surpluses. By 2008, foreign exchange reserves reached 2 trillion US dollars. In 2007, China's trade surplus accounted for 8% of GDP. It is worth noting that the deficit in the United States accounts for 8% of its GDP. After 200 1, why did our exports grow so fast? There are many reasons, including China's entry into WTO and the improvement of China's competitiveness. However, it is undeniable that the high dependence on exports is related to the RMB exchange rate, because the RMB is seriously undervalued. For enterprises, international trade is more profitable than domestic trade Now that the export crisis has occurred, the government continues to subsidize after the crisis, and has not studied whether the export subsidy is good or not, just to protect exports. Is it worth it? It is a problem worth studying. After the crisis, China's exports were hindered. Personally, it is not a short-term crisis for one or two years, but a long-term adjustment process. Why? Generally speaking, the larger the economy, the smaller the proportion of trade in GDP (to the extreme, there is only one country in the world, and this proportion is 0). We can look at a set of data. Among the top ten economies in the world, only German exports account for a higher proportion of GDP (39.9%) than China (37.5%). As for other countries, the United States is 8.4%, Japan 16.3%, Britain 15.7%, France 210.6%, Italy 23.4%, Spain 7.4%, Canada 29.2% and Brazil 12.2%. What does this mean? One possibility is that our GDP is underestimated, and the other possibility is that our dependence on exports is really too high. China's exports account for such a high proportion of GDP, while there are so many farmers in China, which shows that there is something wrong. According to official statistics, 55% of the country's population is agricultural. In this case, the proportion of exports to GDP should not be so high, because farmers have many products that are self-sufficient. If the financial crisis is related to trade imbalance, it means that our export growth can no longer be maintained. Whether other countries implement protectionist policies or not, it is difficult for us to continue the export momentum in the past, and it is not easy to maintain the simultaneous growth of exports and GDP in the future. What should we do next? We should balance the two markets, especially develop the domestic market. This concept of developing the domestic market is not "expanding domestic demand" that everyone often hears. These two concepts are completely different. Developing the domestic market, similar to developing foreign markets in the past, really creates demand with entrepreneurial spirit and is a bigger and deeper "reform and opening up" of China's economy itself. The question is how big is the potential of this market? Developing the domestic market, similar to developing foreign markets in the past, really creates demand with entrepreneurial spirit and is a bigger and deeper "reform and opening up" of China's economy itself.