Guifeng ancient buildings

Cai's ancestral hall is located in the center of the village, facing south, with an area of 1.390 square meters and a building area of 73 1 square meter. It is a wooden building with two entrances and one roof. It is located on the top of the mountain and is the earliest base of the Chua family. The ancestral hall is backed by green hills and faces green water. Long Mai is magnificent and the hall is beautiful. Mr. Geography called it "flying phoenix holding books".

The ancestral temple was built in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. On the evening of June 22nd, the fifty-fifth year of Qing Qianlong (1790), the surrounding houses caught fire and the ancestral temple was damaged. So the next year, it was rebuilt on the old site, and the existing building was basically completed. On the central axis are purlin, patio and lower hall in turn. The main hall is a three-story building with a mixed structure of stacked beams and buckets. Thick beams and columns, upturned cornices, carved beams and painted buildings are simple and elegant. The five rooms are spacious, the bright rooms are tall and spacious, and there is a shrine at the head of the hall, which is used as a shrine for ancestors to worship in the Spring and Autumn Period. There are plaques in the hall, such as "Jiu Feng Yu Xiu", "Jinshi", "Juren", "Wen Kui", "Wu Kui" and "Five generations under one roof".

There are two round windows on both sides of the hall on the third floor, which contain Feng Dan's eyes. Go down 1 1 and the vertical belt is the patio. The ground is paved with bluestone slabs, with flower stands and bonsai on both sides. There are wings on the left and right, and 9-level Ruyi seals are set on the side corridors. The building next to it is simple and generous, and the roof is painted with various flower patterns, which are colorful and lifelike. There are two round flower windows on both sides of the hall and two doors in the middle. In front of the hall 1 1 level vertical belt is pressed down, with three front dikes and lighting walls in front. The whole building is surrounded by a stone corridor and there are five flower beds behind the house. There is a small well on the left and right sides of the flower bed ditch, and the clear spring gurgles, which is known as the "longan" of Feng Shui. From the architectural style, the ancestral temple is not luxurious, but it occupies a very important position in the minds of Cai's descendants. Cai's ancestral hall is located in the upper reaches of the bridge. It was built in the eighth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1669). Cai Maoxiang (real name Yunhe) made his debut in senior three after entering high school. According to Gui Feng's Genealogy of Chua's Family, it was in its heyday, and it was also the heyday of Chua's family. "Once, I set aside money to start a business and prepare a brilliant crown." Since then, it has become one of the most important memorial buildings of the Cai family.

Chua's Ancestral Hall is a binary wooden structure with a single eaves and a beam structure on the top of the mountain, with a direction of 270 degrees. Covering an area of 948 square meters, the building area is 6 16 square meters. On the central axis are purlin, nave and Shanmen Huabiao in turn. The five rooms are spacious, and the left and right rooms are connected with the Ming room, forming a spacious hall. The ground is paved with slate and lime concrete, which is very strong. Daxiong Hall is the main place for sacrificial activities. Because of the column drop method, that is, the combination of lifting beams and piercing buckets, there are five-claw dragon members. Four columns are planted in the hall, the width of which exceeds 10 meter. There is a shrine on the lintel, in which stands the spirit tablet of "The Qing Emperor bestowed the sixth ancestor of imperial academy, Cai Gong, on the throne". On the lintel post hangs a couplet inscribed by Cai Xin, the prime minister of Qing Qianlong and a cabinet college student. "People know the water source is wood, and the temple looks forward to worshipping the ancestors." On the forehead, there are plaques of "Zhecun Village", "Jinshi" and "Brother Juren", and on the left, there is a plaque of "Shao Xiangyu, a local magistrate college in Fujian and other places, recommended Cai Yang, a great martial artist in China, to be located in Chenwu Township, Tongzhi, Wen Kui". There is a "younger brother and younger sister" plaque on the left front and a "younger sister" plaque on the right front. Step down along the vertical belt to form a patio with flower stands on the left and right. There are wings on both sides, forming a hall structure. On the verandah of nave, there is a plaque of "Father and Son's Juren", on the lintel column, there is a couplet of "I like Yuanyuan best, respect Ding Yuan, and my family follows Mo Jun", and on the veranda, there is a couplet of "Zonggong blesses, Zude Yan Jiasheng". The nave used to be a small courtyard. There is a stone flagpole in the yard, with exotic flowers and grasses planted beside it, and the fragrance is overflowing.

The gatehouse is small and gorgeous, with the words "Chua's Ancestral Hall" and "Luzu Shuangqing" engraved on the left forehead and the words "Heshou Songling" engraved on the right forehead. On the left side of the wall eaves, there is a group painting of "Peony in the Phoenix, Yuanyang playing in the water, four happy Deng Mei, triumphant, crossing the Longmen". On the right side of the cornice, there are a series of paintings of "flowers wishing life, peace and prosperity, magpies in spring, autumn chrysanthemums in Ao Shuang, pleasant breath". The couplet in the door is "the water is blue and the home is far away, and the west hill is long under the world", the couplet on the door is "Suozu studied alone", and the next couplet is "Make Sun Mou stay frugal and thrifty". The gate is framed by stone, and there are two door statues of Weichi Gong and Qin painted on the heavy doorplate, which is very imposing. It is worth mentioning that the whole temple is made up of 80 huge Chinese fir columns and wide beams, all of which are inlaid with mortises and tenons. Compact structure and distinctive features. People who go to the Tang Dynasty have a heart of admiration. Shishi is located in the right rear of the village, with the direction of 1 13 degrees. It is named after a beautiful Shishi. This building was built by the 25th Jia of Caijia Tianfang during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. Five rooms are wide and three rooms are deep, covering an area of 590 square meters and a building area of 486 square meters. It is a wooden building with a bucket rest peak with two entrances.

Discipline structure and cultural connotation;

As soon as I entered the mountain gate, I saw a pair of stone-carved couplets that read: "Three remonstrances are above Su Huang, and Jiu Feng sent Yan Yuan from Zhuli." Recite the words "purple gas comes from the east" (Su Huang: refers to Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian; Jiu Feng: refers to Cai, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty; Zhu Li: Zhu He). The effect of the first couplet is that Cai Xiang (once a bachelor of Ruimingtang, one of the "four great masters" in the Northern Song Dynasty) is not inferior to Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian; After all, Cai (Jiu Feng, the Southern Song Legalist, the first disciple of Zhu) learned from Zhu He. It shows that the master is determined to uphold Naizu's way of life, and his position is different. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Chua family in Guifeng has inherited the teachings of the sages () and passed on the family line, so those who entered the imperial examination have a long history. The origin of this school can be traced back to Zhu and others.

The main building is a binary wood structure, with a bucket-shaped rest top and a tilted bucket arch, and the decoration is very luxurious. A wall was built around the house according to the terrain, which can protect against cold and keep warm and ensure safety. The main building (nave) is divided into three rooms, the second room and the terminal room, and the ground is rammed with concrete, which is strong and abnormal. The front wing is divided into left and right wings, the middle wing is a patio, the middle wing is paved with slate, and the patio is all paved with bluestone. Connected to the wing is the nave. Because there are many Chinese fir in the south, and Chinese fir has the characteristics of light weight, toughness and corrosion resistance, so the whole building is built with Chinese fir. The foundation of the building is all made of bluestone, with vertical treads in the middle and wishful treads on both sides. The pillars of the nave are carved with wood carvings, and there are six gulong in them. Sparrows with their heads held high replaced carved cranes, with a phoenix on the left and a unicorn on the right. The ridge purlin between the front porch and the secondary porch is arched with a rolling shed and a bucket arch in the middle. On the left side of the bucket arch, there is a combination of double Kirin, empty city plan, "Fu" and "Jubilee". There is a wood carving combination of lion and horse with the characters "Shou" and "Lu" on the right bucket arch, which is rich in local characteristics. There are three pairs of wooden reliefs on the left and right sides of the corridor dado. The right corridor dado, the left phoenix nest peony, Bo Gu chrysanthemum, and the right Bo Gu orchid. On the left is the porch dado, on the left is the phoenix nest peony, on the left is the Bo Gu narcissus, and on the right is the lotus flower. At the junction of the main room and the wing, because of the difference in terrain, in order to prevent the rain from splashing, a splash wall was put on the left and right, and a relief painting was also made on it. The main contents include scenery, flowers, ladies, floating clouds and Bo Gu patterns. The wing is a single-story building, which is two rooms wide. The two sill windows are hollow wood carvings, and the left sill window is carved with abstract wood carvings of "Fu" and "Lu", with two patterns of "Qin Qi" embedded on the top and "Calligraphy and Painting" embedded on the bottom; There are abstract woodcuts of "Shou" and "Jubilee" in the right sill window, with the pattern of "pine plum" embedded on the top and "bamboo lotus" embedded on the bottom.

Stone carving is another feature of the CuO: "Carp yue longmen", "Songhe Yannian", "Kirin Songzi", "Deer and Bamboo Celebrate Together" and "Immediately Seal the Hou" are carved on the pillars of the main hall. The most magnificent stone carving is the main entrance of the nave, with "Love My Cabin" in the middle, "Juren" on the left and "Another" on the right. Relief under Shimen: Tai Chi in the middle circle, flame in the outer circle, metaphor for the sun, double phoenix and double bat on the left and right, auspicious clouds on the side, and waves rolling below. The composition of the whole picture means "double phoenix rising in the morning". The side of the stone door frame is wishful thinking, with an armored warrior carved on the front, a stone Fang in one hand, and a unicorn pine nut, a double lion playing ball and a birthday girl on the right side. Flowers, squirrels and cologne are embossed under the doorpost. The two sides of the door are inlaid with square stone carvings, with a longevity lock in the middle, and the surrounding frames are engraved with piano, chess, calligraphy and painting and the combination relief of the eight dark immortals. The building is located behind the village, facing 170 degrees, covering an area of 594.6 square meters and a building area of 520 square meters. It is a binary wooden building. It is the childhood home of Taiwan Province compatriot Mr. Cai Longhao. Because of the steep terrain, another floor was built on the right side as a hall, so it was called "Loupingtang", and the main building has been well preserved so far.

Discipline structure and cultural connotation;

The entrance of the balcony hall is made of stone and connected with the surrounding walls. Above the gate, there are four characters: "Ji Shao Xishan" and "Zuo Shu's troops are heavy on the East Yue" (in the 13th year of Qing Shunzhi, AD 1656), and the inscription on the right side is "Huang Shaofang worships the title". Murals are painted on both sides of the gate. On the left, there are riding officials dressed in Yuan Dynasty costumes, with guards in front and canopies behind. The picture on the right shows a scholar with a full moon on the top left. In the picture, two people hold cassia twigs, which means "the moon breaks the laurel". In fact, this gate is the gate of the gatehouse. Fold into the entrance hall and put a closed door in the middle. Generally go both ways, and only open the middle door on major festivals. There is a memorial archway Qian Ku on the left and right of the gatehouse and in the corner of the wing, with the words "Hongyun" on the left and "Purple Gas" on the right. Behind the gatehouse is a patio, the ground is paved with bluestone, stamped along the vertical belt and boarded the purlin.

Purlin main body

It is a two-story building with a rest peak. The floors of the hall and corridor are all concrete and very strong. Zhou Ang and Fang at both ends of Hall 4 are all replaced by wood carvings, and the central column is carved with Gu Long Shuang Qing, plum blossom sparrow replacement, lotus support and so on. There is a shrine at the top of the main hall to establish the ancestral shrine. There are two gold-plated woodcarving plaques of double cranes on his forehead, which are lifelike. On the ridge purlin between the front porch and the bright room, there are wood carvings of Gu Long and Five Bats. The reliefs on the wooden dado on the left and right sides of the front porch include chrysanthemum gossip bottle, Bo Gu hanging chin, peony longevity bottle, guqin sword and the story of the Eight Immortals. Stone carvings are carved on the pillars, with the Dark Eight Immortals inlaid with chess, calligraphy and painting on the left and chrysanthemums, peaches and chrysanthemums on the right. There is an ancient stone well next to the left wing. The water is crystal clear and the mouth is as sweet as honey.

Tang Zheng Ming Jian

There is a splash wall on the roof at the joint with the wing, which is mainly used to prevent rainwater from splashing. Painting on the splash wall is another feature of the house. Partridges, pomegranates and orchids are embossed on the inside of the right wall; Exterior relief landscape painting, pine flowers. The composition of the picture seems to be like the door of this house. The couplet on the door reads: "Good weather, peaceful country and safe people." Inside the left wall are embossed turtledove, green lotus and autumn chrysanthemum; Exterior relief landscape architecture, etc. The back door of Shandacuo is an independent building, which was built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Covering an area of more than 3,000 square meters, the building area is 1400 square meters, facing 1 13 degrees. It is a wooden building with triple eaves and a rest at the top of the mountain. According to records, there are 1 scholar and 7 scholars in Bencuo, with strong cultural atmosphere and great influence in Guifeng Village.

Discipline structure and cultural connotation;

It is said that the back door of Shandacuo spent 13200 silver that year, and it took more than ten years to build. The whole foundation is built on the steep side of the mountain, and the stone slope is built from the bottom of the mountain stream, with a height of more than 30 meters, up to 14 floor. On the central axis of the main building, there are purlin, nave, Xiatang and wing in turn, with annex on the right and annex, study, book building, West Wild Goose Lake and Cliff Stone Carvings on the left. Surrounded by earth and stone walls. It was built by the owner imitating the structure of the official residence, with exquisite materials and fine workmanship. Purlin is a two-story building with five rooms wide. The bright room is spacious and the ground is compacted with concrete. Hundreds of years later, it is still strong and abnormal. Four columns were planted in the hall, and the octagonal granite column base was below. Because the hall is spacious, it plays the role of dispersing the stress of the main beam, which is different from other buildings and has its own characteristics. The lintel is embedded in the vermilion gate, and the building is unique. The main column of the main hall is carved with five dragons and inlaid with Five Blessingg (bat); The bottom of the moon beam is supported by dragons and phoenixes, and the middle column is carved with bats and chrysanthemums. The base of the hall column is lotus petals, and the belly of the hall is engraved with patterns such as Yuanyang playing in water, sika deer and bamboo, lotus Yuanyang and crane prolonging life. Plaques such as Ping Han Guo, Wen Kui and Wu Kui are hung on the main hall. Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, leaving only plaque seats. There are two movable screens on the front porch of the main hall, with the paintings of Bo Gu landscape and Eight Immortals crossing the sea hanging in the middle. The front porch dado is carved with wooden dragons, the upper window is a hollow flower window, and the wooden double lion balls are played under the window. Purlin and nave together deal with a splash wall, and the left wall is embossed with gourds, plantain garden fans and pine cranes; The right wall is embossed with pine crane, wintersweet and book sword, piano and chess. The rest of the space is painted with wishful color paintings. The side window grilles are all ancient "longevity" characters, with tangled flowers, and the composition is unique.

central scroll

In order to receive ordinary guests, the living room is in the middle, and the gulong sparrow is carved on the beam frame of the central column. There is a triple door behind the hall. The main entrance is usually closed, and it can only be opened for major weddings, funerals and weddings, but it can only enter and exit from both sides every day. The bright room and the main hall are relatively small, and the secondary room, the tip room and the end room are connected with the wing room. The shape of Xiatang is basically the same as that of nave, except that it has wings on the right and a door head on the left, and it is carved with wood carvings such as double diamonds, flowers, money patterns and double circles. There is also a Shimen pavilion under the door, and the forehead and couplets are basically destroyed. Only the words "four congratulations" are found in the bottom couplet.

study

It is a major feature of Guifeng architecture in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. There are ponds and flower beds around the study of almost every ancient building, which shows that the local Chua family attached importance to culture at that time. The book building, study and cliff inscription of Houmen Mountain are located about 20 meters on the left side of the annex, with a 30-square-meter West Weir Lake in the middle. Quiet environment, suitable for practicing martial arts. Although the library collapsed, the study was in disrepair. But the strong atmosphere still depends on it. The right back side of Xiyan Lake is engraved with "living source" and the left back side is engraved with "steaming cloud". There are many good news posted on the wall of the main hall of the study, which adds a bit of scholarly charm to this place. According to records, among the descendants of CuO, he was admitted to 1, 2 Gong Sheng and 6 scholars, which is really a veritable scholarly family. Located on the hillside on the left back side of the village, the direction is oblique (45 degrees). It is a binary single-eave bucket through wood building. On the central axis are the back hall, the wing, the second hall and the gatehouse in turn. Left and right, Jianhua table mountain gate on the left. Covering an area of 1026 square meters, with a building area of 893.75 square meters. It was founded in the 12th year of Qingganlong (1747).

Main architectural and cultural connotations:

The building is unique in that the second hall is the main hall with a width of nearly 8 meters. Tall and magnificent, with strange architecture. Legend has it that when the owner was building a house, he heard that Xiao Gong Bodhisattva (the protector) would not enter the second-floor house, but the pedestal had been built and it was not convenient to make any changes, so he gave up the idea of building a second-floor house. So the second hall of this room is the main hall. There is a lintel in the main hall of the second hall, followed by a shrine to worship the spirits of ancestors. Usually, these two doors are closed and opened during sacrifice. There is a pair of couplets hanging on the lintel post, which reads "Xiu De in the Great Cause" and "Reading in Dunlun" below. Hundreds of years later, it is still as bright as new. Liang Fang in the second hall is carved with ancient dragons, and there are all kinds of flowers and birds under it.

Houtang

It is a two-story wooden building, with * * * distinct, minor, slight and complete rooms and two deep rooms. There are three rooms outside the corridor, horizontal and deep. Installing vertical belt pedal, drop 1 1. The most special thing is that the elephant costume stone is sunken inward, about 0.5 meters deep, so that the vertical belt of heavy tread is suspended in the air. The patio is all paved with slate strips. On both sides of the patio are double rooms. The window grilles are a little simpler. On the front porch pillar, patterns such as lotus crane, moon folding laurel tree, magpie climbing plum, left man and right waitress are carved with yin and yang. The patio is paved with green stone slabs with curved edges, so the workmanship is very exquisite.

Xiatang

Relatively short, the wood carvings in the middle hall are cologne, bat and flower. The front right is the wing, and the left is the door pavilion. On the left, 25 meters from Zhengcuo, there is a Huabiao Mountain Gate. On his forehead, he wrote "Merit and Water Blue" in four running script characters, "Ding Maonian (1747) Ju Yue" in the book, and "Linz Title" in the book. Next to me, I drew magpie, plum, summer lotus and autumn chrysanthemum. Houmentian mistake is located on the hillside on the right side of the village, facing east and west. Covering an area of 1000 square meters, with a building area of 600 square meters. It is a wooden building with three entrances and two eaves, five rooms wide and three rooms deep, surrounded by walls. It was built in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. According to the records, due to the unexpected changes of the owner in the later period of construction, the ground part was too late to be renovated, which led to the forced interruption of the project and left some shortcomings. But as far as its artistic atmosphere is concerned, it is outstanding among the existing buildings in Guifeng and unique among the local houses in this province. In particular, the woodcut art, with exquisite craftsmanship and a large number, is a leader among all kinds of ancient buildings in Youxi County.

Main architectural and cultural connotations:

Purlin is a two-story wooden structure with five rooms wide and three rooms deep. The bright room (main hall) is spacious and beautifully carved. On the pillar of Zhongzheng East Building, there is a wishful puncture bucket, below which is a five-claw cologne, and the branches are wrapped with chrysanthemums as a substitute. There is a shrine on the lintel, and the whole block is carved with flower patterns such as "twins", "rolling books" and flowing clouds of ten thousand bats. On the left side of the hall, a large piece of carved dragon scroll grass, piano books and character stories; On the right side of the hall, there is a large carved "longevity" money, screen books and character stories. On the eaves of the front porch, there are carved chess, calligraphy and painting, character stories, peony, peach blossom, pomegranate, book sword and so on. There are coins of "Taiping Bao Tong" and "Yuanshou" carved on the inner eaves of the front porch, and peony and dragon patterns carved on the outer eaves. The content of the left and right big squares is basically the same as the woodcarving on the inside and outside eaves of the front porch. The floor and patio of the hall are not decorated, which is a bit messy.

Front porch skirt

The four carvings are Bo Gu vase, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, Eight Immortals (bats), birds and animals; There are crabs, shrimps, vases, piano books, Bo Gu and the Eight Immortals in the dark. The carving styles on both sides are roughly the same, but the content has changed. There are wings on both sides of the main hall, and the carving on the forehead of the wing gallery is another feature of the pavilion (see picture). Peony is carved on the front and back of the left wing; The back of the second square is engraved with two carp; Three-way carving is not old; Carve flowers wrapped in branches in the corner. Carve peony on the right wing and carry a flower basket on the back; Two are carving three fish to play in the water, and carving three fish on the back; The front of Miyake is carved with hibiscus flowers; Carve peony with carved horns and branches. There are chrysanthemums and peaches carved on the veranda behind the main hall.

There is a lintel in the nave.

There are halberds, war elephants, arrow pots, saddles, chimes and so on on the edge of the lintel. The relief of the east pillar of the main hall is like wearing a bucket and a gourd bottle. There are figures, cranes, vases, unicorns and so on carved in the eaves mill in nave. The flowers and plants carved outside the inner corridor are unique in the ancient buildings of Guifeng. The plinth of purlin is drum-shaped, the plinth of nave is melon petal-shaped, and the plinth of front porch is square bucket-shaped. In addition, it is also found that there are many good news of imperial examinations such as Cai Zhaoyuan, a master of the Qing Dynasty, posted on the wall inside the house.

There are many poems written by ancient and modern scholars and dignitaries praising the scenic spots of Turtle Peak, but the most famous one is the poem "Eight Scenes" by Goshen Cai Xin, which was written by a scholar in Wenhua Temple in Qing Dynasty (two in Qing Dynasty, two in Han Dynasty, and one with the same title): "The scenic spots of Turtle Peak are hard to count, and the genius is five feet high. Golden roosters shine in the morning light, and stalagmites stand out from the crowd. Dragon and tiger have their own effects, roar and roar. I love spring and wine country, so the breeze is comparable. In autumn, osmanthus fragrance is fragrant, and the moonlight by the bridge is so bright. I have a deep memory of my trip to Sri Lanka, and the eight scenes are natural and eternal. "