How has China transformed from tradition to modernization since the Opium War?

Tradition refers to the agricultural economy and the circulation system of the dynasty. To put it bluntly, it is the transformation of the economy and system.

Agricultural economy relies on heavy labor output, social stability and population increase, but the land carrying capacity is limited, and overpopulation will cause a great burden on land, which is the strange circle of economic cycle; The system is the same. The gentry class has always been the top of society. The system of upward responsibility and downward responsibility has been circulating for thousands of years. As the society becomes more and more stable, the class will become more and more solidified. The non-mobile class will cause more social problems, and the population will grow more and more, and it will enter a strange circle, that is, the development of productive forces can't keep up with population demand, and the development of social system can't keep up with population growth. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on plague and war to greatly reduce the population, redistribute social resources and destroy the old ones.

After the Opium War, science was mentioned for the first time. Due to the standardization of industrialization, productivity has increased several times, dozens of times, hundreds of times and thousands of times. Planned planning and production have solved various social problems, and the problems of productivity and social distribution have been constantly corrected scientifically, so the probability of making mistakes is no longer great. At least, there are some ideas to solve the problem, and it is no longer the emperor's fatuity and the collapse of the dynasty. This is also a mistake of Confucianism, which puts everything on others instead of looking for a realistic way.

It's that simple. Scientific introduction, modern production mode, system, scientific management and planning are no longer extravagant hopes. After all, it is better to step by step than to expect a good emperor once in a blue moon.