The development and implementation of flood control measures for water conservancy projects?

Water conservancy project flood control measures are the use of reservoirs for flood storage, the use of sluice gates to control floods, the construction of embankments for water flow constraints, the use of floodplain storage to reduce the flood pressure of the river, the application of drainage systems, etc..

A water conservancy project flood control measures

Common water conservancy projects are reservoirs, stagnant floodplains, river embankments, drainage projects and so on. Water conservancy project flood control measures should be implemented according to the specific terrain topography, as well as combined with the specific situation of local residents. Adoption of various modern processes, the use of different ways of flood control, so as to achieve the flood control according to local conditions.

(A) the use of reservoirs for flood regulation

1. The use of its reservoir capacity to intercept floods and reduce the peak flow into the downstream river. Reservoirs have two main ways of regulating floods, one is the role of flood storage, the other is the role of flood retention. Under the control of the gate, the flood control level of the reservoir can be higher than the top of the spillway weir, with the dual role of flood storage and flood retention. Stall flood refers to make the flood water in the reservoir to value the stay. In the case of the reservoir's spillway without gate control machine, when the reservoir's storage level and the top of the spillway weir elevation flush, the reservoir can play the role of temporary retention of floodwaters.

2. Taking into full consideration of the people's life around the upstream and the production and development of industry and agriculture, the storage height of its reservoir should be controlled. The size of its downstream flood discharge should be considered in conjunction with the safety of the downstream river. If more than one reservoir is built in a basin, it can be used jointly to play the regulating role of compensation and staggered peaks of dry and branched streams. In addition, reservoirs have the role of promoting profits in addition to flood control. Flood control requires more reservoir capacity to accommodate floods, and the development of profit requires more water storage to meet the requirements of agricultural water conservancy.

(B) the use of flood control sluice gate

1. flood control sluice gate application design. General gate site should be located in the site of open, smooth water flow, hard foundation, stable riverbed section of the river. Selection of the elevation of the gate site, should be compatible with the single-wide flow through the gate. In the hydraulic design, according to the form of the water flow and the application of the sluice gate, the capacity of the flow should be calculated according to the formula of hydraulics, and the total net width of the gate hole should be determined. Combined with the geological conditions of the riverbed and the water level under the sluice gate, the energy dissipation method is determined. Most of the sluice gates adopt water jump energy dissipation, and the arrangement and scale of energy dissipation and anti-shock measures are determined by hydraulic calculation. For large sluice gate hydraulic design, should do hydraulic model of experimental verification.

2. Sluice control of flooding. In the flood season, the opening of flood gates, making the upstream water level is lower than the water level of the flood control limit, but also to control the flow of the flood water discharged, to ensure that it is lower than the safety of the downstream river discharge. Floodgate is a sluice gate that divides the river flood, if the safe discharge of the downstream river is exceeded by the peak flow of the upstream river, the downstream farmland and towns will be damaged, in order to protect them, part of the flood water can be discharged into the predetermined lakes and depressions through the floodgate, and also can be discharged into the neighboring rivers with lower water levels. Tide gates are mainly sluice gates located at the mouths of tide-sensitive rivers to prevent the tide from backing up. At high tide, the tide water level is higher than the river water level, the gate should be closed to block the tide.

(C) construction of embankments for water flow constraints

The construction of embankments is the main measure to prevent flooding and protect industrial and agricultural production and normal life of residents. River embankment can effectively restrain the river, and the flood control in the floodway, so that the same amount of water depth deepening, increase the flow rate of flooding, flood discharge has a certain role. According to the different construction locations, dykes can be divided into lake dykes, river dykes, seawalls, reservoirs, etc., and according to their functions, they can be divided into sub-dykes, flooding dykes, wave release dykes, and perimeter dykes. Embankment has an important role in flood control, which can restrain the river and improve the flood discharge and drainage capacity of the river channel; resist the sea tide and wind waves to avoid the storm surge into the land; restrict the degree of flood discharge and protect the normal life of the people on both sides of the embankment. As the main channel for lagging out flood water, the improvement of the flood discharge capacity of the river has a major role in the local flood control measures, especially for the plains area has an important role. The construction of embankment is more important here. Its construction is generally combined with the river management, for example, in increasing the river flood capacity at the same time, will inevitably be reinforced embankment, consolidation of embankment at the same time, need to carry out dangerous section of the protection works and the river flow control and guidance.

(D) the use of flood storage area to reduce the flood pressure of the river

1. Flood storage area classification. Floodplain is the use of lake depressions built embankment; floodplain refers to the riverbanks located between the embankment or natural river on both sides, in the event of a major flood used to vent the flood area; floodplain is the role of flood performance regulation, the capacity of the river section of the flood flood has a reduction in the flood peak or the role of short-term DC floods; floodplain refers to the temporary use of the river for storage discharge of excess flood, to be flood control situation is reasonable, in the case of its discharge. The flood storage area is temporarily used to store the excess flood water diverted from the river, and then discharged outside the area when the flood control situation is reasonable. Flood storage and retention area is mainly used to protect the key areas of flood safety, can be conditioned to open up into the flood storage and retention area. The opening of the flood storage area has certain conditions and restrictions, if the key protection zone of the flood safety is threatened, should be in accordance with the authority of the scheduling, based on the defense of flood scheduling program to implement the flood control tasks. Stagnant area should be prepared before the opening, specifically including clear flood storage area using the scheduling procedures, ready to flood gates and flood gates open ready.

2. The role of the flood storage area to reduce the pressure of the river. In order to be able to more effectively play the role of the lake depression flood control, most of the river basin are the use of dikes to most of the coastal lakes depression and river separation. It will be built into a flood diversion, storage and retention areas, in order to reduce the flood pressure of the river. When the water level reaches a certain height, the flooding pressure of the river channel is relieved by adopting measures such as flood control and diversion, whitewater diversion, or the use of man-made separation.

(E) the application of drainage system

Drainage engineering section used to remove the removal of flood water is divided into two categories of electromechanical drainage engineering and white drainage engineering. Electromechanical drainage works are mainly used in flood water can not be discharged to the discharge area, the construction of drainage stations in suitable locations, the use of electromechanical to drainage. White drainage project is also known as self-flow drainage project, the main form of drainage ditch and river, the choice of the discharge area can be selected from the lower terrain of the river.

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