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It is a very important link to know a thinker and school and understand the background of their times. Confucius was born in 55 1 year BC and died in 479 BC. He is a man in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Mencius was born in 372 BC and died in 289 BC. He was a thinker in the Warring States Period. The period in which Confucius and Mencius lived was collectively called the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the ancient history of our country, it was a period of stormy weather and fierce conflicts between the old and the new.

(A) the era of great change

A remarkable feature of this era is innovation, and its deepest internal reason is the development of productivity brought by the appearance of iron farm tools and Niu Geng technology.

China's ancient iron smelting industry has a long history. In 5 13 BC, the state of Jin used to cast a punishment tripod, and the capital levied an "iron bucket". According to historical records, iron farm tools appeared in the early Spring and Autumn Period. "Qi Yu in Mandarin" once said "Guan Zi": Dollar (bronze) casts weapons, while evil gold (iron) casts farm tools. By the Warring States period, iron tools used as agricultural tools were more widely used. It is recorded in the book Mencius. At that time, there was a scholar named Xu Xing, who advocated that the monarch and the people should cultivate together, which had a great influence. Sean, a disciple of Mencius, also wanted to ask for advice. Mencius advocated division of labor. He asked Chen Xiang and Xu Xing made it with a kettle. ...

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