How are drinks classified?

1, AOC is the best wine in France. The government has strict laws and regulations on the production of this kind of wine, involving the yield, grape varieties, minimum alcohol content, maximum yield per unit area, grape cultivation methods, brewing methods, and sometimes even storage and aging conditions. AOC can only be named as "place name" if it meets the specific standards of this wine.

2. The production of special liquor (VDQS) must be strictly controlled and managed by the National Association of Geographical Names of Origin, and its production conditions include: producing area, grape varieties used, minimum alcohol content, maximum yield per unit area, grape cultivation method, brewing method, etc. Before this wine successfully passed the tasting test of the official committee, it could not obtain the VDQS label from the local enterprise federation.

3. When VINS· de Pearce was also called local wine, this wine could only be brewed with recognized grape varieties, and the grape varieties must be local products with the name on the wine label.

4.VINS Debiao is a table wine except local wine, and its alcohol content is generally 8. Between 5% and 15%, it can be a mixture of wines from different regions or even different countries.

French wine, whether it is table wine or AOC wine, is strictly controlled from the beginning of production to consumption, involving production, wholesalers, sales and consumption.

Bordeaux, Burgundy and Champagne are also called the three major wine producing areas in France.

Bordeaux is located in the southwest of France, in the Garonne River, Dordogne River and gironde Valley. It has nearly 65,438+065,438+00,000 hectares of vineyards and produces about 500 million bottles of wine every year. It is recognized as the largest wine producing area in the world. Because of the vast land, fertile soil and various kinds of grapes, almost all kinds of wines are produced, including mellow red wine, spicy or sweet white wine and rose red wine. From high-quality wine to ordinary table wine, everything is available, especially the most elegant and delicate red wine.

Medoc is located on the left bank of Gironde River, northwest of Bordeaux, with flat terrain. The topsoil is mostly gravel and pebbles, and the subsoil is reddish brown and contains iron. The better wines come from eight regions, including Omedock village, and are named after the village.

The wine produced in the village of Santa estay Fife is bright crimson, rich and sweet. Famous wines include CH. COSD's tunnel

Pauillac is a vineyard producing the finest Bordeaux red wine. The produced red wine has rich ruby color, elegant aroma and delicate taste. It is a long-term mature red wine. Four of the five famous wines in Medoc come from this village, such as ch. Lafitte RothsCHild and ch. Laveur is in Laveur.

Saint Julian is adjacent to Puica, where the red wine is purplish. Because the astringency and acidity are well controlled, the red wine produced in this area is very famous. But the output is not much and the price is relatively expensive. Such as: Leverville-Ras-Keyes, Leverville-Boyfair, etc.

The wine produced by Margaux is very beautiful and ruby-colored. It mainly produces wine with weak astringency and soft and delicate taste. Because the astringency and sour taste are just right, it tastes mellow and delicious. This village has AOC regulations, and all products are marked on trademarks, such as ch. Margo, the best product.

MOULIS is a wine-producing village near the upstream forest. There is no recognized high-grade wine in the product, but the quality is good and desirable. .

France is one of the countries with the longest history of wine production in the world. Not only the grape planting area is vast, but also the wine production and consumption are great, and the quality of wine is also recognized as the first in the world.

There are many grape plantations in Bordeaux and their products are relatively independent. In order to control their quality, the French government classified them in 1855 and classified them for the second time in 1973. The results are basically consistent with 1855: 4 species of cephalopods, 0/5 species of eryuan 14 species of ternary/kloc-0.

1. Graves is located on the left bank of the Garonne River, where red wine and some fine wines are produced. The more famous village is Austria. Chestnut on Berlin and Pepper. Clemang (PAPECLEMENT)。 The red wine produced in this area is richer and has a special taste than that produced in Maddock area, while the white wine is sweet and spicy. Among them, the quality of spicy taste is better. 1855 Austrian McDock wine classification. Berion Castle is listed in the first yuan. Located in the south of Graves and surrounded by it, Sotnes has five villages, including Bomis. This region produces the most famous sweet white wine in the world, and its production method is unique. Brewers first let the grapes ripen completely on the trees. After the grape leaves wither, the sun shines directly on the grapes, so that the over-ripe glucose can be concentrated, which is not only rich in sugar, but also "aristocratic" because of the role of fungi. This phenomenon increases the production of glucose, so there is still a sweet residue in the fermented wine, thus producing a natural sweet white. Balsack village is the only plantation with AOC system in five villages in this area. The taste of wine is different from other four villages, with less sweetness and rich flavor. Saint. Saint Emilion is famous for its bordeaux red wine. The wine produced is light ruby color, not too astringent, mature quickly and balanced. Famous wines are: Ch. Ausone。 Cheval-Blanc et al. Pomeroy is located in Saint-A small grape plantation in the northwest of Weng, Imirie. The famous red wine here is deep red in color, soft and mellow, with good endurance and can be stored for a long time without deterioration.

2. Burgundy is one of the ancient wine producing areas in France and the only one that can compete with Bordeaux wine. It produces both famous red wine and world-famous white wine. There are many varieties, each with its own characteristics, some rich and full, some exquisite and elegant, and vary widely, so AOC wines are relatively few, mainly Chablis wines. Codol, Iraq (COTEDENUITS) and Codol. High quality red and white wines from COTEDEBEAUNE and other places, as well as dates. White wine in the Loire region. Famous producing area: Chablis is located near Oxler town, with an average annual output of 165438+ million gallons of dry white wine. The wine in this area is very famous, which is characterized by golden color with green, crystal clear, pungent, beautiful and light, delicate and elegant, delicate and refreshing, pure and elegant, especially suitable for serving oysters, so it has the reputation of "oyster wine". The alcohol content is about 1 1%. There are 7 super vineyards in Chablis producing area, and the wines produced in these producing areas are excellent wines with clear spicy taste, refreshing flavor, dry type and balanced body. In addition, there are 2 1 first-class vineyards. Codol (COTED'OR) by the family. Nii and ko Bona consists of two parts. Part. Niyi, also known as "Golden Mountain", mainly produces red wine and produces the best Birkendi red wine. The famous varieties are: Jifuhai. This is a strong red wine with original flavor. Sweet pineapple. CHAMBOLLE-MUSIGNY has elegant quality and soft fragrance. Vogt fornis. Roman milk (VOSNEROMANEE) and so on. Part. Bona mainly produces the best white wine in Boken, Britney region. Pamela xie cun is the world's top spicy white wine producing area. There are four super vineyards here, among which Pamela Xie, the most famous, is known as the "king of liquor" because of its attractive aroma and steel-like spicy taste. South boken includes the division. Xia Long, Marconas and beaujolais are rich in wines with various styles and many famous wines.

Xia Long mainly produces sparkling wine in Birkendi. POUILLYFUISE, produced by Makuley in this area, is the most outstanding white wine in Bilkendi, with light green color, luster and light and delicious spicy taste. It is a very refreshing dry white wine.

Beaujolaise is the largest grape producing area in Bokendi, covering an area of over 50,000 acres, with an average annual output of over 2 million gallons. "Beaujolaise" is almost synonymous with fine red wine, and the red wine made from Camry grapes is light and delicious. It is very popular, but all beaujolais wines must be drunk when they are young. The wines in this area are usually named after village names, such as JULIENAS, Nana, FLEURIE and MOULIN-A-VENT. Moulin-a-vent is a famous wine in Beaujolais, which has a strong taste, deep color, remarkable fruity aroma and unique charming style.

The Alps are located on the east side of the eastern mountain range, facing Germany across the Rhine River. It was occupied by Germany several times in history, and its wine style is very similar to that of German wine.

4. Branches. COTEDURHONE is located in the southeast, in the Luohe River Basin, with a grape planting area of over 97,000 acres and an average annual wine production of 35,000,000 gallons. The varieties are red, white, dry and sweet, and even sparkling wine, which is relatively complete.

Provence is the earliest grape plantation in France. Greek colonists entered France from here, settled here and began to grow grapes. The famous rose wine produced in this area is the most beautiful when it is frozen to 10℃. Most products are within the AOC level.

6. The Loire River is located in the Loire Valley in the northwest, producing all kinds of rose wine and red wine.

7. Champagne is located in the northeast suburb of Paris, about 65,438+000 miles. It produces champagne and is known as the "king of wine". Since the 3rd century AD, red and white wines have been produced in Champagne region, and it was not until 65,438+0,700 that champagne was first produced. Grape varieties used to produce champagne mainly come from Binnu grape family, including Black Pi Nuo and Menu Ebinur. Champagne is a wine that is inverted, clarified and mixed after fermentation, and then the mixed wine is sweetened, bottled and fermented for the second time. At this time, the released carbon dioxide dissolves in the wine, which is also the reason why champagne will produce foam after opening. Old champagne must be bottled and stored for at least 3 years before it can be put on the market.

Classification of foreign wines

From the perspective of production methods, foreign wines can be divided into three categories: distilled wine, brewed wine and mixed wine.

Tequila wine

Distilled liquor is made from fermented raw materials by distillation and purification, with high alcohol content. According to different raw materials, it can be divided into grain distilled liquor, grape distilled liquor and other distilled liquors. There are several kinds of distilled spirits commonly used in restaurants:

(1) whisky

Whiskey is the most representative distilled liquor made from barley, rye and corn, which is fermented and distilled and aged in wooden barrels. The market sells a lot. Whisky has a wide range of producing areas and different production methods. The main varieties are as follows: Scotch whisky and American whisky are common in the market.

A scotch, please.

It is a famous brand product in Scotland. It is made of barley malt by drying and peat baking, and has a unique flavor. The aging time of this wine is at least 8 years, usually more than 10 years. Scotch whisky has a unique style, with reddish brown color, clear and transparent, burnt flavor and strong smoky flavor. The famous brands of Scotch whisky are: Black, Chivas Regal, Old Brand and Premium.

Irish Whiskey

Brewed from barley, oats and other grains, distilled for three times and aged in wooden barrels for 8- 15 years. The style is close to that of Scotch whisky, the most obvious difference is that it has no smoky burnt smell and soft taste, so it is suitable to be mixed with other drinks as a blended wine. The brands that people are familiar with are: jameson and Son, Powell, Old Bumiao, Turamot.

Canadian whiskey.

Canada began to produce whisky in the middle of18th century. At that time, only rye whisky was produced, and its alcohol content was very high. /kloc-after the 0/9th century, it began to produce whisky brewed from corn, which has a light taste. Steamed, stored, mixed and bottled under the management of the Canadian government. The aging time in the barrel is 4- 10 year. The main brands are: Canadian Club, West grimes and Crown.

American whiskey.

Although the United States has only a history of more than 200 years, most of the immigrants came from Europe, so they also brought wine-making technology. A place in Kentucky, USA, where whiskey is produced is called bourbon. The main raw materials of bourbon are corn and barley, which are aged for 2-4 years after fermentation and distillation, but not more than 8 years. Its famous brands are: Four Roses, Grandpa, Jim Bing and Wild Turkey.

Whiskey should be drunk with ice cubes and soda water, so it will not be so strong and taste more peaceful. Soda makes wine produce a lot of carbon dioxide gas. If you drink it, cold alcohol will rush out of your nose. Similar to the feeling of burping after drinking cold beer. But it tastes much more fragrant and particularly comfortable.

(2) Jin Jiu

Gin, also known as gin, can be divided into Dutch gin and English gin.

A glass of Dutch gin.

Barley, malt, corn and rye are used as raw materials, which are distilled after saccharification and fermentation, and juniper and other herbs are added during distillation, and then distilled twice. Flower blue gin is transparent and clear in color, outstanding in aroma and unique in style, which is suitable for single drinking. Its famous brands are Bowles, Ma Po and Hans.

English gin.

Ryegrass and corn were used as raw materials, fermented and put into a continuous distiller. Distilling high-alcohol liquor, adding juniper and other spices, and then distilling in a single distiller. English gin can be used for both drinking and mixing? . British gin, also known as Qianjin wine, is colorless and transparent, with a unique flavor and a mellow and refreshing taste. The more popular brands are Gordon Gin, General Gin, Budos Gin and Tankali Gin.

(3) Vodka

Vodka is divided into two types, one is colorless and tasteless vodka, and the other is vodka with various spices. Vodka is a representative strong liquor in Russia, and its raw materials are potatoes and corn. The distilled vodka is slowly filtered for more than 8 hours, so that the original liquor fully contacts with activated carbon molecules and is purified into pure vodka. Vodka is colorless and tasteless, and it is the most tasteless wine in alcohol. The famous brands of vodka are: Crown, Skinlishna vicious work card and Moscow Voskaya green card.

4) Rum

Rum is a by-product of sugar industry, which is refined from sugarcane and mostly produced in tropical areas. The production process of rum is similar to that of most distilled spirits. After raw material treatment, alcohol fermentation and distillation, liquor must be aged for 1-3 years before it can be dyed with oak color and fragrance. Rum can be divided into three categories according to taste, namely, low-alcohol rum, medium-alcohol rum and high-alcohol rum. Rum can also be divided into three categories according to color, namely white rum, golden rum and black rum. Famous brands of rum are: bacardi breezer, Meyer Black Rum and Captain Morgan.

(5) Tejila wine

Tequila, produced in Mexico, is a kind of strong liquor, which is made from a cactus called dragon tongue. The growth period of agave is 8- 10 years. Do you use its spherical cactus when making wine? In the first stage, the agave is split and distilled in a distiller, crushed in a flat glass, poured with warm water, fermented in yeast, distilled again and aged in a wooden barrel. Tejila wine is amber, with peculiar aroma and fierce taste. Common tequilas are: tejilanjo, Ole, Mariasi and Socha.

6.brandy

Brandy is a high-quality wine made from fermented grape juice, which has been distilled twice. France is the world's leading producer of brandy. The brandy that the French are proud of is called cognac and is known as the king of brandy. Cognac was originally the name of an ancient city in southern France. The French believe that only wines brewed in this area and made from local high-quality grapes can be called cognac. Another famous brandy producing area in France is Yanmana.

French brandy uses letters or stars to indicate the storage time and length of brandy, and the longer the storage time, the better.

"V.S.O" is a brandy aged 12-20 years; "V.S.O.P" is a brandy that is 20-30 years old;

"X.O" generally refers to brandy aged for 40 years; "X" is the abbreviation of Extra, which means extra.

The storage time of brandy is indicated by the star seal: one star represents 3 years, two stars represent 4 years and Samsung represents 5 years. At present, the most famous brandies in the world are: Croix, Hennessy, Martin, remy martin and Camus.

beer

Homemade wine can also be called original juice wine, and the biggest category of home-made wine is wine. According to its sugar content, wine can be divided into four flavors: dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet and sweet. According to the international classification method, wine can be divided into four categories: table wine (distilled wine), aerated wine, fortified wine and flavored wine.

(1) table wine

Including red wine, white wine and rose wine, it is fermented from natural grapes, and its alcohol content is below 15. At the temperature of 20 degrees, all wines with air pressure below one atmosphere in the bottle are still wines. Many countries produce table wine. France is a famous producer of red and white wine, producing hundreds of famous brands of wine. In addition, Italy, Germany, Spain and the United States are all major producers of wine.

(2) sparkling wine

Including champagne and various sparkling wines produced in Champagne region of France, its production technology is exquisite and its wine taste is unique. The French government has stipulated by law that only sparkling wines produced in champagne areas can be called champagne, and only sparkling wines produced in other areas can be called grapes.

Champagne is made from peeled and seedless purple grapes and white grapes. Because grape juice will produce a lot of gas during fermentation, the carbon dioxide gas in wine is naturally formed, so it is unique. The alcohol content is about 1 1 degree. Drinking temperature is 4-8 degrees. Champagne usually takes three years to brew, and 6-8 years aging is the most popular. Champagne is generally named after its producers, among which Moe Wudang, Baolinxie, Payriere Ruai and Charlie Heidsiek are famous.

(3) Strengthen wine

Brandy was added in the brewing process of this wine to make the alcohol content reach 17 -2 1. Include wine, sherry, etc.

First, port wine.

The most famous one is made in Portugal. Port wine is mostly red wine, but there is also a small amount of dry white port wine. According to the different production techniques, there are aged potters, wine-stained potters, ruby red potters and tea potters. Dry white wine is suitable as an aperitif, while dark brown wine is suitable for cheese. Brand-name port wines include Croft, Saint Gate and Taylor.

B. sherry

Produced in Cadiz, Spain, it is made by blending two local wines with brandy, and the aging time is about 15 years. There are two kinds of wine, one is golden yellow and bright, giving people a fresh feeling; The other is golden brown, with excellent transparency and rich aroma. There is a typical walnut fragrance, and the older it is, the more fragrant it is. The famous brands of this wine are: Tianbei Sherry, Pan Martin Sherry and Saint-Men Sherry.

(4) Seasoned wine

This wine is added with herbs, fruits, honey and so on. Add alcohol to common wine. The representative flavor wine is vermouth wine, which is not pure wine strictly speaking.

Wei meisi? Weimeisi wine is made of white wine as the main raw material and about 30 kinds of spices. The formula for producing absinthe is always kept secret, and absinthe is divided into four categories. White absinthe is used as an aperitif in western food. The famous producing areas of Weimeisi are Italy and France.

Famous absinthe: made of distilled or brewed wine as the main wine and other materials.

Mixed alcoholic beverage

The fortified wine and flavored wine introduced earlier can also be counted as mixed wine. Blended wine can be divided into three categories, namely aperitif, liqueur and liqueur.

aperitif

There are many kinds of wines that can be used as aperitifs, such as champagne, whisky, gin, vodka, some kinds of wine and fruit wine, and some aperitifs with edible alcohol as the main wine, such as fennel, bitter wine and absinthe.

(2) Sweet wine

Sweet wine is generally a kind of wine that western food drinks when eating sweets. Its main feature is its sweet taste. The difference between liqueur and liqueur is that liqueur is mainly wine. Liqueur is mainly distilled liquor. Most famous liqueurs are produced in southern Europe, mainly including: port wine. Sherry. C madeira wine.

Madeira wine is produced on Madeira Island in the Atlantic Ocean. It is a mixture of local liquor and distilled liquor. The color of wine varies from light amber to deep reddish brown, and the taste types range from dry to sweet. It is not only a high-quality liqueur in the world, but also a good aperitif. The alcohol content is between 16- 18 degrees, and the main varieties are: madeira wine and Sheila.

liqueur

Liqueur is an alcoholic beverage with edible alcohol and other distilled spirits as the main components and sweetened with various flavoring materials. Can be drunk after Chinese food in western food, which can help digestion. The flavoring materials used in the preparation of liqueur can be divided into three types: fruit liqueur, herb liqueur and seed liqueur. The alcohol content is between 30 and 40 degrees. Famous wines are produced in France and Italy. The famous varieties are: Italian apricot wine, French fennel wine, French monastery wine, French Benedictine wine, Cointreau wine, Kimberly wine and Dutch egg yolk wine.