What are the types of glass?

Glass: a more transparent solid material, in the melt to form a continuous network structure, the cooling process viscosity gradually increase and harden without crystallization of silicate non-metallic materials. Ordinary glass chemical oxide composition (Na2O-CaO-6SiO2), the main component is silica. Widely used in buildings, used to isolate the wind and light.

In ancient China, also known as glaze, is a transparent, high strength and hardness, airtight material. Glass is chemically inert in everyday environments and does not interact with living things, so it is very versatile. Glass is generally insoluble in acids (exception: hydrofluoric acid reacts with glass to form SiF4, which leads to corrosion of the glass); but it is soluble in strong bases, such as cesium hydroxide. Glass is an amorphous supercooled liquid. The molten glass cools rapidly, and the molecules form glass because they do not have enough time to form crystals.

Glass is simply categorized into flat glass and specialty glass. Flat glass is divided into three main types: leaded flat glass (slotted/unslotted), flat drawn flat glass, and float glass. Float glass is becoming the mainstream of glass manufacturing due to its uniform thickness, flat and parallel upper and lower surfaces, coupled with high labor productivity and management-friendly factors. Specialty glass is a variety of varieties, the following common varieties of decorative one by one:

[edit]History of glass

Glass was originally solidified by the volcanic eruption of acidic rock. About 3700 BC, the ancient Egyptians have made glass decorations and simple glassware, only colored glass at that time, about 1000 BC, China made colorless glass. The 12th century AD, the emergence of commercial glass, and began to become an industrial material. 18th century, in order to adapt to the development of telescopes, the production of optical glass. 1873, Belgium first produced flat glass. 1906, the United States produced flat glass lead on the machine. Since then, with the industrialization of glass production and scale, a variety of uses and a variety of performance of the glass came out one after another. Modern, glass has become an important material for daily life, production and science and technology.

More than 3,000 years ago, a European Phoenician merchant ship, loaded with the crystalline mineral "natural soda" [2], sailing in the Mediterranean coast of the Belorussian River. Due to low tide, the ship ran aground.

So the crew went to the beach. Some crew members also carried to the cauldron, moved to the firewood, and a few pieces of "natural soda" as the cauldron support, cooking on the beach.

The crew finished eating, the tide began to rise. They were about to pack up and board the ship to continue sailing, suddenly someone shouted: "Everyone look at ah, the pot below the sand there are some crystal bright, shiny things!

The crew took these shimmering things and brought them on board to study them carefully. They found that there was some quartz sand and melted natural soda stuck to the shiny things. It turned out that these glittering things, is the natural soda that they used to make pots and pans for the bracket when cooking, under the action of the flame, and the quartz sand on the beach chemical reaction and the crystal, which is the earliest glass. Later the Phoenicians made the Phoenicians rich by combining the quartz sand and natural soda and melting them in a special furnace to make glass balls.

Around the 4th century, the Romans began using glass in windows and doors. By 1291, glassmaking was well advanced in Italy.

"Our glass-making technology must not leak out, and bring all the artisans who make glass together to produce it!"

With this, the Italian glass artisans were all sent to an isolated island to produce glass, and they were not allowed to leave the island for the rest of their lives.

In 1688, a man named Nerf invented the process of making large pieces of glass, and from then on, glass became a commonplace object.

The glass we use today is made from quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar and limestone at high temperatures.

The melt in the cooling process viscosity gradually increase and get the solid material does not crystallize. Brittle and transparent. There are quartz glass, silicate glass, soda-lime glass, fluoride glass and so on. Usually refers to silicate glass, quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar and limestone as raw materials, after mixing, high-temperature melting, homogenization, processing and shaping, and then annealed. Widely used in construction, daily use, medical, chemical, electronics, instrumentation, nuclear engineering and other fields.

[edit]Classification of glass

Glass by production process classification

- hot melt glass: - embossed glass - forged glass - wonderful glass - glazed glass - fused glass - hotel products - polycrystalline glass - glass mosaic - shadowless adhesive glass

This piece of display jewelry is more and more people pay attention to, which a large part of the handicrafts styling There are glass manufacturing. Ltd. in the soft furnishings program has a lot of artifacts also use glass.

Below is a picture of a modern and simple glass modeling for you to understand.

Simple classification

The simple classification of glass is mainly divided into flat glass and special glass. Flat glass is mainly divided into three types: leaded flat glass (slotted/unslotted two kinds), flat drawn flat glass and float glass. Float glass is becoming the mainstream of glass manufacturing due to its uniform thickness, flat and parallel upper and lower surfaces, coupled with high labor productivity and management-friendly factors. Special glass is a variety of varieties, the following common varieties of decoration according to one by one:

First, ordinary flat glass.

1, 3 - 4 centimeter glass, mm in everyday life is also known as centimeter. What we call 3 centimeter glass, that is, glass with a thickness of 3mm. This specification of glass is mainly used for the surface of picture frames.

2, 5 - 6 centigrade glass, mainly used for exterior windows, doors and other small areas of light transmission modeling and so on

3, 7 - 9 centigrade glass, mainly used for indoor screens and other large areas, but also have a frame to protect the modeling.

4, 9 - 10 centigrade glass, can be used for large indoor partitions, railings and other decoration projects.

5, 11 - 12% glass, can be used for spring glass doors and some activities in the larger partitions.

6, 15 centigrade glass, generally less on the market, often need to order, mainly used for larger areas of spring glass door exterior wall glass wall.

Second, the other glass

The other glass said, just the author in the classification relative to flat glass, not the industry's official classification. Mainly:

1, tempered glass. It is ordinary flat glass after reprocessing into a pre-stressed glass. Toughened glass relative to ordinary plate glass, has two main features:

1) the former is several times the strength of the latter, tensile strength is more than three times the latter, impact resistance is more than five times the latter.

2) Tempered glass is not easy to break, and even if broken, it will be shattered in the form of particles without sharp corners, greatly reducing the harm to the human body.

2. Frosted glass. It is also in the ordinary flat glass above the sanding process and become. The general thickness of more than 9 centimeters below, to 5, 6 centimeters thick with more.

3, sandblasted glass. Performance is basically similar to the frosted glass, different from the change of sandblasted for sandblasted. Because of the visual similarity between the two, many owners, and even decoration professionals are confused with them.

4, embossed glass. Is the use of calendering method of manufacturing a flat glass. Its most important feature is that it is not transparent, and is mostly used in restrooms and other decoration areas.

5, laminated glass. Is the use of calendering methods, metal wire or metal mesh embedded in the glass plate made of a flat glass with impact resistance, impact will only form radial cracks and not fall down to hurt people. Therefore, it is mostly used in high-rise buildings and strong shock plant.

6, insulating glass. More than two pieces of glass using the glue method to maintain a certain interval, the interval is dry air, and then sealed with sealing materials around the perimeter, mainly used for sound insulation requirements of the renovation project.

7, laminated glass. Laminated glass generally consists of two pieces of ordinary plate glass (can also be tempered glass or other special glass) and organic adhesive layer between the glass. When damaged, the fragments are still adhered to the adhesive layer, avoiding the fragments splashed on the human body. Mostly used in decoration projects with safety requirements.

8, bulletproof glass. In fact, it is a laminated glass, but the composition of the glass is composed of high strength tempered glass, and the number of laminated is relatively large. More used in banks or mansions and other very high security requirements of the renovation project.

9, hot bending glass. Softened by the flat glass heating in the mold molding, and then annealed curved glass. In some advanced decoration in the increasing frequency, need to be booked, no stock.

10, glass block. Glass block production process is basically the same as flat glass, the difference is the molding method.

Its center is dry air. Mostly used in decorative projects or insulation requirements of the light-permeable modeling.

11, cellophane. Also known as window film, with a variety of colors and patterns. According to the performance of the paper film has different properties. The vast majority of heat insulation, infrared, ultraviolet, explosion-proof and so on.

Component classification

Glass is usually divided into oxide glass and non-oxide glass according to the main components. Non-oxide glass varieties and quantity is very small, mainly sulfur glass and halide glass. Sulfur glass anions are mostly sulfur, selenium, tellurium, etc., can cut off the short wavelength light and through the yellow and red light, as well as near and far infrared light, its low resistance, with switching and memory characteristics. Halide glass has a low refractive index, low dispersion, more used as optical glass.

Oxide glass is divided into silicate glass, borate glass, phosphate glass and so on. Silicate glass refers to the basic composition of SiO2 glass, its varieties, wide range of uses. Usually according to the glass of SiO2 and alkali metals, alkaline earth metal oxides of different content, and is divided into:

① quartz glass. SiO2 content is greater than 99.5%, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high temperature resistance, good chemical stability, transmittance of ultraviolet and infrared light, melting temperature is high, high viscosity, molding is more difficult. Mostly used in semiconductors, electric light sources, photoconductive communications, laser technology and optical instruments.

② high silica glass. SiO2 content of about 96%, its properties are similar to quartz glass.

③ soda-lime glass. SiO2 content is mainly, but also contains 15% Na2O and 16% CaO, its low cost, easy to mold, suitable for large-scale production, and its production accounted for 90% of the practical glass. Can produce glass bottles and jars, flat glass, utensils, bulbs and so on.

④ Lead silicate glass. The main components are SiO2 and PbO, with a unique high refractive index and high volume resistance, with good infiltration of metals, can be used for the manufacture of light bulbs, vacuum tube core columns, crystalline glassware, flint optical glass and so on. Lead glass containing a large number of PbO can block X-rays and γ-rays.

⑤ Aluminosilicate glass. SiO2 and Al2O3 as the main components, the softening and deformation temperature is high, used for the production of discharge bulbs, high-temperature glass thermometers, chemical combustion tubes and glass fibers, etc.

⑤ Aluminosilicate glass.

⑥ borosilicate glass. SiO2 and B2O3 as the main component, with good heat resistance and chemical stability, used to make cooking utensils, laboratory instruments, metal welding seal glass. Borate glass with B2O3 as the main component, low melting temperature, can resist sodium vapor corrosion. Containing rare earth elements, borate glass has high refractive index and low dispersion, which is a new type of optical glass. Phosphate glass with P2O5 as the main component, low refractive index, low dispersion, used in optical instruments.

(1) Ordinary glass (Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2 or Na2O-CaO-6SiO2)

(2) Quartz glass (pure quartz as the main raw material for the glass, the composition of only SiO2)

(3) Toughened glass (with the same composition as ordinary glass)

(4) Potassium glass ( K2O, CaO, SiO2)

(5) borate glass (SiO2, B2O3)

(6) tinted glass in the (ordinary glass manufacturing process to add some metal oxides. Cu2O - red; CuO - blue-green; CdO - blue-green; CdO - blue-green. -- blue-green; CdO -- light yellow; CO2O3 -- blue; Ni2O3 -- dark green; MnO2 - purple; colloidal Au - red; colloidal Ag - yellow)

(7) color-changing glass (using the oxides of rare earth elements as coloring agents for advanced (Colored glass with oxides of rare earth elements as a coloring agent)

(8) optical glass (in the ordinary borosilicate glass raw materials to add a small amount of light-sensitive substances, such as AgCl, AgBr, etc., and then add a very small amount of sensitizers, such as CuO, etc., so that the glass to become more sensitive to light)

(9) rainbow glass (in the ordinary glass raw materials, add a large number of fluoride, a small amount of sensitizers and bromide made of) )

(10) protective glass (in the ordinary glass manufacturing process to add appropriate auxiliary materials, so that it has to prevent strong light, heat or radiation through the line to protect the function of personal safety. Such as gray - dichromate, iron oxide absorbs ultraviolet light and some visible light; blue-green - nickel oxide, ferrous oxide absorbs infrared light and some visible light; lead glass - lead oxide absorbs X-rays and r-rays; dark blue - dichromate, ferrous oxide, iron oxide absorbs UV, infrared and most of the visible light; adding cadmium oxide and boron oxide absorbs neutron flow.

(11) microcrystalline glass (also known as crystalline glass or glass ceramics, is made by adding gold, silver, copper and other crystal nuclei to ordinary glass, instead of stainless steel and gemstones, for radomes and missile heads, etc.).

(12) glass fiber (pulled from molten glass or blown into the diameter of a few microns to a few thousand microns of fiber, the same composition as glass)

(13) glass wire (i.e., long glass fibers)

(14) fiberglass (composite of epoxy resin and glass fibers to get the strength of reinforced plastics similar to steel)

(15) cellophane (transparent, made of viscose solution)

(15) cellophane (also known as glass ceramics). (transparent cellulose film made of viscose solution)

(16) water glass (Na2SiO3) of aqueous solution, because some of the same composition with ordinary glass and named)

(17) metal glass (glassy metal, generally made by the rapid cooling of molten metal)

(18) Fluorite (fluorite) (colorless and transparent CaF2, used as a prism in optical instruments and lenses)

(19) fluorite (fluorine) (colorless and transparent, used as (Prisms and lenses in optical instruments)

Performance Classification

In addition, the glass is divided by performance characteristics: tempered glass, porous glass (i.e., foam glass, pore size of about 40, used in seawater desalination, virus filtration, etc.), conductive glass (used as electrodes and aircraft windshield glass), microcrystalline glass, emulsified glass (used in lighting fixtures and decorative items, etc.) and insulating glass ( used as door and window glass), etc.

[edit]Use of glass

1, in the transportation process, be sure to pay attention to the fixed and soft padding. It is generally recommended to use the vertical method of transportation. Vehicle driving should also pay attention to keep stable and slow speed.

2, the other side of the glass installation is closed, pay attention to clean the surface before installation. It is best to use special glass cleaner, and to wait until it is dry to confirm that there is no stains before installation, the installation of the best use of clean construction gloves.

3, the installation of glass, to use silicone sealant for fixing, in windows and other installations, but also need to be used in conjunction with rubber seals and so on.

4, after the construction is completed, pay attention to the addition of collision warning signs, you can generally use self-adhesive stickers, colorful electrical tape and so on to be prompted.

[edit]Glass process

Nearly half a century, glass art and design with unprecedented depth and breadth of penetration into people's lives. In the modeling of the simultaneous use of different types of glass and production techniques greatly exceeded any time in the history of glass development. Among them, as an important branch of the field of glass modeling art plane art glass, in the field of contemporary glass art and design shine, become a unique medium for artists and designers to create art.

The characteristics of glass determine that it can be subjected to a variety of processing methods, forming a wealth of modeling forms. The main raw materials for glass production are glass formers, glass adjusters and glass intermediates, while the rest are auxiliary raw materials. The main raw material refers to the introduction of glass-forming network of oxides, intermediate oxides and oxides outside the network; auxiliary raw materials, including clarifiers, fluxes, emulsions, colorants, decolorants, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.

Glass production process mainly includes: ① raw material pre-processing. The lumpy raw materials crushed, so that the wet raw materials dry, iron containing raw materials to remove iron treatment to ensure the quality of glass. ② with the material preparation. ③Melting. Glass with material in the pool kiln or crucible kiln for high-temperature heating, so that the formation of uniform, bubble-free, and meet the molding requirements of the liquid glass. ④ Molding. Liquid glass is processed into products of required shapes, such as flat plates and various utensils. ⑤ Heat treatment. Through annealing, quenching and other processes to eliminate or produce internal glass stress, phase separation or crystallization, as well as to change the structural state of the glass.

Special glass production

1, a colorless transparent glass with ultraviolet radiation protection

2, strong absorption of ultraviolet and infrared green glass

3, a dental microcrystalline glass and its preparation method and use

4, low-radiation hollow inlay glass

5, low porosity microcrystalline glass production method <

6, self-cleaning glass

7, glass coated with colored multilayer film and its production method

8, a new process for manufacturing vacuum glass

9, float production of embossed glass and its device

10, refractory glass

11, microcrystalline glass glazed tile preparation process

12, a kind of Low-temperature preparation method of nanometer titanium dioxide self-cleaning glass

13, nano vacuum coating rainbow glass

14, production of laminated colored safety glass color paste formula and production process

15, heat-resistant and fire-resistant ultra-strong tempered safety glass plate manufacturing method

[edit]Characteristics of the glass

Why is glass transparent?

An important reason: even the most solid substance, if you look at it from the inside of an atom, it is actually empty. Because inside the atom, the volume of the nucleus and electrons combined is less than one part in 1,000,000,000 of the atom's volume. Moreover, there is no evidence that the nucleus and electrons cannot be passed through by photons! That's why transparency is normal!

To get to the bottom of this complex issue, you first have to get to the bottom of the following question: why are some substances opaque?

For opaque substances, we can be divided into four categories:

1, due to the blocking effect of free electrons caused by the opacity: this is the reason why the metal is opaque.

2, can absorb light caused by the substance opacity: the molecules of such substances, the excitation energy of the electron is relatively low, it happens to be in the visible range, the molecule is often a benzene ring, benzoquinone, benzidine, or other **** conjugated system of the structure, this structure can reduce the excitation energy of the electron, so that the electron is easy to jump and absorb the energy of the photon. This way the light is absorbed.

3. Opacity caused by the destruction of the structure of transparent substances. Such as glass is transparent, and glass powder is opaque; ice is transparent, and ice is smashed is opaque. If a substance it's structure is not characterized by 1 and 2, then it is able to pass light, but if it has a lot of small voids in its structure, then it is white. This is why white objects are opaque.

4. The result of a mixture of causes 1, 2 and 3. The opacity of many objects in reality is the result of this cause.

If a substance in its structure, that is, there are no free electrons, there is no easily excited electrons, the structure of the substance is very tight, there are not many pores and other conditions. Then the substance can pass photons, that is, it is transparent. So glass is transparent!

[edit]Glass purchase

Characteristics and applications of decorative glass

1. Advanced silver mirror glass. Advanced silver mirror glass, is the use of modern advanced mirror technology, selecting special float glass as the original piece, after sensitization, silver plating, copper plating, coating and a series of processes such as protective lacquer made. It is characterized by pure imaging, high reflectivity, good color reproduction, bright and natural image, even in humid environments are also durable, is a replacement for aluminum mirrors, the scope of its use is also beyond the aluminum mirror products.

2. Colored glass. It is a product of photography, printing, and reproduction technology applied to glass.

3. Colored glazed tempered glass. Colored glaze tempered glass is the glass glaze through a special process of printing on the glass surface, and then by drying, tempering treatment and become. The colored glaze is permanently sintered on the glass surface, which has the advantages of acid and alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, never fading, safety and high strength, and has the characteristics of reflection and imperviousness.

4. Stained glass. Stained glass is a widely used high-grade glass varieties. It is inked directly on the glass with special pigments, or spray-carved into a variety of patterns on the glass plus the color made of the original painting can be realistically reproduced, and the film has strong adhesion, good weather resistance, can be scrubbed. According to the needs of the indoor color degree, the choice of stained glass, painting, color, light into one. Such as replication of landscape, scenery, seaside jungle painting for the entrance, the hall, the vitality of nature and vitality cut into the room.

6. Sandblasted glass. Sandblasted glass, including spray glass and sand sculpture glass, which is processed by automatic horizontal sandblasting machine or vertical sandblasting machine in the glass into a horizontal or concave carving pattern of glass products.

Characteristics and uses of flat glass

Flat glass is a traditional glass product, mainly used for doors and windows, play a role in light transmission, wind and heat preservation. Requirements for colorless, and has a good transparency and surface smoothness and flatness, no defects.

The thickness of flat glass is divided into 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, a single specification size of 300 mm × 900 mm, 400 mm × 1600 mm and 600 mm × 2200 mm types. The visible light reflectivity is about 7%, and the light transmittance is between 82% and 90%.

Characteristics and uses of embossed glass

Embossed glass, also known as patterned glass and knurled glass, is mainly used for doors, windows, indoor intervals, bathrooms and other places.

Embossed glass has a patterned surface, which can transmit light, but can block the line of sight, that is, it has the characteristics of translucent and opaque, with excellent decorative effect.

The translucency of embossed glass, due to the distance, the pattern of different and different. Its permeability can be divided into: nearly transparent and visible, slightly transparent and visible, almost blocking invisible and completely blocking invisible. Its type is divided into: embossed glass, embossed vacuum aluminized glass, three-dimensional sense of embossed glass, color film embossed glass and so on. The thickness is 3 to 5 millimeters. It has more specifications and is divided into diamond embossed and square embossed. Installation of patterned surface toward the inside, can prevent dirt.

Insulating glass characteristics and uses

Insulating glass is composed of two or more layers of ordinary plate glass. Surrounded by high-strength, high airtight, sex composite binder, two or more pieces of glass with sealing strips, glass strips bonding seal, the center is filled with dry gas, the frame is filled with desiccant to ensure the dryness of the air between the glass pieces. Its characteristics, due to leave a certain cavity, and has good thermal insulation, heat insulation, sound insulation and other properties. Mainly used for heating, air conditioning, anechoic facilities of the outer glass decoration. Its optical properties, thermal conductivity, sound insulation coefficient should be in line with national standards.

Tempered glass characteristics and uses

Tempered glass is also known as reinforced glass. It is the use of heating to a certain temperature and then quickly cooled method, or chemical methods for special treatment of glass. It is characterized by high strength, its bending strength, impact strength is 3 to 5 times higher than ordinary flat glass. It has good safety performance, has uniform internal stress, and shows net-like cracks after breaking. It is mainly used for doors, windows, partition walls and cabinet doors. Tempered glass is also in acid and alkali resistance. The general thickness is 2-5 millimeters. Its specification size is 400 mm X 900 mm, 500 mm X 1200 mm.

Characteristics and uses of laminated glass

Laminated glass, also known as shatterproof glass. It is ordinary flat glass heated to red-hot softened state, and then the preheated wire or wire mesh pressed into the middle of the glass and made. It is characterized by superior fire resistance, can block the flame, high temperature combustion does not explode, will not cause debris injury when broken. In addition, there is anti-theft properties, glass cut and wire mesh block. Mainly used for roof skylights, balcony windows.

High-performance insulating glass characteristics and uses

High-performance insulating glass in addition to the two layers of glass sealed between the dry air, but also in the middle of the outer glass air layer side, coated with a layer of thermal performance of a special metal film, which can block the solar ultraviolet radiation into the indoor energy. Its characteristics are better energy-saving effect, heat insulation, heat preservation, improve the indoor environment. The appearance of eight colors, rich in excellent decorative art value. Glass mosaic characteristics and uses.

Glass mosaic is also called glass brocade tile or glass papier-maché tile. It is a small specification of colored finish glass. The general specifications are 20 mm × 20 mm, 30 mm × 30 mm, 40 mm × 40 mm. The thickness is 4-6 mm. It belongs to small pieces of vitreous inlay materials of various colors. Appearance is colorless and transparent, coloring transparent, translucent, with gold or silver spots, patterns or stripes. The front side is glossy smooth and delicate; the back side with a rougher groove pattern, so as to facilitate the paste with mortar. Characteristics are: with a soft tone, simple, elegant, beautiful and generous, chemical stability, cold and heat stability and other advantages. And there is no discoloration, no accumulation of dust, light weight, bonding and other characteristics, mostly used for indoor local, balcony exterior decoration. Its compressive strength, tensile strength, bloom temperature, water resistance, acid resistance should be in line with national standards.

Laminated glass characteristics and uses

Laminated glass is a type of safety glass. It is between two or more pieces of flat glass, embedded transparent plastic sheet, and then bonded by hot pressing the plane or bent composite glass products. Its main characteristic is good security, when broken, glass fragments do not fall scattered, can only produce radial cracks, do not cause injury. Impact strength is better than ordinary flat glass, good anti-crime. And have light resistance, heat resistance, moisture resistance, cold resistance, sound insulation and other special features. Mostly used for doors and windows bordering the outdoors. The thickness of laminated glass, generally 6-10 mm, specifications for 800 mm X 1000 mm, 850 mm X 1800 mm.

[Edit Paragraph]The future development of glass

Warm in winter and cool in summer glass

We may have had such an experience: hot summer, due to the barrier of the glass window, into the room of the scorching hot glare more people feel as if they were smothered in a steamer basket, upset; Rin Rin cold, the glass window seems to be a thick wall, the warm sunshine blocked the outside, people feel that the indoor It is very cold. Although the emergence of air conditioning allows people to get rid of the summer heat and cold, but it is also to the modern city of the already scarce power resources to add a heavy burden, the red alarm of the power crisis in people's ears ringing shrilly. Can we invent a new product that keeps people warm and cozy and saves energy? Scientists have brought good news: British scientists have invented a kind of glass that can play the role of air conditioning, which can balance the temperature, so that people feel warm in winter and cool in summer indoors.

Why is this glass so amazing? According to scientists, its peculiarity lies in the surface coated with an ultra-thin layer of material - a mixture of vanadium dioxide and tungsten. When the weather is cold, vanadium dioxide can absorb infrared rays, producing a warming effect, thereby increasing the indoor temperature; on the contrary, when the temperature outside the window is too high, the molecules of the two bonded together substances undergo a corresponding change, reflecting infrared rays, which makes the indoor temperature become cooler. In this layer of mysterious coating, the most "intelligent" core is contained in 2% of the tungsten, which can determine the vanadium dioxide in the end is to absorb heat or heat dissipation.

Speaking of which, perhaps you are going to be fascinated by this amazing glass, but it still has some technical "defects", there is a layer of dirty-looking yellowish-brown layer on its surface, which seriously affects its aesthetics. How to neutralize this color, so that it becomes clean, is a problem in front of people. But scientists have optimistic expectations, they expect this glass can be marketed in five years, and the price is not much higher than the existing ordinary glass.

Self-cleaning glass

Something with a long time will be stained with dust, even if it is the indication of smooth glass is no exception, day after day, it also needs people to clean it. Small pieces of glassware dirty washing and wiping is not difficult, but wipe the window glass is a troublesome chore. Especially in high-rise buildings, large pieces of glass, I'm afraid that the professional cleaning company's air "Spiderman" to do cleaning, both cumbersome and dangerous. However, in the near future, you can wipe the glass window of the inconvenience and danger are put aside, because American scientists have developed a special glass called "Lotus", which can be self-cleaning with the help of the forces of nature.

"Lotus" is the reason why they can give themselves "bath clean body", because it is a special technology, adding a special component of the burnt. Once the dirt attached to the "lotus" body, its surface will be in the role of sunlight to produce a strong oxidizing ability of the electron hole pairs. Immediately thereafter, the electron hole pairs and the oxygen and water molecules in the air interact to produce negative oxygen ions and hydroxyl radicals. In the strong redox reaction, "Lotus" will be attached to the surface of the organic matter decomposed into water and carbon dioxide. Finally, the "Lotus" and after the rain baptism, wash away from its surface off the remaining dirt, clean appearance once again glittering.

Perhaps some people want to worry, because of the strong redox reaction continues, "Lotus" surface of the special material will gradually disappear, then it is not back to ordinary glass. To this end, the researchers explained that this special material in the entire self-cleaning process only plays a catalytic role, itself not loss, "Lotus" wearing the coat will never fade.

Non-water-repellent glass We just talked about the self-cleaning glass "Lotus", and now let's get to know a kind of non-water-repellent glass like a lotus leaf.

Speaking of lotus leaves, we may not be unfamiliar. In summer, it is like a green arrow, straight out of the water; it is like a delicate fairy, dancing with the wind. However, have you ever noticed that the lotus leaves are dripping water, all the water droplets falling on the lotus leaves will slide down the smooth surface of its leaves, which is often referred to as the "lotus effect". However, this effect in and lotus leaves as smooth as the glass body does not work. Ordinary glass if attached to the dust, when the water flow through, the dust will adsorb these water droplets, the glass surface will be covered with water droplets. This is why glass windows are blurred on rainy days. Recently, people have finally invented a kind of glass that does not stain water, and the glass can finally produce the "lotus leaf effect".

The magic of non-stick glass and ordinary glass in the structure is not very different, just more layers of high-tech nano-coating on the surface. You can not underestimate this thin layer of nano-coating, it is a mixture of nano-silica, titanium phosphate compounds, tin oxide three substances, with super hydrophilic, anti-static, anti-fog, anti-condensation and other characteristics. One of the most incredible super-hydrophilic properties, water will always be close to the glass surface flow, encountered dust will be dust together with the dust, so that the entire glass surface drops of water is not stained.

This glass is very versatile, and it brings a lot of convenience to people's daily lives. For example, drivers no longer need to worry about rainy days, because even if the rain outside the car window, the rain will all flow down the glass, and does not hinder people's view of the front at all. Maybe wait until the day of the non-water glass market, wipers will be completely eliminated.