How many famous wars are there in China?

China's famous war (I)

1. Battle of Zhuolu. About 4,6 years ago, Huangdi Tribe joined Yandi Tribe and Chiyou Tribe in Dongyi Group fought a big battle in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province. The purpose of "war" is for both sides to compete for the Central Plains suitable for grazing and shallow farming. It is also the earliest recorded "war" in the history of our country, which has had a great influence on the transformation of the ancient Huaxia nationality from barbarism to civilization. Yudongyi Group. The argument is sufficient, so follow it today.

War is a social and political phenomenon, and it has gone through a development stage from scratch, from naivety to maturity with the evolution of social civilization. As early as the middle and late period of primitive society, there was an armed conflict between clans and tribes based on protecting their living space and carrying out blood relatives' revenge. Because such conflicts are not aimed at plundering the means of production and engaging in class slavery, they are not wars in the scientific sense, but only the seeds of wars. But for the convenience of narration, we still call it "war". The legendary battle between Shennong and Yandi in Hanquan, the battle between Huangdi and Chiyou in Zhuolu, and the war between Gonggong and Zhuan Xu are the historical traces of this kind of "war". Among them, the battle of Zhuolu is the most typical one. In the middle and late period of primitive society, three groups, Huaxia, Dongyi and Miaoman, gradually formed in the vast area at that time. Among them, Huaxia Group takes Huangdi and Yandi as the core. They rose in Guanzhong Plain, Southwest Shanxi and West Henan respectively. After the integration, it developed along the north bank of the Yellow River to the western part of the North China Plain. At the same time, the Jiuyi tribe (a branch of Dongyi Group), which rose in the lower reaches of the Yellow River at the junction of Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui, also developed from east to west and began to enter the North China Plain under the leadership of its famous leader Chiyou. In this way, an armed conflict between Huaxia Group and Dongyi Group is inevitable. The battle of Zhuolu broke out under this historical background.

The battle of Zhuolu effectively laid the foundation for Huaxia Group to occupy the vast Central Plains, and played a catalytic role in further integrating various clans and tribes. Huangdi, the tribal leader who won the war, became the same ancestor of the Chinese nation and was gradually deified. It can be seen that the battle of Zhuolu is indeed a historic "war" for our Chinese nation to decide its basic appearance in the future.

2 "The Tang-Wu Revolution, according to the nature, should depend on people"

There is a famous saying in Yi Ge Haiku that "the Tang-Wu Revolution, according to the nature, should depend on people". The "soup" mentioned here is the founder of the second ruling dynasty in China history-Shang Tang Tianyi. He once led the Shang tribe and other allied tribes against the brutal rule of the Xia dynasty, and used the violent means of war to overthrow the dying and decadent Xia dynasty and establish a new ruling order. What he did objectively promoted the development of history and conformed to the wishes of the people, so he was affirmed and praised by later generations. In this revolutionary change, the battle of singing is a key move.

Shang Tang's "revolution" is a progressive move in politics, and the Battle of Tiaozhi is a brilliant masterpiece in China's military history. It was the earliest successful example of China in ancient times, which achieved rapid victory in the war through the comprehensive application of "cutting tactics", "cutting tactics" and "using tactics". It had a far-reaching impact on the development of later wars and the construction of military theory.

3 The battle of Makino "Mu Ye is full of splendor, ... when the eagle is flying, it will be cool for the king of Wu to cut down the big merchants, and the period will be clear"

The battle of Makino is a strategic decisive battle in which Zhou Wuwang, assisted by Lv Wang and others, led his troops to attack the Shang Dynasty (now Qixian County, Henan Province) and defeated the Shang Dynasty in Mu Ye (now the area south of Qixian County and north of Weihe River).

the battle of Makino is a famous war example in the early period of the ancient car war in China. It ended the 6-year rule of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, established the ruling order of the Zhou Dynasty over the Central Plains, opened the way for the all-round prosperity of slavery, rites and music civilization in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and had a far-reaching impact on the development of later history. The strategy and the art of combat embodied in it are also of great significance to the development of ancient military thought.

4 The Battle of Gege "Rites and Music Conquered from the Son of Heaven" perished

The Battle of Gege, which broke out in the 13th year of King Huan of Zhou (77 BC), was a counter-attack battle in which Zheng defeated Zhoushi allied forces in Gege (now Changge North, Henan Province) in order to dominate the Central Plains in the early Spring and Autumn Period, and it was also the first time that Zhoushi entered the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

5 The Battle of the Long Spoon is an immortal model of static braking and the weak conquering the strong.

The Battle of the Long Spoon took place in the spring of the 13th year of King Zhouzhuang (684 BC). It was a battle between two vassal states in Qilu in the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period, and it was also a famous war example in the history of our country.

at that time, the state of Lu belonged to Qufu (now Qufu, Shandong Province), the capital of southwest Shandong Province. It kept the tradition of rites and music in Zongzhou society, and was in a second-class position among the countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. Compared with Qi State, its territory and national strength were at a relative disadvantage. As for the State of Qi, it was the fief of Lv Wang, Jiang Taigong, which governed the vast area of northeastern Shandong today, with Linzi as its capital (now northeast of Zibo, Shandong). The land there is fertile and rich in fishing and salt. Since the founding of the country, Taigong has carried out a series of correct policies, such as "simplify its rituals because of its customs", "develop the economy according to local conditions", "promote talents and make contributions", "cultivate monasticism" and use both rituals and laws, so that it has developed its economy and strong strength, and has been a leading country in the East since the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. It is against this background that the battle of the long spoon broke out.

in the winter of 686 BC, there was a turmoil in the court of qi state. Qi Xianggong's cousin, Gongsun, killed Xianggong in ignorance and became a king on his own. A few months later, Qi Chen Yong Yun killed Sun Ignorance again, so that the throne of Qi was vacant. At that time, Xiaobai, the son in exile, and his brother Gong Zijiu both wanted to take the opportunity to return to China to inherit the throne, so there was a struggle for the throne. As a result, Xiao Bai, the son, beat him to the throne and took the lead in entering the country. He is the famous Qi Huangong in history. Gong Zijiu, on the other hand, was unlucky and lost his life in this power struggle. His important adviser, Guan Zhong, was also transferred to Qi Huangong by Luo Zhi, and later became an important founder of Qi Huangong's hegemony.

In this internal struggle of Qi, Lu sided with Gong Zijiu, and once openly sent troops to support Gong Zijiu's return to China for the throne. But the result was a dry battle, and the soldiers were defeated and defeated. What Lu did led to the further intensification of the contradiction between Qilu and Qi Huangong himself was even more bitter about it, and refused to leave it at that, which finally led to the outbreak of the battle of the long spoon.

in the spring of 684 BC, after consolidating the throne, Qi Huangong decided to start a crusade against Lu, relying on his own strength and ignoring Guan Zhong's remonstrance, in order to avenge the feud of Lu's support for Gong Zijiu's restoration a year ago, in an attempt to conquer Lu at one fell swoop and expand the power of Qi. At that time, Duke Zhuang of Lu was in power. When he heard that the Qi army was attacking on a large scale, he decided to mobilize the strength of the whole country and fight with the Qi army. Just as Duke Zhuang of Lu was preparing to send his troops to fight, there was a man named Cao Gui in the state of Lu who thought that the rulers were incompetent and failed to make a long-term plan. He couldn't bear to see his country being ravaged by the Qi army, so he went to see Zhuang Gong and asked to participate in the war.

according to the objective situation that Qi is strong and Lu is weak, Lu Jun met the invading Qi Che in Changshao (now northeast Laiwu). Both armies are poised for a decisive battle. After the battle is over, Duke Zhuang of Lu is ready to give orders to bang drums and attack the Qi army, hoping to strike first. When Cao Gui saw this, he quickly dissuaded him, suggesting that Zhuang Gong hold his ground and wait for an opportunity to break the enemy. Lu Zhuang Gong accepted Cao Gui's suggestion and held his ground for the time being. The Qi army, eager to win, took the initiative to launch a fierce attack on the Lu army by relying on its strong military superiority. However, its three successive attacks were defeated under the strict defense of the Lu army, failing to achieve the purpose of preemptive operations, but causing its own combat power to decline and morale to be depressed. When Cao Gui saw that the time had come, he suggested that Zhuang Gong should fight back. Duke Zhuang listened to his advice and ordered the Lu army to attack on all fronts. With high morale, Lu Jun rushed to the enemy bravely and quickly, washed away the traffic of the Qi army and defeated the Qi army. When Zhuang Gong saw the Qi army losing, he was anxious to order a pursuit, but was dissuaded by Cao Gui. Cao Gui got off the bus and examined it carefully, and found that the traces of the rutting of the Qi army were disordered; He boarded the bus and looked far away. He saw the flag of the Qi army stagger, and found out that the Qi army was really defeated. Only then did he suggest that Duke Zhuang of Lu pursue it. Duke Zhuang then ordered the pursuit of the Qi army, further hitting the Qi army and driving it out of the border of Lu. So far, the Lu army has won the final victory in the battle of the Long Spoon.

After the war, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked Cao Gui why he won the battle. Cao Gui replied, "Fighting with soldiers depends on courage. When you hit the drum for the first time, your morale is the strongest; The second drum charge, morale will decline; By the time the drum was beaten for the third time, the morale completely disappeared. The morale of the Qi army has been completely ruined, but on the contrary, the morale of our army is very strong. At this time, it is natural to defeat the Qi army in one fell swoop by counterattack. " Then Cao Gui explained the reason why he didn't immediately launch the pursuit: Qi is a powerful country after all, so we should not take it lightly, but beware of its feint and ambush to avoid its own undue defeat. Later, when I saw their rut disorder and their standard askew, I boldly suggested to pursue the battlefield. The words made Duke Zhuang of Lu completely convinced and nodded.

The Battle of Long Spoon is a rare setback in the history of Qi Huangong's struggle for hegemony, and also a rare victory of Lu in the long-term struggle of Lu Qi. It has a certain influence on Qi Huangong's adjustment and improvement of its hegemony strategy.

6. The Battle of Surging Water hits the alarm bell of the dream of the broken "military salute" fans

The Battle of Surging Water in the early winter of the fourteenth year of King Xiang of Zhou (638 BC) was a battle between Song and Chu for the hegemony of the Central Plains, and it was also one of the typical examples of failure in the history of China's ancient war because of conservative thinking and ruthlessness.

After the death of Qi Huangong, the first overlord in the Central Plains in the Spring and Autumn Period, the governors of various countries suddenly lost their leaders who had conquered the world and became a mess. Qi was in decline due to civil strife, and Jin and Qin also had their own difficulties, so they were temporarily unable to ask about the Central Plains. In this way, Chu, a southern power that has long been contained by Qi Huangong, tried to seize the opportunity to enter the Central Plains and seize hegemony. Known as the "barbarian state" of the Central Plains countries, the northward advance of Chu caused the small countries in the Central Plains to be uneasy, so Song Xianggong, who always boasted of benevolence and righteousness, wanted to rely on the position of Song as a principality, the highest title and the afterglow of leading the princes to pacify the chaos, to lead the princes to contend with Chu, inherit the hegemony of Qi Huangong, and then wait for an opportunity to restore the business of Yin merchants. However, at that time, the national strength of the State of Song was far behind that of Chu, and Song Xianggong's overreaching practice caused the contradiction between Song and Chu to intensify. Chu was helpless to Qi Huangong in those days, but at this time it was comfortable to deal with Song Xianggong, so it was trying to teach Song Xianggong a lesson, and finally led to the outbreak of the battle of Hongshui.

Let's talk about Song Xianggong's dedication to becoming the leader of the League. Although he is ambitious, his national strength is limited after all. Therefore, he can only simply imitate Qi Huangong's practice, take "benevolence and righteousness" as a political call, and convene governors to hold an alliance meeting to raise his reputation. However, his tricks were not only met with cold reception by many small countries, but also calculated by the monarch and minister of Chu State. At the alliance meeting in Yudi (now northwest of Suixian County, Henan Province), Song Xianggong refused to bring more troops in advance, in case of unexpected construction, and went there without pomp. As a result, Chu Chengwang's troops who were "faithless" were captured alive.

the Chu army is on its way to the state of Song in the territory of Chen. In order to stop the Chu army in the border area, Song Xianggong moved the army to the north of Hongshui (a tributary of the Wohe River, which flows southeast between Shangqiu and zhecheng county in Henan Province) to wait for the arrival of the Chu army. On the first day of November, the Chu army entered the south bank of Hongshui and began to cross the river. By this time, Song Jun had arranged his battle. Gong Sungu, a Song Dynasty fu, suggested that Song Xianggong seize the fighter plane and attack the Chu army when it crossed the middle of the river, because the Chu and Song armies were outnumbered, but Song Jun had the advantage.

However, it was flatly rejected by Song Xianggong, so that all the Chu troops could successfully cross the flood water. After the Chu army crossed the river, it began to line up. At this time, Gongsungu advised Song Xianggong to attack while the Chu army array was unfinished and the ranks were undecided, but Song Xianggong still refused to accept it. Wait until ChuJun disposal, everything is ready, Song Xianggong this just beat drums to attack ChuJun. However, by this time, it was already too late. The weak Song Jun was no match for the powerful Chu division. After a fight, Song Jun was hit hard, and Song Xianggong's own thigh was seriously injured. His elite guards (door officers) were annihilated by the Chu army. Only under the desperate cover of GongSunGu and others, Song Xianggong was able to break through and fled back to Song. In this way, the battle of Hongshui ended with the defeat of Chu Sheng and Song Dynasty.

Although the scale of the Battle of Hongshui is not very large, it has certain significance in the history of the development of ancient wars in China. It indicates that the "soldiers of courtesy and righteousness" with the main feature of "drums in columns" will come to an end since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and a new type of combat mode dominated by "cunning and cunning" is on the rise. The so-called "soldiers of propriety and righteousness" means "paying more attention to the war than cheating" in the way of fighting, and "staying on the same side, fighting with drums and not cheating". It is the inevitable requirement of the old dense phalanx operation, but at this time, due to the increasingly sophisticated weapons and equipment, the continuous development of vehicle array tactics, it has begun to adapt to the needs of war practice and gradually declined. Song Xianggong ignored the change of this situation, stuck to the old doctrine of the art of war, such as "no drums, no columns" and "no obstacles", and suffered tragic failure, which was really inevitable. This is just as Huainanzi said: "If you cut the country in ancient times, you won't get two cents without killing the yellow mouth. It is righteous in ancient times, and it is a smile today. Those who are proud of ancient times are humiliated today."

To sum up, in the battle of flooding, although Song Jun is at a relative disadvantage in terms of strength comparison, if Song Jun can take advantage of the danger of flooding and adopt the flexible and ingenious tactics of "fighting halfway" to strike first, it is possible to defeat the Chu army with fewer strikes. Regrettably, Song Xianggong pursued the "pig-like benevolence and righteousness" (in Mao Zedong), without paying attention to the strength building and lacking the necessary command ability, and eventually suffered a military injury and made the world laugh.

As a result of the Battle of Hongshui, the State of Song was never recovered, and Chu's influence further expanded to the Central Plains, and the Spring and Autumn War for hegemony entered a new stage.

7. The battle of killing the enemy by false means-"The victorious soldier must hide"

The battle of killing the enemy by false means was a battle in which the State of Jin tricked the State of Yu into taking advantage of the road in the early Spring and Autumn Period, killing two birds with one stone and successively destroying two small countries, Guo and Yu. Although the scale of this war was not large, it revealed some important laws of military struggle and left important enlightenment and lessons for future generations.

Jin Xiangong has set two small countries to its south, Guo and Yu, as the targets of annexation. However, it is not so easy for Jin to achieve this goal smoothly. Although Guo and Yu are sparsely populated and have weak national strength, they share the same surname and have an alliance. Opening a war with any one of them means competing with the teachers of the two countries at the same time. How to break up Guo and Yu