China ancient science and technology and modern science and technology.

I hope it helps you. Modern science and technology did not come into being in China.

First of all, the invasion of imperialism and the long-term bondage of feudal system are the fundamental reasons why modern China lags behind the West in science and technology. From16th century to17th century, colonists from Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain and other countries came to the coastal areas of China to plunder and bring disasters to the people. C, an American writer who used to be the ambassador to China? 6? 1 In his works written in 19 10, Holkang described it as follows: "What these so-called pioneers of peaceful commerce do is not like friendly civilized people, but can only be described as piracy ... These people constantly harass the southern coast of China, rob and destroy towns, kill dozens or hundreds of innocent men, women and children, and then' peacefully'. In other words, they landed on the mainland, forced the people of China to build forts for them, plundered women with the most savage beasts, plundered all the property of local people, and trampled on all the norms of humanity and civilization. " Obviously, the purpose of these imperialist countries invading China is by no means to fundamentally change the feudal system in China, nor to help China develop science and technology, but to turn China into a semi-colony and colony.

In order to resist these colonialist "adventurers", since16th century, the Ming and Qing governments have stipulated strict foreign trade systems, and strengthened prevention and restrictions. Although this played a role in national self-defense to a certain extent, it reflected the basic feudal policy of closing the country to the outside world, and the backward feudal system could not meet the capitalist gunboat policy after all. 1840 after the opium war, the door of China was completely knocked open. In addition to the heavy feudal oppression, the people of China also fell into a deep disaster of foreign capital aggression and plunder. Western powers launched wars of aggression against China successively, from the Opium War to the war between Britain and France, from the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese War to the invasion of Eight-Nation Alliance, and the compensation for land cession became more and more serious, which led to the humiliation of power, country and people's livelihood. It has seriously hindered the development of science and technology. Although the Westernization School, which was divided from the feudal class in the 1960s and 1990s, introduced advanced western science and technology and set up factories and mines in order to safeguard its own rule and save the feudal system from peril, it set off the climax of Westernization, but the movement of learning western science and technology promoted by the Qing government from top to bottom insisted on "taking middle school as the body", under the influence of decadent ideas such as "using western learning" and "big country", under the feudalism of enterprises, factories and mines. At the same time, Japan, which is almost as backward as us, began the Meiji Restoration in 1868, and learned advanced science and technology from the west, and achieved completely different results from ours. The same study of western science and technology has produced two different results.

Secondly, the political system and educational system of China feudal society were extremely unfavorable to the development of modern natural science. Modern science in Europe, like China, was born in feudal society, and China is very different from Europe. Europe does not have the Confucian education like China, the imperial examination system and stereotyped writing, and the social fashion does not despise science and technology like China. Science and technology have a broad and solid foundation in European society. Although the church banned the production of modern science by burning, it was objectively "forbidden". China is different. Because Confucianism is an orthodox philosophy, feudal autocratic ideology ruled by fame and fortune as bait, or by high-handed means as a stick, and the imperial examination was used to clamp down intellectuals and introduce them into the pile of old papers that were divorced from production and observation and research. So that not many people in the huge bureaucratic system and the vast ranks of intellectuals care about and study science, and science and technology are despised everywhere in society. In this case, even if the ruling class does not ban science and technology, it has "stopped" in objective effect.

Thirdly, the inherent defects of ancient science in China are the deep-seated reasons for the backwardness of modern science and technology in China. China has been an agricultural country based on small-scale peasant economy since ancient times. Influenced by traditional Confucianism, it has not established a systematic experimental method and a relatively complete logical method. In real life, emphasizing the development of practical disciplines such as agriculture, medicine, astronomy and mathematics, and emphasizing practicality is only the accumulation of experience and knowledge for science, and its theory is not strong. However, the conservative, exclusive and speculative thinking of ancient science and technology system excluded strict scientific theory, which separated philosophy from science and hindered the development of science.