About Zhu Ziqing

Zhu Ziqing (1989-1948), formerly known as Zihua, with the characters Peixian and Qiushi, was originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was born in Haizhou, Jiangsu Province. He is a modern essayist, poet and professor.

In 1925, he went to Beijing to teach at the Department of Chinese Literature at Tsinghua University, where he soon became head of the department. During the Anti-Japanese War, he became a professor at Southwest United University. After the victory of the war, he still taught at Tsinghua University and actively supported the student movement against the Kuomintang dictatorship.In 1947, Zhu Ziqing signed the Declaration of Thirteen Professors. Protesting against the arbitrary arrest of the masses by the authorities.In June 1948, he participated in a march in Beijing against the U.S. support for Japan and signed the Declaration of Protest Against the U.S. Policy of Supporting Japan and Refusal to Receive U.S. Flour.He died in Peking on August 20, 1948 due to poverty and illness.He is the author of Traces, the collection of essays Backstory, Miscellany of European Travels, You and I, and Miscellany in London, as well as literary treatise Poetry Words and Zhi Discussion and Recorded The Appreciation of the Elegant and the Secular***, and so on. Zhu Ziqing (1898.11.22-1948.8.12) was originally known as Zihua, No. Qiu Shi, and later changed his name to Ziqing, with the word Peiyin. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, he was born in Donghai, Jiangsu Province, and later settled in Yangzhou with his grandfather and father. He was educated in a private school in his early years, and was enrolled in an elementary school in 1912, and was admitted to the preparatory course of Peking University after graduating from the middle school in 1916; "Sleep, Little Man", written in February 1919, was his debut work of poetry. He was a participant in the May Fourth Patriotic Movement and was influenced by the May Fourth Wave to embark on the path of literature.

After graduating from the Department of Philosophy of Peking University in 1920, he taught high school in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and took an active part in the New Literature Movement. 1922, he and Yu Pingbo founded the monthly Poetry magazine, the earliest poetry magazine during the period of the birth of new poetry. He was a member of the Early Literature Research Society, and published a long poem, Destruction, in 1923, at which time he also wrote beautiful prose such as The Qinhuai River in the Shadow of the Pulp Sound and Light.

In August 1925, he taught at Tsinghua University, where he began to study classical Chinese literature, and wrote mainly prose; in 1927, he wrote The Backstory and Moonlight in a Lotus Pond, both of which are famous and popular; in 1931, he studied in the U.S.A. and traveled around Europe, and after his return to China, he wrote Miscellanies of a Journey to Europe. In September 1932, he became the head of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University, and in 1937, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out, he moved south to Kunming with the school and became a professor of the Southwest Associated University, where he taught Song Poetry and Studies in Rhetoric and other courses. During this period, he wrote the essay "Semantic Shadows", and returned to Beijing from Kunming in 1946, where he became the head of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. On the eve of the liberation of Beijing, he died of a stomach illness.

Graduated from the Department of Philosophy of Peking University in 1920. In the late stage of his study at the university, influenced by the May Fourth Movement, he began to write new poems, and continued to do so until the period of his graduation when he worked as a middle school teacher in the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

In 1926, he became a professor at Tsinghua University and turned to prose writing, becoming a prose writer of great fame.

In 1931, he studied in England and traveled around Portugal and Europe, and returned to China the following year, where he remained a professor at Tsinghua University. During the war, he taught at the Southwest United University in Kunming.

In July 1946, the famous democracy fighters Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo were assassinated by the Kuomintang agents. The blood lesson prompted Zhu Ziqing to take an active part in the patriotic democracy movement led by the Chinese ****shengtang, and to become a strong revolutionary democrat fighter.

In 1948, he was poor and sick, but resolutely refused to yield to the reactionaries. He died in August of that year in Beiping. In this regard, Mao Zedong gave high praise: "Zhu Ziqing is seriously ill, rather than starve **, not to receive the United States of America's 'food relief'. ...... shows the heroic spirit of our nation."

Zhu Ziqing is the early main member of the Literary Research Society, a lifetime of diligence, **** have poetry, prose, reviews, academic research works 26 kinds, about more than 2 million words. Mainly poetry collection "traces", prose collection "back", "European travel miscellany", "you and I", "London miscellany", literary treatise "poetry words and aspirations discernment", "on elegance and vulgarity **** appreciation" and so on. His prose is known for its refined language and beautiful writing. His masterpieces of prose include Moonlight in a Lotus Pond, Backstory, and Green.

In his life, Mr. Zhu Ziqing wrote a lot of excellent works, and he himself is a model of cherishing time. We should also be people who cherish time.

Zhu Ziqing buy books when clothes Although Mr. Zhu Ziqing is famous for his prose, he later taught at the university for a long time, teaching "Selected Poems" (with "Source of Ancient Poetry" as the textbook), "Ballads", "Tao Yuanming Poetry", "New Poetry", "The New Poetry", "The New Poetry", and so on. He taught "Selected Poems" (with "Ancient Poetic Sources" as the textbook), "Ballads", "Tao Yuanming Poetry", "New Literary Studies", etc. He also published "New Poetry Miscellany", "Standards and Measures", "Poetry in Words", "Discussions of Poetry", "On Elegance and Secularity", "The Classics", etc. Its academic research works, has a deep academic attainments. This thick accumulation of literature, seems to be the generation of scholars **** have. This precipitation comes, naturally, with their reading, love of books have a big correlation.

Zhu Ziqing in middle school, is extremely fond of reading. At that time, his family gave him one dollar a month pocket money, most of which he gave to a Guangyi bookstore in his hometown, and often owed. The bookstore was the source of his interest in philosophy, a book called "Buddhism Explained".

Then he went to Peking University, specializing in philosophy, Zhu Ziqing liked Buddhist books even more. At that time, the Buddhist scriptures and other books were mostly in the area of Wushu Feng Temple, the Wolverine Buddha Temple in Xicheng, and he had gone to the temple to buy the books "In Ming into the theory of the sparse", "Hundred Dharma Ming Men Theory of the sparse", "Translation of the Nominal Collection" and so on. It was a gloomy autumn afternoon, and Zhu Ziqing was alone on the street, which he later recalled in his essay by saying, "This foolishness is quite interesting to look back on."

In 1920, Zhu Ziqing was in his last year at the university. Once he went to Liulichang to visit a bookstore, he saw a new edition of Webster's Dictionary in Huayang Bookstore, priced at 14 yuan. This money is not too expensive for this big book, but for a student is not a small amount. I don't have that kind of money on hand, but I can't afford to give up the book, so I've been thinking about my own leather cloak, which is worth a little bit of money.

This cloak, is the father in Zhu Ziqing marriage for him to do, otter collar, purple sable. Although the cloak is cloth, the style is a bit rustic, the collar or two pairs of "horseshoe sleeves" cobbled together, but after all, it is leather, in the production of the time, the father is also very much some effort. But at that time, I really could not let go of the "big dictionary", and thought that in the future will be able to redeem the cloak, then after a long hesitation, resolutely to it to the pawnshop.

The pawnshop is at the back door of the school, just a few steps away. Zhu Ziqing did not think too much about it. Because he wanted to redeem it in the future, he used the price of the book as the pawn price: 14 dollars. The cloak is certainly more than this price, so the pawnshop counter is not difficult at all, instant payment.

Taking the money, Zhu Ziqing immediately went to the Webster's Dictionary to hold back. Unexpectedly the cloak that cost his father a lot of effort, but finally did not redeem it.

After graduating from the university, Zhu Ziqing taught in middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and was later appointed as a professor of Chinese at Tsinghua University. One winter was particularly cold, Zhu Ziqing did not have the strength to sew cotton robes, so he went to the street to buy a horseman with a felt cloak. There are two kinds of cloak, a better style and fine wool soft, but expensive, Zhu Ziqing can not afford to buy, then bought a rough but cheaper.

This felt cloak is too conspicuous, became a symbol of the professor's poverty, so that later appeared many times in the memories of Zhu Ziqing's friend's pen. But it is for Zhu Ziqing into the city class blocked the wind and cold, the evening and lay down when the mattress, although it is quite heartbreaking. At this time, think about that when out and can not be redeemed leather cloak, call people feel more readers obsessed with the degree of the book.

Zhu Ziqing's reading methodZhu Ziqing's theories and methods of reading are abundant. He not only attaches importance to the quantity and quality of reading, but also pays more attention to the method of reading, and strongly advocates the method of reading, emphasizing the effort of "reading". In the "on reading aloud" article, he respected the Qing dynasty Yao Nai "put the voice of reading, long time since the understanding" and Zeng Guofan "non-read aloud can not get its majestic about, non-dense chanting can not explore its far-reaching interest," the point of view. Read the ancient text, also read the vernacular language. In his opinion, reading is of course for understanding, and the word "read" was originally interpreted in the sense of drawing out, which "includes the degree of understanding and appreciation" ("How to Learn Chinese Language"). Therefore, reading must be emphasized, "because thought also exists in the vocabulary, in the words, in the chapters, in the tones". He pointed out that "the work of familiarizing oneself with reading is indispensable. Chanting is very much related to understanding and is a necessary step in appreciation. When chanting, the language written on the paper** can get its meaning from the sound and become a living tone."

Zhu Ziqing regarded chanting as an important method of understanding and appreciating the original works, and advocated that not only the reading of poems and other literary works need to be chanted, but also the classic works need to be read over and over again. He pointed out in his article "On the Hundred Times of Reading" that "the classics give people knowledge and teach them how to behave, in which there are many linguistic, historical, and cultivation topics, with many annotations, in addition to many related testimonies, and it may not be possible to read them a hundred times and be able to get through them in every place, so it makes sense to teach people to read them more often."

Zhu Ziqing read hard and wrote diligently throughout his life, shedding nearly 30 kinds of writings, more than 2 million words, mainly poetry and essay collection Traces, essay collection Backstory, Miscellany of European Travel, literary and art thesis collection Poetry, Words and Zhi discernment and Zhu Ziqing Essays on Classical Literature, and so on.

On Zhu Ziqing's refusal to receive American "relief food," "Zhu Ziqing, who is seriously ill, would rather starve than receive American 'relief food'" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, vol. 4, p. 1499), I have a strong opinion of Zhu Ziqing, who is seriously ill, would rather starve than receive American 'relief food'. I am particularly moved by this incident, and I am saddened by it. More than a decade has passed since then, but when I read these words now, the scene is still vivid in my mind. The so-called "relief food" was like this: in June 1948, the French currency of the Kuomintang (KMT) government was depreciating all the time like the river going down to the east, and it cost tens of thousands of dollars to buy a pack of paper cigarettes. Professors' salaries were rising month after month, but the French currency was depreciating even faster, and prices were rising even faster. Professors who used to live a relatively privileged life were at this time as difficult to live on as the general population. Especially for those with large families, life was even more difficult. The Kuomintang government was also aware of the people's resentment, especially the intellectuals in higher education, and they could not bear this situation. Therefore, it played a trick by issuing a kind of allotment certificate, which allowed them to buy "American-aided flour" at a lower price. It was also at this time that the United States Government was actively supporting Japan, and the United States Ambassador to China, Mr. John Stanton, was shouting slanders and insults at the Chinese people. On the one hand, he was buying cheaply, and on the other hand, he was supporting Japan and insulting the Chinese people. Some of us have discussed the need to expose the conspiracy of the Kuomintang government, to protest against the insults of the U.S. government, and to issue a public statement.

The statement is as follows:

In opposition to the pro-Japanese policy of the United States Government, in protest against the slanders and insults of the American Consul-General Carboldt in Shanghai and of the American Ambassador to China, Mr. Stephen Stanton, to the Chinese people, and in order to show the dignity and temper of the Chinese people, we categorically reject all the American handouts of the nature of the buying of souls, whether purchased or given. The following fellow citizens agree to refuse to buy American aid flat-rate flour and unanimously return their shopping licenses, and hereby declare.

Thirty-seven years, June 17

Statement written, to collect signatures, but also as usual, decided that each person is responsible for contacting a number of people, older professors are mostly attributed to me to run errands. I took the manuscript to Mr. Zhu Ziqing. At that time, his stomach disease has been very serious, can only eat very little, eat a little more to vomit, and thin face, speak in a low voice. He had many children and his life was more difficult than anyone else. But as soon as he finished reading the manuscript, he signed it without hesitation. He had always written with regularity. This time, with a trembling hand, he signed his name without a single stroke. Here, it should also be explained that after returning to Tsinghua Park from Kunming in 1946, his attitude changed significantly and he was no longer silent. He opposed the civil war and hated the Kuomintang. His opinion of the ****production party also began to change, and he used to recite poems about the liberated areas at public gatherings, and sometimes joined the students in disguise in twisting rice-planting songs, getting all sweaty. I always looked for him in the struggle against some of the U.S. declarations, telegrams, statements, etc., against the KMT. As soon as he saw me, he understood the purpose, "It's a signature, isn't it?" He read the manuscript and wrote his name. As far as I can remember, about eight or nine times out of ten he signed. There were times when he didn't sign, because the text was a little more fiery. On this occasion, I had also approached some other professors, all of whom I usually knew well or who lived in the neighborhood, and most of them signed, but I also hit a nail on the head. One professor had only three children, but his response was crisp: "No! I want to live!" Zhu Ziqing's stomach problems were from starvation, and his family had a large population to feed. In the late Kunming, someone did the math, the salary of our kind of people equivalent to the pre-war silver dollar is only about a dozen dollars.

Zhu Ziqing is concerned about politics, but not much to express opinions, can be said to be gentle and elegant, no fire. During the war, the news was blocked by the Kuomintang, for the Kuomintang to the Japanese imperialists negative resistance, but positive friction on the *** Producers, set off several anti-*** climax of the real situation, the people in the rear is not clear. He believed that as long as the resistance, life should be lived a little bitterly, and seldom complained. Although he sympathized with many political activities in Kunming, he seldom participated in them. When the Kuomintang reactionaries assassinated Wen Yiduo, he felt great indignation. After demobilizing and returning to Peking, and seeing that the U.S. imperialists were helping the Kuomintang to start a civil war and to fight a big battle, his attitude changed, and he stood up in front of the U.S. imperialists and their lackeys, the Kuomintang reactionaries, and, with a few rare exceptions, he joined in with us. There are a few things worth mentioning, one is his efforts to compile the Complete Works of Wen Yiduo, which I pointed out in my trek through the complete works:

Mr. Peiqin was Yiduo's old friend and colleague for more than a decade, and for the sake of this book he spent a year collecting the posthumous writings and compiling and correcting them. A table of contents was drawn up ...... In a word, the collection could not have been edited without Mr. Peixin's efforts.

At that time, the move to compile and print the complete collection of Yiduo was a protest and condemnation of the reactionary KMT. On the contrary, compared with some people, who had been Yiduo's classmates or old-time classmates with 20 or 30 years of friendship, but never cared about the matter after Yiduo's **, and did not write a single commemorative text. Another thing is his love for young students. To cite an example, there was a fight between two students in his department, one from the Democratic Youth League and the other from the Kuomintang's Three Youth League. The reason for the fight was, of course, political, and both of them went to the teacher to complain.

Mr. Ziqing was afraid that this student of the Democratic Youth League would suffer, and behind his back he advised him to give in a little. I know this matter, then write a letter to give advice, please he has to consider the politics of who is right and who is wrong, probably worded in a sharp tone. The next day he came to my home and very seriously and earnestly explained his intention, that Spring and Autumn reproach the virtuous, that he had said a few words about the progressive student in order to protect him from the retaliation of the Three Youths, and that at the same time he agreed that my opinion was correct. Afterwards, I told this to a classmate of the Minzu Youth, and this classmate was also very moved. His opposition to the rule of the Kuomintang secret agents, though he did not speak out loudly, could be seen in an incident that I personally came into contact with. At this time, the Kuomintang reactionaries strengthened their secret service control over institutions of higher education in order to save them from imminent **death. In protest, I wrote an academic paper, "The Schools of the Early Ming Dynasty," about the early Ming Dynasty and scolding the KMT reactionaries, and sent it to the school publication, Tsinghua Journal, for publication. Some of the editors of the Journal were members of the Kuomintang, and of course they refused to publish it, arguing that it was not considered a scholarly article. I talked to Mr. Ziqing, who was also a member of the editorial board of the Journal, and wrote to the editor-in-chief, advocating strongly for publication, and the article was finally published. From this incident, we can see the change of his thoughts and feelings.

Because he was tortured by stomach problems for a long time, his body was excessively weakened, but he also understood that the sky was about to brighten, the dark clouds were about to pass, and good days were coming. Feeling relieved, he wrote two lines of a poem under the glass panel on his desk, "But the setting sun is infinitely good, why be despondent near dusk." It is from the Tang poet Li Shangyin's poem "The setting sun is infinitely good, but it is only near dusk" set to turn the case. These two lines of the poem very aptly expressed his mood at that time.

On July 23, a symposium on "Today's Tasks of Intellectuals" was held in the I-Zi Hall of Tsinghua University, which was the last political activity he participated in. I personally invited him to his home and walked with him from the North Courtyard to the I-Zi Hall. He walked for a while, stopped for a while, and said to me in a broken voice:

"You are right, the path is right. But people like me are not quite used to it, and to educate us, we must take our time. This will keep up with you all." The meeting he also spoke, the main paragraph is also still the same meaning, he said, "the road of intellectuals have two: one is to help the murderers and idlers, upward, feudal and capitalist societies have this kind of people. One is downward. Intellectuals are upwardly mobile and downwardly mobile, so they are a class rather than a stratum.

It is not easy for many intellectuals to throw away their vested interests. Right now we can't get by with living the life of the masses. It is also not a matter of rational unwillingness to accept it, rationality knows that it should be accepted, it is a matter of habit that cannot be changed."

Mr. Ziqing knew rationally that he had to throw away his vested interests and live the life of the masses, and he took another step forward, a big step. He refused to buy U.S. aid flour, after signing, this day's diary recorded this incident: June 18, this matter shall be lost 6 million francs per month, the impact of the home is very large, but Yu still fixed signature. Because I am against the U.S. and Japan, I should start directly from myself. This shows his determination.

More than that, the day before his death, he also told his wife: "There is one thing to remember, I was in the refusal of U.S. aid to flour on the document signed!" Mr. Ziqing was a typical figure among the intellectuals of the olden times; he used to be a liberal, and he did not much like to take part in political activities, especially those that were more intense and combative. However, he had a sense of justice, and with the intensification of the enslavement and oppression of the Chinese people by the Kuomintang and American imperialism, and the armed provocations, massacres, and suppression of the Chinese people, he could not stand it after all. He spoke and acted, showing his attitude through cultural life, reciting poems and twisting rice-planting songs.

On the other hand, he was adamant that he would not take the middle way, the Third Way, and at that time he was asked to join the New Way, a middle way publication run by the Kuomintang, which he firmly refused. But he attended our symposium with an illness.

He was clear about right and wrong, love and hate, and in his declining years, he finally took a clear stand, lifted his head, lifted his spine, and rather than starve, he resolutely refused the enemy's "relief", and this kind of character, this kind of moral character, is worthy of our study today." We Chinese have backbone. Many people who were once liberals or democratic individualists have stood up to the American imperialists and their lackeys, the Kuomintang reactionaries." (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Vol. 4, p. 1499) Comrade Mao Zedong praised the backbone of Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing, saying that "an ode to Wen Yiduo and an ode to Zhu Ziqing should be written," which is the responsibility of our un***ed people, especially Mr. Yiduo and Mr. Ziqing, the former comrades-in-arms of Mr. Wen Yiduo and Mr. Zhu Ziqing. This kind of ode to the heroism of our nation is yet to come. This text can only be regarded as some memories caused by re-reading the article "Farewell, Stewarton".

Zhu Ziqing, formerly known as Zihua, the word Peixin, the number of autumn, was born in the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu October 9 ( November 22, 1898 ), died on August 12, 1948 . He was originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. Because three generations settled in Yangzhou, he graduated from Jiangsu Eighth Middle School, which was then located in Yangzhou, and worked as a teacher in Yangzhou, so he called himself a "Yangzhouer". He is a famous modern writer and scholar. Zhu Ziqing's grandfather, Zhu Zeyu, No. Jupo, originally surnamed Yu, changed his surname to Zhu because he inherited it. He was a prudent person, and served as an auditor in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province, for more than 10 years during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. His father's name was Hongjun, the word Xiaopo, married to Zhou, a scholar. In the 27th year of Guangxu (1901), Zhu Hongjun went to Shaobo Town of Yangzhou Prefecture from Donghai to take up his post. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou from then on.

Zhu lived in Yangzhou for 13 years, spending his childhood and adolescence here. His feelings about this life in the ancient city were subtle and complex. Probably life is too monotonous, so he later said, childhood memories are only left "thin shadow", "like being washed by the general water, lonely to the extent that can be shocked!" However, in the long and winding journey of life, childhood is, after all, the first "station".

Yangzhou is a scenic cultural city, its lakes and mountains, pleasant scenery, how many poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo, Ouyang Xiu and other poets linger in this, searching for the victory, wrote a lot of popular and magnificent poetry. Yangzhou is also a heroic history of the city, in the history of resistance to foreign invasion, has written countless brilliant chapters, leaving many stories to sing and cry. The beautiful scenery of the ancient city and the rich cultural atmosphere, in the invisible cultivated the temperament of the young Zhu Ziqing, nurturing his peaceful and upright character and yearning for the natural beauty of the interest. And the beautiful landscape of Yangzhou, more like rain and dew to nourish his soul, feed his feelings, enrich his imagination, so that his feelings are always full of poetry and picturesque. Yangzhou, this historical and cultural city, his influence is subtle and far-reaching.

Zhu Ziqing has 27 kinds of writings,**** about 1.9 million words, including poetry, prose, literary criticism, academic research. Most of the income in 1953 open bookstore published 4 volumes of "Zhu Ziqing anthology". 1988, jiangsu education publishing house of zhu ziqing writings another comprehensive collection, finishing, published 6 volumes of "zhu ziqing complete works". Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May Fourth Movement, his 1923 poem The Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Oars and Lights showed his talent for prose writing. From then on, he devoted himself to prose writing and made remarkable achievements, and the prose collection "Backstory" published in 1928 made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyrical essays. The subject matter of his works can be divided into three series: one is to write social life to attack the dark reality as the main content of a group of prose, the representative works are "the price of life - 70 cents", "white people - God's proud son" and "the executive government massacre". Secondly, a group of essays represented by Backstory, Sons and Daughters, and Mourning for a Dead Woman, which mainly depict personal and family life, and express the human feelings among fathers and sons, husbands and wives, and friends, and have a strong flavor of human feelings. Thirdly, a set of sketches mainly about natural scenery, such as Green, Spring, Qinhuai River in the shadow of oars and lamps, and Moonlight in the Lotus Pond, are representative masterpieces. The latter two types of prose, Zhu Ziqing wrote the most outstanding, of which "back", "Lotus Pond Moonlight" is a popular masterpiece. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and elegant, and he is known for his refined language and clear writing, which is very rich in true feelings

Zhu Ziqing (1898-1948), formerly known as Zibi, Peixian, Qiusi, a native of Donghai, Jiangsu Province, is a modern Chinese prose writer and poet. His main works include a collection of poems and essays called "Traces", a collection of essays called "Backstory", and "Miscellany of European Travels."

Modernity in a small cabin

"The rice with foreign sugar and lilies is a bowl of three coins, and that's the one to eat?" "Bamboo-ear steak, it costs you a plate; just take it empty-handed!" "How about noodles? How about dumplings?" "How about some dumplings?" "How about some rice cakes? It's too early to sail!" "Good sir, have mercy on us, we've been starving for two days." "Pears, five for ten cents, no charge if they're not sweet." "Which one will you stay in Yangzhou? Take care of us, there's a small room for 28 cents a day." "How about a newspaper for entertainment?" "Peanuts, sorghum wine?" "Want a brass lock? I'll take one home as a souvenir." "Guo Guo Guo Guo", a stack of spring paintings flashed in front of my eyes; the voice in the seller's eyes said, "Go ahead!" "It's almost the end of the year, I'm selling them cheap. Pears, eight for ten cents, which one do you want?" In the crowded piles, only a foot-wide lane remained; and in the murky, tense air, one grotesque figure after another, wishing and wishing, rushed by- Up the ladder, down the ladder, up the ladder. Up, up! Down, down! Gray and sweat coated the yellow faces, gleaming with hunger; the smiling cheeks, the grunting mouths, the picking hands, all had strange unfolding curves, and showed traces of effort; and as hungry beasts instinctively seize on blood and flesh, so they were driven by something to seize on dull coppers, and white horns! In their eyes, the cabin was crowded with piles of coins and dimes! --- They see the cabin crowded and stacked with coins and dimes, and they're just human figures, just human figures. But when they tried to seize them, the figures resisted; and the battle began! The cabin became a battlefield, they became warriors, and we were seen as enemies! From their clamor, I heard the shouts of murder; from their looks, I felt the trembling; from their solicitations, I saw that they struggled as if they were wounded; and the greed of plunder, and the cruelty of treatment, were dimly seen among them, just as among soldiers on the sands! This is the great war, too. I, a member of the war effort, have come to know the stifling modernity, so, so quietly, from everything in my cabin.

Rain

Swept across my face on the east wind, the starry rain, the fluff of spring.

For a friend

How can I forget your hands like torches, your eyes like waves, your words like stones? You flew across the Dongting Lake, you flew across the Yangtse River; you will build the red kingdom of heaven on earth! The earth is full of thorns, the earth is full of foxes and rabbits, the earth is full of corpses; you will be a quick sword, a quick sword to cut through thorns and thorns! With a lion's roar, the foxes and rabbits will run away! You'll be a thunderbolt that will wake up the corpses! I love to see your horse ride through the dust - for a moment, out of sight! I love to see your cane, the iron cane of iron; it has color and weight and clank! I think thou art a gale of sand, to blow down the palace of gold that cannot be shaken! The palace of gold! Blow! I saw you early one summer morning last year: how haggard were you? Thy eyes are still hard, and thy hair is too long! But the heat of thy blood is doubled! I was tossed in the mortar, as if I had been roasted! --- How can I forget thee, thou cigar-colored, thou brandy-colored, thou red-hot pepper?