Historical development of automobile engines

The engine is the power source of the car.

Automobile engines are mostly thermal devices, referred to as heat engines.

The heat engine converts the heat energy generated by fuel combustion into mechanical energy through the state change of the working medium.

1876, German Nikolai A. Otto invented the reciprocating piston four-stroke gasoline engine on the basis of atmospheric pressure engine.

Due to the four strokes of intake, compression, work and exhaust, the thermal efficiency of the engine is increased from 1 1% of atmospheric pressure engine to 14%, while the mass of the engine is reduced by 70%.

1892, the German engineer Rudolf Dissel invented the compression ignition engine (diesel engine), which achieved the second major breakthrough in the history of internal combustion engines.

Due to the high compression ratio and expansion ratio, the thermal efficiency is 1 times higher than that of other engines at that time.

1926, Swiss A. Buchi put forward the theory of exhaust gas turbocharging, which uses the energy of exhaust gas discharged from the engine to drive the compressor and supercharge the engine.

After 1950s, exhaust gas turbocharging technology began to be gradually applied to automobile internal combustion engines, which greatly improved the engine performance and became the third major breakthrough in the development history of internal combustion engines.

1956, the German Wankel invented the rotary engine, which greatly improved the engine speed.

1964, the German NSU company installed the rotary engine on the car for the first time.

1967, Bosch Company of Germany introduced the electronic fuel injection system (EFI) controlled by computer for the first time, which initiated the history of the application of electronic control technology in automobile engines.

After 30 years' development, the engine management system (EMS) with electronic computer as the core has gradually become the standard configuration on automobiles (especially car engines).

Due to the application of electronic control technology, the pollutant emission, noise and fuel consumption of the engine have been greatly reduced, and the power performance has been improved, which has become the fourth major breakthrough in the development history of internal combustion engines.

1967, the United States held a public performance of a hydrogen car, which can run at a speed of 80 km/h every time 12 1 km.

The car has 19 seats and is made by Billings Company of the United States.

197 1 year, the first bus with stirling engine began to run.

1972, Honda research and technology co., ltd of Japan sold a civic car equipped with a compound vortex controlled combustion (CVCC) engine in the market, and fired the first shot of the lean gas combustion engine.

1977, the first international conference on electric vehicles was held in Chicago, USA.

During the conference, more than 100 electric vehicles were exhibited.

1978, Japan successfully developed a hybrid electric vehicle.

1In August, 979, Brazil made cars that used alcohol as fuel.

Brazil is now the country that uses the most alcohol cars in the world.

1980, Japan successfully developed a liquid hydrogen vehicle.

A special storage tank is installed at the back to keep the liquid hydrogen at a low temperature and a certain pressure.

The vehicle uses 85 liters of liquid hydrogen, travels 400 kilometers, and the speed reaches 135 kilometers per hour.

1980, the United States successfully trial-produced zinc-chlorine battery electric vehicles.

1980, Spain successfully developed a solar car.

1980, an engineer in Itzejo, northwest of Hamburg, West Germany, invented a car powered by acetylene gas.

First, calcium carbide is converted into gas, and then these gases are used to burn jet engines to drive cars. It is as fast and safe as a gasoline car. 20 kilograms of calcium carbide can make the car travel at least 300 kilometers.

1980, John Cooper and Owen Belen of the University of California, USA, began to study "aluminum-burning" electric vehicles.

1983, the world's first car with a diesel ceramic engine was successfully tested.

The engine is developed by Kyoto Ceramics Company of Japan, and its main components are made of ceramics, which saves the cooling system, is light in weight, and has remarkable energy-saving effect. Under the same conditions, it runs 30% more than the conventional engine.

1984 the former Soviet union developed a dual-fuel vehicle.

When the car starts, use gasoline first, and then use natural gas exclusively.

1984, Amoke Bi Chemical Company of American Mobil Oil Company developed a synthetic material called Dulong Plastic, and the company successfully manufactured the world's first all-plastic automobile engine with a weight of only 84kg.

This all-plastic engine is used in American Lola T-6 16GT cars.

1984, Australian engineer Sharish successfully developed OCP engine.

1985, Bilanding, Australia developed a safe, reliable, flexible starting, high-speed and smokeless steam engine car.

1986, Japan's Sanyo Electric Company successfully developed the first solar cell car.

1994, David Bowen of Britain invented another windmill and put it into mass production.