Collect information about non-American music!

"American and African folk music" in Latin America refers to African music brought by black slaves, which evolved over a long period of time in Latin America. In this kind of music, African factors have played a great role, but they have also absorbed and integrated other music cultures. The earliest time for slaves to arrive in America was 15 18. In the following 350 years, about10 million slaves were transported to America, most of them concentrated in the Caribbean and Brazil, and a few in North America. Most slaves came from Angola in west and southwest Africa. Under the oppression of slavery, they tenaciously maintained their own culture. Dance, music, myths and religious ceremonies are the most precious things in their national culture. After being passed down from generation to generation, their core parts have finally been preserved. After the liberation of slaves. After the independence of the country, these traditional cultures have made new development, and even finally put a special mark on the dominant white music culture.

Of course, under the influence of different kinds of music, African music has also changed in Latin America. Generally speaking, they are more influenced by European music than Indian music. Of course, different regions are different. For example, Haiti, Guyana, Suriname and Bahia province in the northeast of Brazil are most closely related to African traditions, with the most African music culture preserved, followed by Jamaica, Trinidad, Cuba and other countries, Central America and South America-there are many black people living in the coastal areas of some countries, so there are also American and African music. However, the influence of nationality and race on music is not absolute. For example, the Caribbean blacks in Honduras in Central America are influenced by the surrounding Indians, and their music embodies Indian culture, while some Indian music in Trinidad has the characteristics of black music. It can be seen that culture is the decisive factor.

Due to the different factors of African music and the absorption and integration of other music cultures, American and African music in Latin America also presents various colorful scenes.

In Haiti, a country where 95% of the population is black, the traditional religion from West Dahomey and Catholicism are mixed into voodoo. Voodoo rituals include singing, dancing and drumming, through which the gods are summoned. Most traditional songs and dances in Haiti are related to voodoo rituals. A Haitian composer once wrote: "We are Latin Americans, and our Latin culture is superficial, but our bones are saturated with primitive African feelings ... Our senses will naturally respond to the rhythm of syncopation in voodoo ritual hymns, which makes us full of passion." The rhythm of Haitian drums also retains the characteristics of Africa. Mother drum, father drum and baby drum are three drums with different sizes and pitches. Coupled with two kinds of acoustic instruments, one * * * is five different rhythms at the same time, which makes people feel uneven, one after another, but one integrated mass. The drum performance gradually accelerated and was exciting until the climax.

In Brazil, the Yoruba people from Zznja, West Africa, combined traditional culture with local traditions to form a ceremony called Maccoumba, which worships the mother of gods and the goddess of the sea, namely Haman. There are songs and dances and drums all night, which used to be attended by blacks. Now this mysterious song and dance attracts intellectuals and artists. Maccoumba held on the beach attracted thousands of people, dressed in costumes, holding flowers and candles, drumming and dancing, and walking into the sea.

Samba is the national dance of Brazil. Its musical features are major, double beat and light speed, which is similar to African music. The samba carnival in Rio de Janeiro is a perfect combination of Catholic festivals and African song and dance traditions. In fact, it is a mass costume parade and entertainment, including European musical instruments and costumes, but the influence of blacks is the main one, which can be clearly seen from music, dance and makeup. At the beginning of this century, Brazilian racists tried to exclude the influence of blacks on the carnival, but it was the African music and dance of blacks that added gorgeous colors and infinite charm to the carnival. Brazilian musicians also create carnival marches and lyric songs for the carnival every year, and award and promote them. Now the samba carnival in Brazil has become a worldwide festival.

Gombiya, a typical American-African song and dance popular in northern Colombia, is a duet of men and women, with big and fast movements, prominent crotch movements and strong and changeable rhythm. Sometimes, male dancers will take a small drum and dance while knocking. Accompaniment instruments include three drums of different sizes, a bamboo clarinet and sometimes a backup singer. Dance and music are very touching.

Caribbean island countries, Cuba, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, are rich in American African music. Their rhythms are more complicated than those in Brazil, the changes and contrasts of musical instruments are very strong, and the European factors in music have increased. The main types of songs and dances are rumba, Song, Salsa, Mei Herlinger, Mambo, Limbo, Cha-cha, calypso and Reggie.

Calypso is a Caribbean music, dance and song, which originated from African and West Indies folk music. It was originally a song by a black slave working in Trinidad. They often confuse their masters with various dialects and plot rebellion. After the abolition of slavery, Calypso mythology has made new progress. The ancient Calypso mythology melody was simple and in the form of echo. Until the beginning of19th century, it was only accompanied by drums, castanets and sticks. Later, influenced by Spanish and Venezuelan music, the melody became more beautiful, and the lyrics were related to current events and characters, satirizing, teasing and humorous. Calypso mythology later became Trinidad's traditional carnival music. Before the carnival, musicians tried to sing the new Calapso in the Spanish capital port every night, and then selected 1-2 songs as the theme song or March of the carnival. Every year, a singer is elected as the emperor or queen of Calypso. Calypso's tone is based on 50 traditional tunes, with a rhythm of 2/4 or 4/4. The phrase is irregular and the accompaniment is changed to brass music. During the carnival, when people dance and sing in the street, its dance steps are similar to samba, accompanied by steel drum bands. This wonderful musical instrument made of petrol cans was also invented by black descendants in Trinidad and has now spread all over the world.

Reggae is an urban folk song on Jamaica Island, which was formed in 1960s. It combines African-Jamaican music (a mixture of West African music and British music) and black music in North America. Reggae is based on western melody and harmony, African timbre and rhythm, and influenced by American pop music. Accompanied by electro-acoustic instruments, it has a strong sense of rhythm and a loud volume. Reggae was first sung by grassroots in Jamaica, expressing their dissatisfaction and ridicule of social injustice through songs.

"calypso" and "Reggae" are outstanding creations of people in the Caribbean, and they are also one of the representatives of African-American music in Latin America. They have spread to America and all over the world. In a word, the characteristics of American and African music in Latin America can be summarized as follows: there are many seven-tone scales, rhythm plays a major role in music, and the rhythm is strong and complex. There are many points, many lines and many rhythms. The range of the song is not wide, and there are many echo songs led by one person, and there are many multi-voice factors. The structure of this article is not square enough. They prefer deep vocal timbre, attach great importance to percussion instruments, especially drums, have the habit of improvisation, and the mood and atmosphere of music are more positive and optimistic.

In addition, like African music, American and African music also has strong social attributes (closely related to religious sacrifices and social life) and self-entertainment (mainly non-professional creation and performance). 1980 The audience who watched Trinidad and Tobago's All-Star Steel Drum Band perform "Carripso" in Beijing all remember that when the actors played this carnival music on the stage, they got carried away and danced as if they had entered another state of mind, which was surprising and interesting.