The Style and Characteristics of Lusheng Dance of Miao Nationality

Lusheng dance, from music to dance, contains a slow and sad mood. For example. Dance clips and movements such as exploring the road, going to the beach and looking at home are said to reproduce the scene of Miao people marching on muddy roads with heavy loads, riding on the back of cattle and looking backwards at their hometown, watching whether their compatriots behind them catch up with the fleeing team and remembering those who died because of crossing the river. Dance gives people a solemn and sad feeling with difficult movements and plaintive sheng sound. It seems to be a kind of historical recollection, and it seems to show people a vivid historical picture.

Sheng dance takes the exploration step as the basic step. The Pathfinder lifts his left foot to the left, draws a small semicircle on the ground, leans his right foot to the left, moves laterally to the left, leans his right foot slightly to the right, and makes symmetrical movements with his right foot. In this way, just like other dances in Miao Hua, such as flute and bamboo dance, it moves horizontally from left to right, and has its own strong national characteristics.

Lusheng dance, in addition to some simple movements such as exploring the road and stepping on the waves, also has some difficult and high-skilled movements and combinations such as kneeling, bending over on the bench, rolling the ground, lifting your legs to the sky and looking at your hometown. To complete a group of Lusheng dances, dancers must have some kung fu and physical strength. Therefore, Lusheng dance is very popular among teenagers and some middle-aged people, and the elderly have gradually withdrawn from the ranks of dancers because of their age. Therefore, Lusheng dance is not like a flute tune, regardless of age, it can dance to music.

Take the most popular self-entertainment Lusheng dance as an example. You can dance all year round, especially during the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, dancers like to play lusheng to a family to ask for partners, and dance lusheng at the door of that family. One is to seek company, and the other is to pay a New Year call to the family. If a family doesn't have a New Year's Eve dinner, the host family will invite the guests to have a New Year's Eve dinner with his family. If the guest refuses repeatedly, the host will blackmail the guest with a few pieces of fat meat. If the guests can't eat it at that time, the host will put the meat in the gourd at the top of Lusheng. After dinner at the host's house, dancers should bring their own musical instruments, put on holiday costumes and jump to another house with the date. By the time the whole village has finished running, the people in the jump team have already accounted for most of the village. Finally, all the dancers gathered in the village stadium, ichalky, until dawn.

Lusheng is an ancient musical instrument of Miao nationality, and Miao people must play Lusheng with dance. Lusheng dance is surrounded by dozens or even dozens of Lusheng hands dressed in costumes, dancing while blowing, also known as "stepping on the hall dance", which is the most popular and widely distributed folk dance of southern ethnic minorities. Lusheng dance has a history of more than 2000 years, and it is a precious artistic wealth of Miao people. The wise Miao family has continuously enriched and developed the connotation of Lusheng in the inheritance. With the gradual strengthening of the awareness of the protection of intangible cultural heritage, this ancient art form continues to glow with new vitality.

Lusheng dance types

The first kind of mass Lusheng dance is called "Juegei" in Miao language. Whenever festivals come, people go to Lusheng Field to dance Lusheng Dance. Lusheng dance is accompanied by a huge Lusheng team, or led by Lusheng team, and the masses dance in circles around Lusheng team. This Lusheng dance is for everyone, men, women and children. The dance movements are relatively simple and change with the music played by Lusheng. With the dance of Miao girls, the silver ornaments she wears will make a sweet sound and have a strong Miao style.

The second kind is Lusheng dance for performance, which is called "casting Biebusch" in Miao language. This Lusheng dance is a male competitive dance, which is usually held on traditional festivals. Dance music is lively, rhythmic and high in technology. Lusheng experts in most villages can take part in the competition.

Third, the custom Lusheng dance is a way for young men and women to express their love. The girl tied one end of her embroidered ribbon to the lusheng of the boy she liked, and danced with the boy with the other end of the ribbon. Sometimes there are several girls with ribbons behind a young man, and the formation looks smug. Some young men are empty behind them, which is very interesting.

Lushengwu Jinjiwu

Reporting area or unit: Danzhai County, Guizhou Province

Golden rooster dance is the main dance form in ancestor worship activities held by Miao people every twelve years. In the process of folk weddings, welcoming etiquette and young men and women jumping on the moon, golden rooster dances are often performed. Golden pheasant partner Lu Sheng. During the performance, many women were towering into the sky, wearing golden rooster and silver ornaments, embroidered ultra-short pleated skirts, a full set of silver collar bracelets and embroidered shoes, dressed like beautiful golden roosters.

The folk golden pheasant dance mainly plays four kinds of lusheng with different specifications, such as extra large, large, medium and small, and plays a multi-tone mixed song with low, medium, high and extra high. Its rhythm is orderly, cheerful and smooth, and its sound quality is euphemistic and melodious, just like the sound of running water in the mountains. Miao language calls it GiX LaL, which means flowing water and unrestrained nature. The Lusheng tune of the folk Golden Rooster Dance is rich, with more than 100 pieces of music, which is light, smooth and beautiful to play. When dancing, young men (ranging from 35 to 20 and 30 years old) play lusheng before the dance, and young women (mainly girls and middle-aged women, old people in their 70s and 80s and children in their 60s can participate at will) form a long snake team and dance in a circle counterclockwise. Dancing with the changes of Lusheng tunes and dance steps, the dance steps sometimes move slowly, sometimes turn counterclockwise, sometimes back and forth, sometimes dance back and forth. There are three, four and seven steps in dance movements, mainly four steps and six turns. More leg movements, less upper limb movements, and natural shaking of waist and knees are the basic characteristics of dance. According to the rhythm of Lusheng melody, the feet are transformed into graceful postures, and the hands swing slightly outward, and the golden pheasant silver ornaments on the woman's head are eager to fly.

Take the four-step dance for example. Take the left foot as the first step, the left foot takes a step to the left, the right foot moves closer to the left, then the right foot moves closer to the right, and the left foot moves closer to the right foot. Then it's your turn to step left with your left foot and follow with your right foot. After repeating it four times, it is changed to jump six steps and turn clockwise (turn 180 degrees). So back and forth, gradually turn around and move laterally. Every step, the knees naturally move forward at the same time, just like dragonflies; The hands on both sides naturally let go and sway leisurely. When there are many people, Lusheng hands dance in a circle in the middle, and women dance in a circle in the periphery. Lusheng music of folk golden pheasant dance is light and smooth, beautiful and beautiful, with rich tunes, with more than 100. 1958, the book "Miao Lusheng" edited and published by He Yun, Jian Qihua and Zhang Shuzhen of the Central Conservatory of Music included the golden pheasant dance music played by Lusheng players in Mamiao Village, Paidiao Town, Danzhai County, and was known as the hometown of Lusheng music.

Lusheng martial arts drum dragon drum tiger-Changshanlong

Reporting area or unit: Guiding County, Guizhou Province

The Miao people in Gusa Village have worshipped dragons since ancient times. Dragons can call the wind and rain, dragons can make good weather and good crops. Hard-working and brave Miao people celebrate the harvest and express their love by singing and dancing every harvest season, and dress themselves up as Jackie Chan, wearing a black gown, a dragon-faced fighting totem on the top of their heads, a pheasant feather, a red silver belt in their mouth, and a thick reed pipe in their hands, blowing and jumping. Accompanied by the smooth Lusheng melody, silver ornaments sparkle and jingle in the sun. Dances such as Dragon Fight, Spitting Water and Out of the Hole are full of praise for their quaint charm, sincere feelings, firmness and flexibility.

The Lusheng dance of the Miao nationality, Changshanlong, is only performed in funerals and rituals of offering sacrifices to gods in rural areas. Now it is performed in major festivals, gatherings, weddings, building houses, jumping on the moon and other traditional ethnic activities. When this dance is used in funerals, it is performed at the front of the funeral procession; When it is used to worship village gods, it is carried out on the first day of February in the solar calendar when cattle are killed and ancestors are trampled to death; When used in vertical houses, it is often carried out when stepping on the foundation of the house; When used for jumping on the moon, it is often carried out in the jumping activities from the first day of the first month to the thirtieth day of the first month.

kind

Lusheng dance of Changshanlong Miao nationality is a man's duet, foursome dance and group dance. The dancer wore a black gown, two pheasant feathers on her head, a dragon horn totem on her head, a mouthpiece on her mouth, a red and silver belt, and a reed in her hand, blowing and dancing. Accompanied by the smooth melody of Lusheng, they danced the dragon fighting horn, dragon spitting water, dragon coming out of the hole, dragonfly arm, lotus flower and worship. Lusheng Dance of Miao nationality in Changshanlong has a harmonious and beautiful dance style, combining rigidity with softness, simple charm and sincere feelings. The dance is like a dragon, the fan is amazing, the dance is smooth and flexible. Dragon-like, dragon-like image and dragon-like dynamics reflect a deep and quaint charm.

This kind of dance accompaniment instrument is rich and long, with deep and rich voice, distinct music rhythm, close combination of dance movements and music, harmonious and smooth, and natural and unrestrained, which shows the unique style of Miao Lusheng dance. Dance is divided into three sections, the first section indicates the appearance of dragons; The second section shows that the dragon leaps and the tiger leaps; In the third quarter, the dragon robbed the treasure.

Lusheng dances mangosteen.

Reporting area or unit: Nayong County, Guizhou Province

Mangosteen is a Miao folk dance that integrates Lusheng performance, dance performance and acrobatics. Rolling mountain beads is a cheerful Lusheng dance, which imitates the local pheasant (a kind of pheasant) in mountainous areas, so its skills and body shape are very realistic. The performer wears a tail hat (the symbol of rooster) or a red hat (the symbol of female rooster) and dances while playing lusheng, which is obviously a symbol of life. On the stage, techniques such as sole, handstand, kneeling step, and acupoints will always arouse the cheers of the audience, especially the unique skill of rolling mountain beads (also called knife cluster rolling).

In the past, the movement of earthworms rolling the warp was simple, simple and naive, mainly to reproduce the process of young people conquering nature in those days, and everyone could perform it. During the performance, six wooden darts with a length of about 20 cm are inserted into the ground to form a circle with a diameter of about 0.7 meters, or six opposite rice bowls are used to form a circle instead of darts. Performers must play with reeds while jumping around darts or water bowls, and the water in the bowls cannot be poured out. The performance was extremely difficult and thrilling. In the long-term evolution process, people gradually integrate some vivid skills in production and life into Lusheng dance, and constantly improve and perfect it.

In the long-term development process, the ball gradually integrates various skills and is constantly improved. By 1989, Lusheng dance had developed from a solo performance to a dance performed by six to eight people at the same time. The performers hold six reeds, wear feather hats and embroidered white robes, play lusheng dance music handed down from generation to generation, dance around darts or bowls filled with water, and sometimes take their heads as their feet. The difficulty of using Lusheng dance steps and techniques increases with the performance process, which shows the thrilling scene that Miao compatriots are fearless, brave and overcome all difficulties in the migration process.