Science and technology thesis ideas

Beginning in the middle of the 20th century, some developed countries have realized that the competition for comprehensive national power has been concentrated in the field of innovation, and the transformation of scientific and technological innovation results as well as the industrialization of high and new technology is recognized as the key to competition. Governments have formulated new innovation support policies and embarked on the road of innovative development. At present, China is far from the advanced countries in the world in terms of innovation. Hong Kong "Economic Herald" has published scholars Cold Mountain's article pointed out that China is known as the "world's factory", the total manufacturing economy accounted for 6% of the world, but the R & D investment only accounted for the world's 0.3% in the field of manufacturing technology, China's patent invention only the United States, Japan's one-thirtieth of the number of South Korea's fortieth of the number of patent inventions. In the academic world, China's scientific and technological innovation is also far behind the developed countries, the Nobel Prize by the European and American scientists dominate the world, so far, no Chinese scientists to pick the laurels. Innovation, not only need an open mind, smart intelligence, but also a favorable environment. The author tries to discuss the reasons for the lack of innovation in China from the perspective of a college student from two aspects. I. History, culture and social environment 1. History, culture and political influence. Qin's autocracy needless to say, the Han is the beginning of the "depose the hundred schools, exclusive respect for Confucianism," the beginning. Since then, Confucian culture has dominated the Chinese land. First of all, the idea of "grand unification" of Confucian culture has influenced our innovative thinking. The "Great Unification" emphasizes the high degree of political and cultural unity of the country. Its positive significance is that it emphasizes the collective consciousness, but it obliterates the individual's subjective consciousness and will. The influence of "grand unification" on education is mainly manifested in the fact that the education sector often pursues ready-made conclusions or finished products of knowledge, showing a monistic value orientation at the same time, Confucianism advocates the "way of the middle ground" also restricts our innovative thinking. The "middle way" is based on the premise of harmony and unity, and emphasizes that the development of both people and things should be moderate and within appropriate limits, without the problems of "too much" and "too little". 2. Academic tradition. Since ancient times, China is a country that does not pay attention to innovation, ancient scholars even if there is innovation is to take the so-called "six scriptures note me" method, that is, the creation of my own views through the introduction of the classics of the method of expression, most of the ancient Chinese academic works are to take this form, such as the "On the balance of", "Wenxin DiaoLong" and so on. In the "six scriptures note me" outside, there is a more called "I note six scriptures" academic writings method, that is, my insights are completely on the classics on the annotation, typical is the "water scripture note". This academic tradition has had an immeasurable impact on scholars and the general public. Yan Fu once said, "Eastern learning is characterized by erudition, while Western learning is characterized by innovation. The starting point of everyone's fondness for Mr. Qian Zhongshu may be his erudition rather than the number of major innovations he has put forward." This kind of "Six Classics Note on Me" and "I Note on Six Classics" method of writings continued endlessly and finally developed to the extreme in the second half of the last century and before the 1980s, when Chinese academic writings and discussion articles often did not discuss the right or wrong of the theories themselves and did not elaborate on their own ideas, but rather competed with each other to see who was the best. During that period, Chinese academic writings and discussion articles often did not discuss the right or wrong of the theory itself, nor did they elaborate on their own ideas, but rather who understood Marx's or Lenin's ideas more accurately, or discussed whether Marx's views in the early part of the period or in the later part of the period were more in line with Marxism. Has the continuation of such a style of learning affected Chinese academic innovation to a greater or lesser extent? Has it led to a lack of creativity among Chinese scholars and an overall low level of academic ability? I think there is certainly an intrinsic connection. 3. Educational tradition and current situation. The most prominent phenomenon of "mediocrity" in education is that teachers favor students who are obedient and follow the rules, and suppress students who speak out of turn and think differently, trying to transform them into standard parts that meet the norms. I wonder how many talented young people have been stifled by such norms? Talented people with innovative thinking are often whimsical, such as American scientists are encouraged to think differently from the norm, and to encourage their innovative spirit and challenge various assumptions. At the primary and secondary school levels, the United States ranks only 28th or 30th in the world, but in the Nobel Prize rankings the United States is the world's first and will remain so for many years to come. The lack of innovative spirit among students is also determined by our existing education system. Under the current education system, the only indicator of the level of school operation is the promotion rate. Leaders, teachers and students are all under the baton of the college entrance examination, all the work of the school is to improve the rate of advancement, the pursuit of test scores has reached a crazy situation, rote memorization has become the magic weapon to get high scores. Although China's secondary school students in the international olympiad frequently won awards, but that is also the result of a large number of difficult exercises; in fact, the contestants' innovative thinking has not sublimated, not the formation of a truly innovative spirit and innovative thinking. The lack of innovative spirit of primary and secondary school students fundamentally restricts the innovation and development of Chinese science and technology.4. Scientific research culture. Wu Youshou, a professor at Tsinghua University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believes that "we have formed a kind of 'principle of not allowing failure' in our scientific and technological environment." Researchers are afraid of failure , failure means that the researcher evaluation, research funding and many other aspects will be affected, the researchers will also have a huge psychological pressure. The spirit of innovation is an important prerequisite for obtaining scientific results, do not dare to innovate, do not dare to try naturally no new ideas, new results; at the same time, in the scientific community is also filled with a wave of eagerness to achieve quick success and instant profits, can not take the pains, are not willing to be lonely, and can not be set their minds to do well in the field of science. This aspect is closely related to the national policy orientation. Second, China's innovation and environmental status 1. The level of scientific research and innovation is not high. China is still using cheap labor, resource consumption and preferential policies to win the competitive advantage in the world, but in terms of originality and self-sufficiency in key technologies, it is dwarfed. According to the relevant data, China's scientific and technological innovation capacity only ranks 28th among 49 major countries in the world. There is still a big gap between the R&D level and that of advanced countries, and the proportion of actual investment in GDP is only 1.15%, which is one-third of that of the United States and Germany, and one-half of that of South Korea; there are also some deficiencies in the scientific research system. For example, the current domestic scientific research funding, please, must be achieved in three or five years, which is also one of the main causes of the domestic academic world of the wind of quick success and quick profit. 2. The status quo of enterprise innovation is worrying. Relevant data show that at present 71% of large and medium-sized enterprises have no technology development organizations, and two thirds of them do not carry out technology development activities. In particular, more than 80% of the strategically important high-tech products such as aviation equipment, precision instruments, medical equipment and engineering machinery, which are urgently needed in China, are still dependent on imports; and the ability of some state-owned enterprises and powerful private enterprises to digest and absorb the imported technology and to innovate for the second time is obviously insufficient. In recent years, China's annual formation of fixed assets of trillions of dollars of investment in equipment, more than 60% is the introduction of. And the structure of the introduction of technology is extremely unreasonable. China's large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, the total amount of funds for the introduction of technology and the ratio of funds for digestion and absorption is 1:0.06, while South Korea, Japan enterprises reached 1:5 to 1:8. China's industrial enterprises in the technology warehouse 0 new into the "introduction of a backward again and again the introduction of a backward again and again," the circle. 3. The situation of intellectual property rights is not optimistic. Invented the world's first VCD in Anhui Wan Yan for not applying for a patent for invention has disappeared from the market and China's DVD manufacturers are forced to pay 3 billion yuan a year to foreign manufacturers of royalties; due to the protection of patents, Philips small razor can be sold for thousands of dollars in China, a razor's profit can be compared to a few sets of domestic color TV; domestic imitation of the trend of the new product soon after the introduction of similar products are flying all over the place, the root cause of the problem is not a good idea, and the situation is not encouraging. In the final analysis, or due to China's intellectual property protection system is not perfect. 3. Government functions and administrative monopoly need to be improved. The local government management institutions behavior is not standardized, role mismatch, lack of policy continuity; government functions set itself with the color of the planned economic system, accustomed to the public sector of the economy as the object of the service, has not yet been fully established to perform for the whole society mixed ownership and private enterprise services management functions; support for private enterprise innovation policy is also a variety of different, confusing and even contradictory policies. This state of affairs is difficult to form an organic and benign interactive relationship between the government and the private economy, the transparency, fairness, relevance of the policy and its degree of implementation is therefore greatly reduced. China's current stage of monopoly is basically an administrative monopoly, the monopoly industry without effort or less effort to obtain benefits and thus lose the incentive to innovation. Third, efforts to build an innovative country 1. education and scientific and technological innovation. First and foremost is to reform the existing education system, promote the innovation of education concept, education content, education method, education means, education mechanism and education system to build a diversified and flexible learning system, to construct a lifelong education system and to create a learning society; secondly, to increase the investment of funds, especially in basic research, and to encourage diversified investment in original research investment mechanism; thirdly, to reform the personnel system, and to establish an effective incentive mechanism; thirdly, to reform the personnel system, and to establish an effective incentive mechanism. Personnel system, the establishment of an effective incentive mechanism and fair competition order with long-term support policies for the return of talent and growth to create an excellent environment. 2. Enterprise innovation. First of all, accelerate the construction of modern enterprise system, especially the owner in place to protect the returns of investors, etc.; to introduce the Anti-Monopoly Law as soon as possible, to break the monopoly of industry and industry monopoly, especially administrative monopoly, so that more enterprises of different ownership into the monopoly field, through the competition and openness to promote innovation; through the organization of the elimination (that is, the government with economic policy regulation and control of mandatory closure of backward enterprises) to achieve technological innovation. . The essence of market competition is not only a kind of product elimination, the key is still to realize the elimination of organization. There is no organization of the elimination, in fact, the development of industry, the maintenance of the competitive order and the promotion of technological innovation of state-owned enterprises will have a very negative impact. Secondly, the government should vigorously promote. The government should open up a variety of channels to increase investment in technological innovation, increase the proportion of R & D expenses to GDP (should reach the level of about half of the developed countries is appropriate); strengthen the policy guidance of technological innovation of enterprises, focusing on support for a number of key technological development plays an important role in the development of the industry and industrial upgrading, and gradually guide enterprises to strengthen the mechanism of technological innovation in the construction. Third, vigorously improve the intellectual property protection system. We need to implement the intellectual property development strategy from the international, national, local, industry and enterprise levels, the establishment of patent early warning mechanism, enterprises should be more independent innovation of intellectual property rights to build their core competitiveness. As early as in 1993, Richard Nelson, a professor of Columbia University in the U.S., joined hands with more than 20 scholars and experts to carry out a study named "Comparison of National Innovation Systems", and concluded that "the national infrastructure, laws, financial institutions, financial policies, trade policies and macroeconomic environment will mainly affect the innovation activities. The macroeconomic environment will mainly affect innovation activities, and this is the long term.

I hope this helps.