Northeast drums: the art and culture of the pit head

Northeast drums are mainly popular in our Northeast China region of a kind of music and art drum book, because at one time prevalent in Shenyang. Northeast drums into some of the Beijing opera and Northeast folk singing, a long, long book as the main content. So, everyone for the pit head of art and culture "Northeast Drum" whether to understand it?

Next, let us together from the perspective of Liaoning culture to learn to learn it!

The history of the Northeast Drum

The origin of the Northeast Drum has two sayings: one says that during the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty Beijing string book artist Huang Fuchen came to Shenyang to dedicate, absorbing the evolution of the local folk songs and ditties; the second says that during the Qing dynasty Daoguang, Xianfeng years, Liao Xi "Tun Tai Drum" artists to dedicate to the city, the development of Fengtian Tai Drum. Northeast drum singing is in the string book, Zidi book on the basis of the absorption of reference to the Leiting drums, Beijing Yun drums and the gradual formation of the two people turn. According to reports, in the last century around the 1930s, the northeast drum development to its heyday, in Shenyang's teahouse, the North Market, Xiaoheyan and other places, you can hear the northeast drum everywhere. At that time, Zhang Zuolin loved to listen to the famous artist Huo Shutang singing Northeast drums.

Performance Forms of Northeast Drums

The performance forms of Northeast Drums are mostly performed by one actor, who hits the drums and boards by himself, accompanied by an orchestra of one to several people. The main accompaniment is the three-stringed instrument, and there are also the four-stringed hu, pipa, yangqin and so on. The actor's own drum, also known as the book drum, is flat and round in shape, with both sides covered with skin, placed on a drum frame and struck with a drum arrow (made of bamboo). There are two kinds of boards, one consists of two wooden boards: one consists of two half-moon shaped copper or steel pieces, commonly known as "mandarin ducks board". The musical structure of the Northeast Drums is a plate cavity, and the basic form of the lyrics is a 7-word sentence with up and down phrases. The basic form of the lyrics is a seven-word phrase with up and down lines. There are big mouth slow boards, small mouth slow boards, two-six boards, fast boards, loose boards, and so on. In addition, there are sad tune, Xicheng tune, timid mouth tune and other ditties for its auxiliary singing.

Schools of Northeast Drums

The Northeast Drums have been passed down for a long time, and with the different regions, customs and people, different styles of drums have been formed. Shenyang as the axis of the "Feng tone" singing voice beautiful lyric, suitable for singing the "Dream of the Red Chamber" and other story repertoire; Yingkou, Gaixian, Xiuyan, Haicheng as the axis of the "South City tone" singing voice impassioned, suitable for singing the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and other stories of iron horses and jinjiao class repertoire; Jinzhou as the axis of the "South City tone" singing voice impassioned, suitable for singing the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and other stories of iron horses and jinjiao class The "West Town Tunes" centered on Jinzhou have a mournful and low tone, suitable for the repertoire of "Meng Jiangnu's Husband Hunt" and other tragic stories; the "East Town Tunes" centered on Jilin and the "Jiangbei Tunes" (also known as the "Jiangbei Tunes") popularized in Heilongjiang are also popular.

The Northeast China's most popular music is the "East City Tune" and the "Jiangbei Tune" popularized in Heilongjiang.

The traditional repertoire of the Northeast Drums

The traditional repertoire of the Northeast Drums is about 200 segments, and about 150 segments exist today, which can be divided into three categories: Zidishu segments are mostly based on novels and popular operas of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the lyrics are elegant and literary, and a few of them reflect the reality of life in the Qing Dynasty; the Three Kingdoms segments are written about Liu Bei, Zhu Geliang, and the five tiger generals of Guan, Zhang, Zhao, Ma and Huang; the grass segments are folk music, which are the most popular and the most popular of all. The repertoire; grass section is a folk artist compilation of popular singing, a wide range of subjects. After the liberation of a large number of modern repertoire, such as "Yang Jingyu swinging pocket formation", "thatched cottage spring" and so on.

In recent years, with the continuous development and growth of Liaoning culture, cultural forms of modernization and diversification and other characteristics, the audience of the Northeast drums a large number of transfers, inheritance and performance encountered serious difficulties, the survival of the crisis, in this situation, the protection and development of the Northeast drums has become urgent. At present, Shenyang City has carried out a census to collect information in kind, compiling a series of books and other work to protect the endangered Northeast drum art. May 20, 2006, the Northeast drum by the approval of the inclusion of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.