The main features of non-traditional security threats are diversity and interactivity. What else is there?

The process of economic globalization has begun, especially since 1980s, especially since 1990s, the process of world economic globalization has been greatly accelerated. Economic globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of resources and production factors in the world, the global flow of capital and products, the global expansion of science and technology, the economic development of underdeveloped areas, the performance of human development and progress, and the inevitable result of world economic development. But it is a double-edged sword for every country, which is both an opportunity and a challenge. Especially for developing countries with weak economic strength and relatively backward technology, the risks and challenges will be more severe in the face of fierce global competition. At present, the urgent problem to be solved in economic globalization is to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of competition. Economic globalization refers to the globalization of trade, investment, finance, production and other activities, that is, the best coordination of survival factors on a global scale. Fundamentally speaking, it is the product of highly developed productive forces and international division of labor, which requires further crossing the boundaries between countries and nations. Since entering the 2 1 century, economic globalization and the in-depth development of multinational corporations have not only brought great impetus to world trade, but also brought many uncertain factors to the economic and trade of various countries, resulting in many new features and new contradictions. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study and understand this problem. Economic globalization is the product of the development of world economy and science and technology, which meets the requirements of further development of productive forces to a certain extent and promotes the rapid development of national economies. But it also brings great risks to the development of the world economy. From the positive role of economic globalization, it is conducive to the optimal allocation of production factors and the rational use of a country's economic operation. No matter how efficient it is, it is always limited by its own resources and market. Only by integrating global resources and markets can a country's economy get rid of the constraints of resources and markets to the maximum extent under the current conditions. Economic globalization can achieve production under the most favorable conditions and sales in the most favorable market, achieve the optimal state of world economic development, improve economic efficiency, and make goods more in line with the needs of consumers. It promotes the development of international division of labor and the improvement of international competitiveness. Economic globalization has promoted the continuous expansion of world market and regional unity and deepened the international division of labor. Countries can give full play to their own advantages, engage in the production of products that can obtain the greatest comparative advantage, expand the scale of production, and realize economies of scale. Economic globalization can promote industrial transfer and accelerate the flow of production factors such as capital and technology; It can make up for the shortage of capital, technology and other factors of production in various countries, actively participate in international market competition, quickly realize industrial evolution and system innovation, improve management, increase labor productivity, actively develop new products, and improve their international competitiveness. It has promoted the rational optimization of economic structure, promoted the rational optimization of economic structure and greatly improved productivity. Under the condition of economic globalization, scientific and technological research and development within the scope of globalization have been realized, and modern science and technology have spread rapidly around the world. Modern scientific and technological innovation is worldwide, and the scientific and technological activities of any country must and can only be based on the existing scientific and technological achievements in the world. Due to the worldwide flow of science and technology brought by economic globalization, countries, especially developing countries, can import the advanced science and technology they need in the world with the help of "latecomer advantage" to promote scientific and technological progress, economic structure optimization and economic development. Economic globalization has promoted the development of multi-polarization of the world economy and made international economic relations more complicated. It makes the former state and regional relations develop into multipolar relations and global relations, promotes the development of international coordination and cooperation mechanisms to deal with these relations, and inevitably leads to the emergence of a series of global economic rules, which will make countries participating in the process of economic globalization cede or give up part of their sovereignty and form and abide by these economic rules. Therefore, in this sense, economic globalization is a process of institutional change, a process of mutual competition and integration. Promote the innovation and globalization of development model, optimize the global allocation of production factors such as production, resources, personnel, trade, investment and finance, reduce costs and improve efficiency. Multinational companies have developed into global companies with R&D and production and sales chains all over the world. Experience shows that the improvement of a country's economic openness is directly proportional to its per capita GDP growth. No matter how a country's development model is adjusted and changed, it is impossible to explore an advanced development model without considering globalization factors and taking advantage of globalization opportunities. Promote the integration of international interests, not only in the economic field, but also in other fields; Whether in the bilateral or multilateral fields. The economic interdependence between countries has gradually deepened, and the situation of common prosperity and common loss has begun to take shape. The closer the global economic chain is, the higher the dependence of a country's economic development on global economic development. In addition to national interests, * * * regional interests and global interests have increased significantly. The integration of interests is conducive to the improvement of national relations, the increase of coordination and cooperation between countries, and the emergence of different "volunteer alliances" formed for different interests. Hegemony, confrontation, adherence to group politics and cold war mentality are increasingly unpopular. Promote the expansion of security connotation. Security has expanded from traditional security field to non-traditional security field. Non-traditional security issues such as terrorism, economic security, environmental degradation, climate warming, epidemic spread, migration and transnational crime are increasingly threatening, involving a wide range of fields such as economy, people's livelihood, society and nature. Non-traditional security is mainly caused by unscientific human development and disharmony between development and society and nature, and its essence is development. Non-traditional security issues blur the boundary between security and development, increase the urgency of international security cooperation, challenge the dominant position of traditional security and ease the military confrontation between countries. For example, terrorism and climate change cannot be solved by any country alone, and the United States has to rely on the international community in many aspects in its fight against terrorism. For another example, the contradiction between the United States and Russia in missile defense is sharp, but on the whole, cooperation in the field of non-traditional security is smooth. Promoting the transfer of national sovereignty and globalization has promoted the development of international organizations. From 1990 to 1998 alone, the number of international organizations increased from 26,656 to 48,350, including more than 250 intergovernmental international organizations. Intergovernmental international organizations become the makers, supervisors and executors of global rules, managers of global problems and solvers of global disputes. In its Understanding on Dispute Settlement Rules and Procedures, the WTO comprehensively stipulated the implementation and supervision of WTO's political methods, legal methods, rulings and relief measures for trade disputes, and specially established the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). Indeed, the state is still the main actor of the international community, and national sovereignty is still the supreme right of the state. However, under the background of globalization, it is an indisputable fact that national sovereignty is increasingly transferred to intergovernmental international organizations. For example, transfer political, diplomatic and military rights to the United Nations and regional organizations, transfer economic rights to the WTO, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and global companies, and transfer social rights to other non-governmental international organizations. Globalization also urges a country's domestic rules to be as consistent as possible with international rules. Promoting the transformation of the international system The main characteristics of the current international system are: the West, especially the United States, is dominant, countries are nominally equal but unequal, the role of international organizations is limited, and hegemonism and "problem countries" are not effectively restricted. The current international system is getting weaker and weaker in dealing with the increasing global problems, and its adjustment, improvement and reform are the general trend. In the next few decades, a new international system may basically take shape, with its main characteristics: First, the world pattern is multipolar. Due to the revitalization of emerging powers and the vast number of developing countries, the balance of international power is changing, which is beneficial to how strong it is, rather than "overtaking", and to developing countries, rather than developed countries. It is expected that the imbalance between "one super" and "multi-strong" and between North and South will be finally solved. According to the prediction of international authoritative organizations, in 2020, the world's top 20 economic powers will be reshuffled, China will rank second in the world, Russia, India and Brazil will rank first 10, and some developing countries will rank first 20. The interests of the new poles, such as the United States, China, Europe, Japan, Russia, India and Brazil, have merged and become more interdependent, and the risks of sharp confrontation and total war have been reduced. Second, both western and non-western countries are dominant. In the future, with the gradual loss of America's "one-superpower" status and western power advantage, the dominant position of the west will be difficult to maintain, multipolar, western and non-western countries will jointly dominate the new international system, and the democratization of international relations will be developed. Third, the role of international organizations has increased. International organizations and international rules will be further enriched, improved and strengthened, and the constraints on big countries and "problem countries" will be strengthened. The fourth is the diversification of international governance. The increase of global issues will promote the diversification of international governance models, such as the combination and complementarity of national governance and global governance, the governance of big countries and small and medium-sized countries, and the governance of global international organizations and regional international organizations. The fifth is peaceful and gradual progress. In the past, the transformation of the international system was achieved through war. This time, the reform of the international system may be gradually completed through struggle, consultation and compromise between big countries and North and South countries while maintaining overall peace. Promote the progress of human civilization. On the basis of globalization, global issues, global interests and global governance, it is possible for human beings to form new values and new human civilization, break the dominant position of the West in human civilization and achieve a comprehensive transcendence of Western civilization. However, economic globalization is formed and developed under the condition that the unfair and unreasonable old international economic order has not been fundamentally changed. Western developed capitalist countries occupy the dominant position and absolute advantage in economic globalization, and the inherent nature and regular characteristics of capitalism will be fully reflected in economic globalization; The law of unbalanced development of capitalism will play a more prominent role, making the market competition and ethnic conflicts between countries more intense and sharp; A few big countries manipulate world economic affairs and repeatedly undermine the principle of equality and mutual benefit and international cooperation; Ethnic frictions, economic crises and political and economic shocks in some areas are also easy to spread and expand on a global scale, increasing the instability and uncertainty of international political economy.