Why Western civilization has modernized, historically and philosophically, preferably by comparing the differences between East and West.

Western civilization is broader, specifically Greece and those old capitalist countries (the US can be excluded).

This proposition is actually too big.

To say that the modernization of Western civilization, in fact, it is a natural process, the performance is the accumulation of one era after another, as Marx said the quantitative and qualitative changes, the reconciliation of productive forces and relations of production.

It began in the "Dark Ages", when Europe, through wars and other means of communication, continued to interact with each other, and at the same time to promote the development of each other's societies.

During the feudal era, Europe was much the same as the East, and there were no significant fundamental advances in society. Since the fundamental bourgeois revolutions in the Netherland, England and France after the development of commercial society to a certain extent, the social progress has been rapid. The political, economic, cultural and social aspects began to be fully perfected, and the modern (Western) social system was basically completed.

Then came the more important formalization of capitalism, marked by events such as the royals of various countries beginning to fund explorers in search of new continents and new sources of value. Of course there was the primitive accumulation phase of the enclosure movement and such to prepare the way. Then capitalism, backed by great power, skimmed the globe for resources such as manpower and materials, and established colonies overseas, while developing the paradigm of supporting puppet regimes and agents. Various countries would also fight among themselves for land and resources. At this point, the world pattern was basically determined.

If it were not for the foreign gunboats that sailed into the port of Tianjin and pushed their way to the imperial capital, the emperor of the Heavenly Kingdom would have been a centralized empire, with a centralized government in the center of heaven and earth, waiting for all the nations to come to the imperial court, and with a single ruler over all the four seas and all the eight wildernesses, all of them would have been my ministers. With the western dialectical unity of philosophy is very different, the philosophical thinking of the heavenly dynasty is and, heaven and earth, all things on earth, all human beings, all to heaven and earth only the highest state. In fact, it ignores the reality and the actual contradiction, and what is worse, the Eastern philosophical thinking does not provide the secular can be interpreted and then as a guide to the methodology.