Choose one from {Bronze Furniture of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Low Furniture Sitting on the Floor, Transitional Furniture, Song Dynasty Furniture, Ming Style Furniture and qing-style furniture} and ta

Choose one from {Bronze Furniture of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Low Furniture Sitting on the Floor, Transitional Furniture, Song Dynasty Furniture, Ming Style Furniture and qing-style furniture} and talk about your opinion. College students write papers, right?

Modern antique furniture is mostly Ming furniture. Please reprint Ming-style furniture for you from Baidu Encyclopedia ... Hehe.

The difference between Ming furniture and Ming furniture

Ming style furniture does not mean Ming style furniture.

Ming dynasty furniture

Ming-style furniture refers to furniture made in the Ming Dynasty. Ming dynasty furniture is a concept of time.

Hardwood Ming style furniture

Ming style furniture is an artistic concept. There is an essential difference between the two. Ming-style furniture is an artistic achievement formed by China in the Ming Dynasty, and is praised as a pearl of oriental art by the world. It enjoys a high reputation in the world furniture system. Mainly refers to the kind of high-quality furniture made of hardwood with exquisite design, excellent production and simple style. The achievements of Ming-style furniture in technology and plastic arts reached the highest level in the world at that time. Is an outstanding representative of China's wisdom. Style characteristics of Ming furniture

systems modelling

The shape is generous, the proportion is moderate, and the outline is simple and stretched.

structure

The structure is scientific and reasonable, the tenon and mortise are accurate and firm.

material

Good at selecting materials and ingredients, pay attention to the natural texture and color of wood itself.

craftsmanship

The carved red feet are handled properly.

decorate

Metal ornaments are beautifully shaped and soft in color, which plays a very good decorative role.

Advantages and disadvantages of this piece of Ming furniture

Regarding the style characteristics of Ming-style furniture, Mr. Wang has comprehensively analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of Ming-style furniture in two articles: The Product of Ming-style Furniture and the Disease of Ming-style Furniture.

Advantages of Ming furniture

The advantages of Ming-style furniture can be summarized into five groups and sixteen products. They are: the first group: concise, simple, heavy, dignified, majestic, round and solemn. The second group: Huanong, Wenqi and Yan Xiu. The third group: stiff and gentle. The fourth group: ethereal and exquisite. Group 5: Elegant and fresh.

Analysis on the Deficiency of Ming Style Furniture

In Ming-style furniture, it is not completely perfect, but there are also unsatisfactory and insufficient stools. Mr. Wang classified them as "eight diseases". They are: cumbersome, redundant, bloated, stagnant, slim, absurd, out of place and vulgar.

Edit the historical development of Ming-style furniture in this section.

Ming style furniture has no time limit.

Ming style furniture has no time limit. Not only the outstanding furniture in Ming Dynasty is called Ming-style furniture, but also the furniture in early Qing Dynasty still retains the style characteristics of Ming-style furniture. Later, even today, what we copied according to Ming style also belongs to Ming style furniture. Whether you are studying furniture or collecting and making classical furniture, you should read these two articles by Mr. Wang.

Generally speaking, it refers to China from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty.

Generally speaking, it refers to the high-quality hardwood furniture produced in China from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty (about AD15-17th century), mainly rosewood, rosewood, rosewood and catalpa. Because the production time was mainly in the Ming Dynasty, it was called "Ming Style". It was developed on the basis of furniture in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and made great breakthroughs in technology, modeling, materials and structure. Ming-style furniture has always been regarded as the peak in the history of ancient furniture in China and the model and representative of the national form of furniture in China. In the history of world furniture, it is also unique, self-contained and prominent. Beijing Hejun Mei Xin Furniture believes that Ming-style furniture has the characteristics of simple and generous modeling, simple structure, highlighting the natural texture of wood, not adding cumbersome decoration, and paying attention to practicality and beauty. Enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad.

Edit this paragraph to specify the furniture category.

It can be roughly divided into six categories according to the use function.

Sitting and lying class

There are benches, piers, chairs, etc

Bearing grade

There are several tables, boxes, etc.

Bedding class

There are beds, sofas, etc.

Juju class

There are boxes, boxes, boxes, cabinets, cupboards, etc.

Rack grade

There are washstand, mirror frame, clothes rack, etc.

Screen category

There are inkstone screens and kang screens.

Edit the manufacturing process of this piece of Ming furniture.

design

Design is the first process of Ming-style furniture making, which includes not only design modeling, but also furniture structure, carving patterns and so on. It all depends on the ingenuity of the designer.

Green car body manufacturing

Woodworking, that is, green production, in addition to the middle mechanical processing, there are four basic processes: marking, arranging, assembling and polishing.

incise

Carving should be carried out according to the designed pattern by shoveling the bottom, straightening the sideline, pulling flowers and carving patterns. , so as to achieve clear heels, vivid inlays, distinct layers and strong three-dimensional sense.

painter

Painters * * * have 16 procedures: blank-making, topcoat scraping, skin grinding and color making; Top glue paint, sand skin topcoat; Sand skin, paint; Top coat of sand-pushing blade; Sand-pushing blade; Wipe paint, etc. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, this production technique was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, and the declared city was Suzhou, Jiangsu Province.

Edit the difference between Ming furniture and imitation furniture in this paragraph.

Ming furniture:

Refers to China15-17th century furniture. In this historical period, whether it is high-grade hardwood furniture, folk firewood furniture or rich lacquer furniture, its structure, mortise and tenon structure, modeling, decorative techniques and pattern motif all have the same characteristics of the times. Although the feudal dynasty changed hands in this period, the furniture of this period as the research object is a unified whole and has not been separated because of the change of dynasties. Therefore, it is customary to call China15-17th century furniture "Ming furniture". Some comrades think that "Ming-style furniture generally refers to furniture made of high-quality hardwood such as rosewood, chicken wing wood and rosewood", which is not comprehensive. Because in the Ming dynasty, the wood used to make furniture was very extensive. In addition to hardwood, wood such as Phoebe bournei, Zelkova schneideriana, Korean pine, Chinese fir, Populus davidiana, willow, elm, etc. Often used. The relics handed down from ancient times are proof.

Imitation furniture:

Refers to modern furniture that is completely imitated according to the style, tenon and mortise and lacquer decoration of Ming furniture. In other words, imitation Ming furniture is a copy of Ming furniture. For example, a hardwood furniture factory copied a pair of new round-backed armchairs made of Ming Dynasty mahogany without any modification. The newly made round-backed armchairs are imitation round-backed armchairs. Some comrades call today's furniture with some Ming-style furniture factors "Ming-style furniture", which is also inappropriate. Because the term "Ming furniture" has a specific meaning and a certain historical connotation. In time, it refers to the furniture made in that era a hundred years ago; In space, it refers to the furniture that was popular in the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty during the feudal empire and spread all over urban and rural areas. This time and space factor endows any Ming-style furniture that has been passed down to this day with a kind of cultural relic value, which is valued and collected by people. The view that the modern hardwood furniture produced in Suzhou today is still "Ming-style furniture" obviously ignores the temporal and spatial characteristics of the special term "Ming-style furniture".

Edit the summary of Ming furniture materials in this paragraph.

Characteristics of Ming furniture materials

The iron grain is convex and concave with mane eyes, and the chicken wings are smooth and light in color. Huang Huali's meticulous painting is familiar. It looks like a face. The red wood grain is vivid and vivid, and the edge is scattered like ink. Red sandalwood cow hair and chicken blood are as bright as satin, and bread crumbs are sprayed with alcohol. Ebony has broken hemp lines for a long time, and mahogany has a sense of light. Beech is as hard as a thread, elm is yellow, and eyes are loose. Boxwood is hard and cypress is soft. You can check it with your fingers. Nanmu smells fragrant and has a quiet and sincere texture. Feeling is light and heavy, smelling and smelling, which can be distinguished by comparative observation.

Characteristics of Ming furniture materials

Hardwood Ming style furniture

This is a formula of furniture wood in Ming and Qing dynasties, which is based on various wood characteristics and my years of experience in collection and appraisal. If we only talk about Ming furniture, wood is more important. I think Ming-style furniture refers to excellent and typical Ming-style furniture made of Huang Huali, rosewood, rosewood, ebony, mahogany, catalpa and nanmu. Ming and early Qing dynasties (including the last years of Kangxi and the early years of Qianlong). As can be seen from the above formula, each kind of wood has different characteristics and uses. After dealing with furniture for so many years, I feel that every kind of wood has its own language. Here, we only talk about the five most famous kinds of wood, namely, Huang Huali, Tieli, Jiwing, Ebony and Rosewood.

Edit one of the Ming furniture materials in this paragraph: Huanghua pear.

Huang Huali was the first choice for furniture in Ming Dynasty. Very bookish, it is most suitable for study furniture. In line with the quiet and comfortable feeling pursued by literati.

The reason why people preferred Huang Huali in Ming Dynasty-color

There is a reason why people favored Huang Huali in Ming Dynasty. Jiangnan human settlements in Ming Dynasty. They are familiar with and miss Jiangnan, where the gray walls and tiles are laid. The climate there is humid, and houses are usually large and transparent. Beijing Hejun Mei Xin Furniture thinks that the furniture of Jiangnan people is also designed to adapt to such a living environment, which requires frequent movement and simple and light shape. The furniture material that ordinary people often use is usually bamboo. The old color of bamboo is deep orange yellow in Huang Huali. After Jiangnan people who are used to this color become rulers, ordinary bamboo and beech trees can hardly meet their requirements of pursuing noble and elegant temperament, while Huang Huali from Hainan is very suitable-Huang Huali is just a lovely dark orange after waxing, which looks smooth and high-grade, with hidden patterns and faint fragrance.

The reason why people preferred Huanghuali in Ming Dynasty-Expression

An era has a tendency to color. People in the Han Dynasty advocated black, people in the Ming Dynasty advocated yellow and people in the Qing Dynasty advocated white. Huang Huali, which advocated yellow in the Ming Dynasty, just adapted to the aesthetic orientation of the whole era at that time, and its origin was also very close, unlike rosewood and rosewood, which had to be imported into the Philippines and Myanmar. This material has a very good characteristic and good processability. No matter how big the tenon is, it will not crack or deform easily. Its color also meets the requirements of the times and exudes fragrance. Therefore, as the first choice of Ming dynasty furniture, it has its social and economic significance and is more regional.

Edit this paragraph to specify the second part of furniture materials: Tiemu.

Place of production

Tielimu also has its own language. Produced in Guangdong and Guangxi, Tieli should be written in ancient books, because it is produced in Li nationality area. It was brownish red when it was first made, and it was very black after waxing. It was as black as iron, so an iron word was added.

characteristic

Iron wood has a large diameter, with a diameter of 1 m and a length of several feet. For example, the mast of Zheng He's voyage to the West was made of iron wood. It is also a good building material, just like reinforced concrete, with considerable strength. Beijing Hejun Mei Xin Furniture believes that many accessories of Huang Huali furniture in Ming Dynasty are made of iron wood, such as wooden strips supporting the desktop, so that the furniture will not be tilted all year round; There is also a rattan bed, which has great contractility and needs iron wood support. The texture of iron pear wood is particularly rough and not suitable for fine ornamentation. It is only suitable for a wide range of large line carving. The iron furniture handed down from generation to generation is thick-legged and thick-plate, which gives people a strong and rich feeling. Iron wood grain, like flowing water, is antique with a little use, so the ancients often used it to make ancient temple utensils, such as memorial archways, incense sticks and long tables in front of ancestral temples.

Edit the second piece of Ming furniture material in this paragraph: chicken wing wood.

Place of production

Chicken wing wood recorded in the working archives of Yuanmingyuan Construction Institute is a kind of particularly precious wood, which is hard to obtain. The number of wingwood used in Yuanmingyuan is less than that of Zishan and Huanghua pear. Beijing Hejun Mei Xin Furniture thinks that this kind of wood was seldom used in Ming Dynasty. When Mr. Wang wrote "Treasures of Furniture Collection in Ming Dynasty", he did not find out its source, only said that it might come from Fujian. It has a nickname called red bean wood, also called acacia wood.

characteristic

Chicken wing wood is polished and looks like iron wood, but it has no brown eyes. Therefore, it not only has the flowing texture of iron wood, but also has a very delicate and shiny surface. Beijing Hejun Xinmei Furniture thinks it is suitable for making exquisite and elegant palace furniture, with boxwood and ivory as the backing, which is very decorative. In recent years, it has been found that the output of this kind of wood in tropical rain forest is relatively large and the price is not high. In this situation, the price of ancient chicken wing wood furniture has also been pulled down. In fact, chicken wing wood furniture was very valuable in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, giving people a decorative, elegant and fresh feeling.