Economy of Shaoxing

Before the Tang Dynasty, Huiji had been the political, economic and cultural center of Zhejiang. The quality and output of Yue bronze swords produced in the territory, bronze mirrors from the Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, ceramics and tea from the Tang Dynasty and thereafter, silk, famous since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Shaoxing yellow wine, which came into its heyday in the Southern Song Dynasty, were all famous at home and abroad. Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing thirty-two years (1162), Shaoxing Province, the total output of tea amounted to more than 385,000 pounds ("Song will be drafted"). At the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, Pingshui Town gradually became an important tea distribution center in East Zhejiang Province. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, about 8.8 million pounds of tea were shipped to foreign countries and 1.8 million pounds were shipped to domestic countries from Pingshui Town every year ("Report Book of Huiji County Persuasion"). During the same period, the annual brewing of Shaoxing yellow wine amounted to 300,000 tanks, counting 3 million altars (about 75,000 tons). During the period of the Republic of China, there were internal and external troubles, natural and man-made disasters, production stagnation, and people's livelihood withered. According to "China Industrial Journal" records, 21 years (1932), shaoxing, shangyu, shengxian, xinchang, zhuji 5 counties tea production was only 167,100 quintals, shaoxing yellow wine 1.08 million altars (about 270,000 tons), cocoons 139,300 quintals, pig rearing capacity of 62,200 head, grain 106,422,000 pounds, of which shaoxing county 49,390,000 pounds. Shaoxing's large population, food can not be self-sufficient, every year from the Soviet Union, Anhui, Gan and the province of Jinhua, Lanxi, Jiande, Tonglu and so on about 200 million pounds. Industrial production is even weaker, to the then more developed Shaoxing County, for example: "mechanism of industry but flour, rice milling, electric lamps, silk stockings, four industries, * * * 12, 663 employees" (Republic of China in 38 years, "Shaoxing General Survey"); 6,798 handicrafts, 24,907 employees (203 employees in the number of breweries is not documented) ). The output of the main products is not recorded, and the number of exports: 3.2 million pieces of tin foil, Shaoxing wine 1,080,000 altars, 120,000 quintals of tea, 130,000 altars of fermented bean curd, all kinds of silk and satin (including the official yarn) 195,000 pi. According to "zhejiang economic yearbook" records, to the republic of 36 years, industrial and agricultural production further shrinkage, 5 counties grain production of only 775 million pounds, tea 84,000 quintals, wine 11,285 tons, tin foil 900,000 pieces, spring cocoon (acquisition) 8663 quintals. To the eve of liberation, shaoxing has fallen into production backwardness, depression, people's plight. 1949, the region's gross industrial and agricultural output value of 342 million yuan, the annual per capita only 153.4 yuan. Agricultural output value of 262 million yuan, accounting for 76.52%, 117.4 yuan per capita; industrial output value of 0.08 billion yuan, accounting for 23.48%, 36 yuan per capita. Total grain output of 485,400 tons, mu yield 114 kilograms, per capita 218 kilograms. Power generation 1 million kilowatt-hours, 12,600 tons of yellow wine, 436,000 meters of cotton cloth, 542,900 meters of silk satin, 78,700 pieces of daily-use ceramics.

Shaoxing belongs to the five counties (cities) all entered the national comprehensive economic strength of the top 100 counties. 2012 Shaoxing City, the industrial economy first suppressed and then rise, agricultural production steady growth, industrial added value of 173.8 billion yuan, an increase of 9.9% over the previous year, the realization of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries 27.9 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8%. Gross domestic product (GDP) reached 362 billion yuan, an increase of 9.7% over the previous year, and per capita GDP was 73,304 yuan, an increase of 9.4%. Residents' incomes also realized faster growth, with rural areas growing at a higher rate than cities and towns.

In 2012, Shaoxing City, effective investment in general stabilized, the completion of fixed asset investment of 172.3 billion yuan, an increase of 20.8% over the previous year, of which 88.1 billion yuan of industrial investment, an increase of 18.4% over the previous year, the total amount ranked first in the province. Infrastructure investment of 28.4 billion yuan, an increase of 17.9%. Social consumption is stable and rising, Shaoxing City **** to achieve total retail sales of consumer goods of 115.9 billion yuan, an increase of 15.1% over the previous year, the year's total tourism revenue of 50.6 billion yuan, receiving 49.35 million tourists.

In 2013, the city's GDP of 396.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%; public **** budget revenue of 29.3 billion yuan, an increase of 10.3%; fixed-asset investment of 200.2 billion yuan, an increase of 16.2%; total retail sales of consumer goods of 131.8 billion yuan, an increase of 13.8%; foreign trade exports of 27.9 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 9.2%; per capita disposable income of urban residents Income of 40,454 yuan per capita for urban residents and 19,618 yuan per capita for rural residents, up 9.6% and 10.8% respectively; consumer prices up 2%; urban registered unemployment rate of 2.9%; and natural population growth rate of 0.05%. The proportion of expenditure on research and experimental development to gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to be 2.1%. Among them, the increase in GDP was 0.5 percentage points lower than expected, and the increase in urban and rural residents' income was 0.4 and 0.2 percentage points lower than expected respectively. During the Neolithic period, the Yue people used bone ploughshares, wooden ploughshares and wooden hoes to engage in rice production, initiating the history of rice cultivation in the territory.

Summer Dynasty, "the people of the Daiyue seashore, the only bird (island) fields" ("Yue Jie Shu"), "with the land and the land and farming, or by the birds and deer and food" ("Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Annals"), reclamation of swampy plains and hills and dry land, planting rice, wheat and millet and other grain crops.

During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, King Goujian of Yue adopted the strategy of Fan Li and Ji Ni, who said, "The key to military service lies in the people, and the key to the people lies in the grain", and made the development of food production the basis of the country's strength. Grain crops were expanded to include common millet, millet, adzuki beans, rice and corn, wheat, soybeans and millet.　　During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the area under food cultivation was further expanded through the "reclamation of lake fields" (Song Shu - Kong Jigong Zhuan) and the emergence of a number of landowners' estates. In the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zhen in Yuezhou "ordered officials to teach the county people, winter reservoirs and ponds, spring storage of rainwater, summer irrigation of drought seedlings", a large number of development of grain land. Southern Song Dynasty, "mid-autumn planting wheat, spring planting eight grains", the variety of food increased. "Everywhere rice rice seedlings, home wheat on the field", the full implementation of wheat and rice two-maturing system and wheat fertilizer (alfalfa) crop rotation system, grain production further growth. During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty (1573-1619), corn and sweet potato were introduced; during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty (1736-1795), potato was introduced, and the dry grain developed rapidly.　　Republic of China, the grain sowing area expansion. 30s, the perennial grain sowing area of 4,911,900 mu, the total perennial grain production of 11,786,400 quintals, sowing area mu yield of 240 pounds. But "shaoxing population is large, grain production, although abundant, can not be self-sufficient, in the year of abundance and only half of the annual needs (supply), in the event of a bad year, it is two or three discounts" (Republic of China in 22 years of the Chinese Industrial Journal). 40 years, the early Japanese invasion of shaoxing, agricultural production suffered damage. 40 years, the late recovery of food production is slow. In 1949, 5 counties 2,765,800 acres of arable land, including 2,298,400 acres of paddy land, 4,251,800 acres of grain sown area, with a total output of 485,400 tons, the annual grain yield of 183 kilograms per acre, the sown area per acre yield of 114 kilograms.　　In the 1950s, the reform of the farming system as the center, the formation of three-maturing system as the main farming system. 1959, grain yield of 331 kilograms per acre, the total output of 865,800 tons, an increase of 78.34% over 1949. in the early 1960s, the advocacy of the higher the replanting index the better, planting the earlier the better, the denser the better, contrary to the laws of fertility of grain crops, resulting in a reduction in grain production. 1962 to 1966 From 1962 to 1966, Shaoxing County Donghu Farm carried out mass scientific experiments and practiced scientific farming, and created the experience of "good field, good system, good seed and good method", which was praised by Li Yanju, deputy director of Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture, as "the achievement of Donghu agronomic characteristics, which was unique in the national agricultural field". ".　　In the 80's, the rural economic system reform, agricultural technology graded training to the household, annual training of about 200,000 people, the level of scientific farming farmers to improve rapidly. 1990, to carry out the construction of tons of grain field project, 527,500 mu mu yield more than tons of grain, accounting for the first in the province; 76,000 tons of grain production, accounting for the province's total increase in production of more than one-fifth. Shaoxing City, grain land of 2,222,500,000 mu, grain sown area of 5,371,500 mu, with a total output of 1,862,000 tons, mu yield of 833 kilograms.　　Shaoxing city is mainly grain crops, cash crops, vegetable crops rich in content, varieties of comprehensive agricultural planting area, and is characterized by rice production, double-season rice as the main three-maturing system of the region, with the Shao Yu water network plains, Xin Sheng Basin, Sanjie - Zhangzhen Basin and Zhuji Basin, "four major grain silos ".

In 2012, Shaoxing city crops sown area of 4,946,900 mu, an increase of 0.9% over the previous year, of which grain crops sown area of 2,772,300 mu, an increase of 0.5%. Vegetables, hogs, tea, freshwater products, flowers and trees and other five characteristics of the leading industries total output value of 12.684 billion yuan, accounting for 56.2% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries in Shaoxing City. Agricultural leading enterprises to further develop and grow, shaoxing city has all kinds of agricultural leading enterprises at all levels 1,266, an increase of 58, of which more than 100 million yuan 64 enterprises, an increase of 9. To the end of the year, Shaoxing City, agricultural products **** there are 12 Chinese famous brand products, China's well-known trademarks 26, Zhejiang famous brand products 48, Zhejiang famous trademarks 65. Modern agriculture and green agricultural development has achieved greater results. 2010 there are 10 modern agricultural integrated area, 27 leading industries demonstration area and 39 characteristics of agricultural boutique garden was approved for inclusion in the provincial modern agriculture to create points. The area of new land contract management right transfer was 98,100 mu, totaling 890,700 mu. Newly developed 149 standardized farmers' professional cooperatives, totaling 1808. Shaoxing City **** establish all kinds of agricultural standardization demonstration area 165, demonstration and promotion area of 670,000 mu; certified pollution-free agricultural products 363, certified A-grade green food 53, identified pollution-free agricultural products origin 409, the development of pollution-free agricultural products origin area of 1.16 million acres, of which the new certification of pollution-free agricultural products 68, the new certification of green food 9 only. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were copper and tin mining, weapon casting, brewing, reeling, silk weaving, hemp weaving and ceramics industries in Vietnam. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the successful firing of mature celadon in the territory established the status of Huiji as the birthplace of celadon in China; the rapid improvement of the production process of bronze mirrors made Huiji become the center of mirror casting in the south of the Yangtze River, and reached its heyday in the Three Kingdoms period. Jin Dynasty, social stability and economic prosperity in the area of Huiji, paper making, ceramics industry to accelerate the development. In the Sui Dynasty, the silk fabrics of Yuezhou were listed as tribute. In the Tang Dynasty, Yuezhou produced Yue Luo, Hedian paper, Yue kiln celadon, famous for the dynasty. Yue kiln celadon with its "ice-like", "jade-like" texture, reached the peak of production. Song Dynasty, Shaoxing Province, pharmaceutical industry, food processing industry is increasingly prosperous, brewing industry is more famous, liquor stores all over the street, "Peng Lai Chun" and other famous wine reputation in Jiangnan. In the Ming Dynasty, a number of brewing and sauce garden workshops appeared in Shaoxing Province, and curd began to be sold overseas. During the Qing Dynasty, the number of breweries increased, the scale expanded, the highest annual output of yellow wine reached more than 70,000 tons, a number of large breweries have been in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hangzhou and other major cities to set up wholesale and retail business, and at the same time sold to Southeast Asian countries. Ping Shui Zhu tea with its excellent quality, a large number of processing exports to Europe, America and Southeast Asia. Shaoxing City, South Street and Huashe, Qixian and other rural towns produced official yarn, silk, satin, Shaoxing Keqiao Zhoujiaqiao area produced black and white paper fan, Xinchang, Sheng County craft bamboo weaving, etc., one after another sold abroad.

Shaoxing's modern industry began in the late Qing Dynasty. Guangxu 21 (1895), the use of machinery open source Yong silk factory in Huiji County, white rice weir (today's Zhongtang Township) opened for Zhejiang Province, one of the first modern industrial enterprises. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Shaoxing urban area Jin Hengfeng Iron Works, Jianxin Repair Machine Iron Works, Huaguang Electric Co., Ltd. and Zhuji and Sheng County small-scale thermal power plants, as well as the development of the machine rice milling, chemical industry, and printing industry, which was driven by the development of the Shaoxing area, laying the foundation of the modern industry, and prompted the transformation of the traditional industry and progress.

After the founding of the Chinese people's **** and the country, shaoxing area counties (cities) people's government on the one hand as soon as possible to restore production, on the other hand, one after another new shaoxing tea factory, xinhua printing, new dyeing and weaving factory, shaoxing wine factory, yunji brewery, shengxian new machinery repair factory, zhuji people's power plant, shangyu limin rice factory, xinchang county production relief hospital food processing plant and so on more than 30 public industrial enterprise, laying a foundation for the future of industrial development. This has laid the foundation for future industrial development. At the same time to guide the weak private small enterprises, the implementation of private-private mergers; matches, soap, cooking oil, towels, cotton cloth and other necessities of life private production enterprises, from the production of raw materials, capital and product sales and other aspects of support, to help overcome the difficulties, resume production, economic development, social stability.

In 1979, the rapid development of industrial production, has built shaoxing elastic silk factory, zhejiang polyester factory, zhuji woolen textile factory, zhejiang building sanitary ceramics factory, xinchang woolen textile factory, huayue microelectronics co. By 1990, shaoxing city has textile, food, machinery, metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, electronics and other more than 20 industrial sectors, the initial formation of light textile industry as the main body, brewing as the characteristics of the textile, machinery, food three major industries as the pillar of the industrial system.

In 2010, Shaoxing City, the industrial economy to carry out the provincial industrial transformation and upgrading of comprehensive supporting reform pilot as an opportunity to promote the strategic adjustment of industrial structure and the fundamental transformation of the mode of development, and achieved significant results. Shaoxing City, industrial enterprises completed gross industrial output value of 862.386 billion yuan, an increase of 21% over 2009. Among them: 5545 industrial enterprises above designated size completed industrial output value of 679.739 billion yuan, an increase of 23.17%; completed sales revenue of 699.385 billion yuan, an increase of 23.08.73%; to realize 58.887 billion yuan of profit and tax, of which 40.527 billion yuan of profit, an increase of 31.88% and 35.77%, presenting benefits growth than production and sales Good development trend of growth; complete export delivery value of 122.554 billion yuan, an increase of 20.79%, continue to maintain steady growth momentum; enterprise cost profit margin of 6.45%, an increase of 0.65 percentage points over 2009, the industrial economy in general in the "more prosperous range". Major Development Zones and New Zones in Shaoxing Shaoxing High-tech Zone Administrative Committee Fei Jiang New Zone Jinghu New Zone Shengzhou Economic Development Zone Shaoxing Eco-Industrial Park Keqiao Economic Development Zone Shaoxing County Binhai Industrial Zone Xinchang High-tech Industrial Park Zhuji Economic Development Zone Shangyu Economic Development Zone Shangyu Hangzhou Bay Fine Chemical Industry Park Reference Sources The origins of trade in Shaoxing are very early, and there have been ups and downs from generation to generation. As early as during the Warring States period, commercial activities emerged in the city of Dajue. Fan Li's "accumulation of [stored] principles" of commerce has had an impact to this day. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, commercial activities were recorded in the city, and there was a big market in the county town of Dutingqiao, where the Yue people set up a market, which was rumored to be the place where Jizi Xun sold medicines. In the fourth year of Yongjian (129) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wu and Huizhou were divided into two parts, and Shanyin became the capital of Huizhou County, from which commerce developed rapidly. Yonghe five years (140), the county magistrate Ma Zhen presided over the construction of Lake Jianhu, laid the foundation for the development of the economy, and the implementation of the Han Dynasty, the policy of reducing taxes, advocating the "food and goods", the territory of the commercial and trade activities more prosperous. Three Kingdoms Wu Chi Wu eight years (245) in August, Sun Quan "遣校尉陈勋将屯田及作士三万人，凿句容中道，自小其到云阳西城，通会(稽)市，作邸阁". At that time, Huiji County for the country's most important bronze mirrors, porcelain trading center, Yue cloth, silk market overseas famous. Tang Dynasty, the country Shengping, economically developed, Yuezhou City is not only the capital of a state, but also Zhejiang East Road Festival Minister stationed, just like a metropolis. Its Yue porcelain, Jiaoshuo, white yarn, flower yarn, light Rong, Wu silk, etc. is famous throughout the country, selling well everywhere, there is "Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, less prosperous than Gusu, Huiji two counties," said. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the capital was Lin'an, and Shaoxing was on a par with Jinling at that time, becoming one of the two major cities in the country outside the capital. Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty stayed here for more than a year, and the city expanded, became prosperous, with neat streets, convenient transportation, developed commerce, and the tea trade ranked the first in the country. During the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, Shaoxing's rapid development of handicrafts led to commercial prosperity, especially in the silk and wine-making industries, which have become important in the country.

After the opium war, shaoxing market began to appear foreign goods, the rise of national industry, the variety of commodities increased, the industry to expand, specialized subdivided. Qing Xuantong three years (1911), there are 290 inns in the city, of which 60 rice, cotton line 27, kerosene line 7; 1719 stores, 74 industries, such as rice, wine, sauce, tea industry, the North and South goods industry, department store industry, silk cloth industry, watch and clock industry, gold and silver industry, oil and candle industry, tea and lacquer, copper and tin industry, and so on. In the early Republic of China, business has developed. Republic of 25 years (1936), Shaoxing city commercial 103 industries, 4,887, with a total capital of 9.401 million yuan, annual turnover of 48.288 million yuan. According to 37 years on July 21, "Shaoxing industrial and commercial newspaper", Shaoxing Chamber of Commerce survey statistics, there are 2,471 stores, 4,518 employees.

1956, shaoxing city was approved to implement industry-wide public-private partnership of 45 industries, 5837 households, 11,400 people; direct transition to the state-run business 98 households, 331 people; the implementation of the fixed-share fixed-interest public-private partnership of 531 households, 4325 people; the organization of 15 cooperative stores, 79 households; cooperative group of 361, 4713 households. In addition, there are still 416 households still operating independently, accounting for 7.13 percent of the total.

Since 1978, the commercial management system has been reformed, returning power to enterprises; the planning system has been reformed, expanding the supply of unplanned commodities; and the price system has been reformed, opening up commodity prices.

1990, shaoxing city social agricultural and sideline products purchased a total of 212,626,000 yuan, an increase of 8.21 times more than in 1978; total retail sales of social commodities 358,915,000 yuan, an increase of 6.3 times more than in 1978. Shaoxing City, 48,444 retail commercial institutions, 7.32 times more than in 1978; 85,605 commercial personnel, 3.59 times more than in 1978. Shaoxing City, retail commercial institutions, state-run and cooperative business accounted for 6.44%, collective business accounted for 4.64%, individual business accounted for 88.92%. Of the total retail sales of social commodities, state-run and cooperative businesses accounted for 56.96%, collective businesses accounted for 11.51%, and individual businesses accounted for 31.53%.

Transportation

In 2012, investment in transportation infrastructure projects amounted to 9.325 billion yuan, an increase of 14.6%, with investment completing 124.33% of the annual target. At the end of the year, Shaoxing city highway mileage of 9081 kilometers, an increase of 0.02%. Vigorously promote the construction of rural roads, invested 86.92 million yuan to complete the construction of rural network roads and village roads target tasks. Promote the integration of urban and rural public transport, the implementation of rural passenger transport line bus transformation, Shaoxing City, 94 updated rural passenger transport shuttle buses, rural passenger transport access rate of 99.2%. Highway operating passenger volume 173.14 million passengers, turnover 4.588 billion person-kilometers, respectively, compared with the previous year, an increase of 1.7% and 1.4%; highway operating freight volume of 78.9 million tons, turnover 7.075 billion tons of kilometers, both of which increased by 3.7% over the previous year.

Post and telecommunications

In 2012, post and telecommunications business income of 4.887 billion yuan, an increase of 3.2%. At the end of the year, there were 2.018 million urban and rural fixed telephone subscribers (including Xiaolingtong), and the penetration rate of fixed telephone main lines was 45.98 lines per 100 people. At the end of the year, there were 4,364,500 cell phone users (call users), with a cell phone penetration rate of 99.44 lines/100 people; the number of Internet users (excluding cell phone Internet users) was 877,000. The express delivery business developed rapidly, with 1,842,900 express deliveries in the year, an increase of 11.8% year-on-year.

Finance

At the end of 2012, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions in Shaoxing City was 494.832 billion yuan, up 19.5% year-on-year, of which the balance of urban and rural residents' savings deposits was 194.572 billion yuan, up 14.0%. The balance of local and foreign currency loans of financial institutions amounted to 393.427 billion yuan, an increase of 19.3% year-on-year, of which short-term loans amounted to 283.961 billion yuan and medium- and long-term loans amounted to 95.188 billion yuan, an increase of 18.1% and 29.9%, respectively.

Foreign trade

In 2010, Shaoxing City's foreign trade exports exceeded 20 billion U.S. dollars for the first time, amounting to 21.089 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 33.80% over 2009, with the export value accounting for 1.34% of the national total, accounting for an increase of 0.03 percentage points over 2009. The export value ranked 18th among all cities in the country, and the increase ranked 6th; it ranked 7th among prefecture-level cities, and the increase ranked 4th.

Shaoxing City *** introduction of 235 foreign investment projects, new contracted foreign capital of 1.446 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 53.56% over 2009; the actual foreign capital of 953 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 17.52% year-on-year growth, to complete the projected target of 841 million U.S. dollars of 113.30%. Among them, 34 newly approved foreign investment projects in urban areas, with new contracted foreign investment of 213 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 13.36% year-on-year; the actual foreign investment of 147 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 6.47% year-on-year, to complete the target of 83.70%. In addition to robe river economic and technological development zone, shaoxing city, other counties (cities), development zones have exceeded the predetermined goals, of which shangyu city actual utilization of foreign capital of 300 million U.S. dollars, ranking first in all counties (cities).

Shaoxing City, the new approval of foreign investment enterprises 164, with a total investment of 298.85 million U.S. dollars, of which the Chinese side of the investment amounted to 281.69 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 52.80% over 2009. Shaoxing City has operated 107 foreign investment enterprises with a total turnover of 1065.94 million U.S. dollars, driving exports of 989.18 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 81.90% and 87.50% respectively. Shaoxing City, the new contracted labor contract amounted to 527.64 million U.S. dollars, turnover of 502.6 million U.S. dollars, respectively, an increase of 31.30% and 18.50% year-on-year. Among them, the actual overseas project turnover of 100.95 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 11.70%. Shaoxing City, sent out 49 laborers, the end of the period outside the number of 309 people.