What festivals do Dai people have? As well as the characteristics of living habits and clothing.

Songkran Festival: Dai New Year. From June 24th to 26th in the Dai calendar (mid-April in the summer calendar), the festival lasts for 3 to 5 days. In the early morning of the festival, men, women and children bathe and change clothes, and go to the Buddhist temple to worship the Buddha, that is, sprinkle water on the Buddha to wash the dust, and then splash water on each other to eliminate disasters. Later, splashing water was used as a play and staged as a festival. According to legend, in ancient times, the fire demon did evil and stole seven girls. Shannon, the youngest girl, learned the secret of killing the fire demon: pull out its hair and strangle it. The devil is in a fireball. Where it falls, it will catch fire. The girls threw water at each other and put out the evil fire. This legend became a habit along the river and gradually became the Water-splashing Festival. It is said that this custom originated in India, and Brahmins bathe in the river at this time of year to wash away their sins. When the old man can't go into the river, his children will splash water to wash their sins. Later, it was introduced to the Dai area in China.

Kaimen Festival: Dai language is called "Chuva", which means Buddha leaves the temple. Traditional religious festivals of Dai people in Yunnan. It is held on1February15th of the Dai calendar every year. Its activities are the same as the closing day. On the day of Dai calendar1February 15, what was put behind the Buddha when entering the cave was taken out and burned, indicating that the Buddha had come out of the cave. /kloc-on 0/6, the monk left the cave, and the whole family went to the cave to worship Buddha. /kloc-A grand "flower-catching" activity was held on 0/7, because the Buddha returned to the world after giving a lecture in the Western Heaven for three months, so all villages had to beat gongs and drums to hold a grand welcoming activity for the Buddha, and at the same time confessed their sins to the Buddha in the shack for one year. Monks take this opportunity to preach teachings to young men and women. The opening day coincided with the busy farming season, the weather was getting colder, and there were not many Buddhist activities. Young people could fall in love or get married, while adults went out to do business or visit relatives and friends. This season is the time when the Dai people have the most cultural and recreational activities. People set off sparks, lit lamps, flew high and traveled around the village, which was very lively.

Closing the door: Dai language is called "entering the depression", which means that Buddha enters the temple. Yunnan Dai traditional religious festival, lasting for three months, began in the fifteenth day of the ninth year of the Dai calendar (mid-July of the lunar calendar). According to legend, every year on the ninth day of September in the Dai calendar, the Buddha went to the Western Heaven to give a lecture with his mother, and returned to the world in March. Once, just as the Buddha was going to the west to talk about his menstrual period, thousands of Buddhists went to the countryside to preach, trampling on the crops of the people and delaying their production. People complained bitterly and were very dissatisfied with Buddhists. When the Buddha learned about this, he felt uneasy. From then on, whenever the Buddha went to the Western Heaven to give a lecture, all Buddhists got together and stipulated that during these three months, they were not allowed to go anywhere but to repent to atone for their sins. Therefore, people call it "closing day" in seconds.

Traditional Dai festivals in the area of Qimaba, Lvchun County, Yunnan Province. It is held on the 13th day of the first lunar month every year, and the festival lasts for one day. This is a traditional festival unique to the local Dai people. On the morning of the 13th day of the first month, when the morning sun shines on the Dai water town, Dai men and women who can sing and dance put on festive costumes and gather under the big green trees in the center of the stockade. The gongs and drums are loud, and the singers are holding fragrant rice wine and singing Spring Festival songs and Four Seasons songs. The crowd danced the traditional dual dance on the drums, and the whole dam was full of joy. It was not until the sun rose high in the sky that the musical concert came to an end. At this time, an elder announced: "Dam patrol begins!" " After a while, people intoxicated with the singing and dancing immediately formed a very orderly team: eight young people holding colorful flags led the way, and the people behind them blew their horns all the way; Some beat gongs and drums, set off firecrackers and gunpowder, and slowly walked to Tianba. After walking according to the predetermined route, people get together and make village rules and regulations during the busy period of spring ploughing to ensure that spring ploughing can be completed in season.

Huajie Festival: Also called "Hot Water Pond Huajie Festival". The traditional folk festival of the Dai people in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province is held on the seventh day of the first lunar month every year for one day. The Dai and Ya people also celebrate the Flower Street Festival, which is basically the same as the Dai people, but the festival is on the sixth day of the fifth lunar month. The main purpose of Huajie Festival is to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. On the morning of the festival, when the sun rises, men, women and children dressed in festive costumes gather on the lawn of the hot water pond on the east bank of Yuanjiang River to celebrate the festival with songs and laughter. Old people used to talk about the past, young people sang and danced, and children chased games and enjoyed themselves. People have also bathed in hot springs in hot pools to get rid of the filth of the old year and greet the new year cleanly and coolly. On this day, unmarried young men and women will also hold duets to find partners.

Summer Festival: It is called "Haowa" in Dai language, which means summer. It started in September of the Dai calendar 15 (mid-July of the lunar calendar) and lasted for 3 months. According to legend, every year in the Dai calendar in September, the Buddha went to the Western Heaven to lecture with his mother, and then returned to the world three months later. Once, just as the Buddha was going to the west to talk about his menstrual period, thousands of Buddhists went to the countryside to preach, trampling on the crops of the people and delaying their production. People complained bitterly and were very dissatisfied with Buddhists. When the Buddha learned about this, he felt uneasy. From then on, whenever the Buddha went to the Western Heaven to give a lecture, all Buddhists were called together and it was stipulated that they were not allowed to go anywhere during these three months, and they could only repent to atone for their sins. Therefore, people call it "closing day".

Summer Festival: The Dai language called "Angwa", which means summer, originated from the habit of living in rainy season in ancient Buddhism. The time is 65438 in the Dai calendar+65438 in February+May (around the middle of September in the lunar calendar). It symbolizes that the rainy season in the past three months has ended, and the marriage taboo between men and women has been lifted since the "closed day", so people call it "open day". After the taboo is lifted, young men and women can begin to fall in love freely or hold a wedding. On this day, young men and women dressed in costumes went to the Buddhist temple to worship Buddha, offering food, flowers, wax strips and coins. After the service, a grand cultural rally was held to celebrate the end of fasting since the closing day. The main contents include setting off sparks and rising, lighting lanterns, singing and dancing. Young people will also jump lanterns in the shape of birds, animals, fish and insects around the village. At this time, when the rice harvest is finished, it is also a festival to celebrate the harvest.

Living habits:

Taboo: it is forbidden for outsiders to ride horses, drive cattle, carry loads and enter the stockade unkempt; When entering the Dai bamboo house, you should take off your shoes outside the door and walk gently inside. You can't sit above or across the fireplace, enter the owner's inner room, or sit on the threshold; The tripod on the fireplace can't move, and the fire can't be pushed; Don't whistle and cut your nails at home; Don't use clothes as pillows, and don't sit on pillows; When hanging clothes, the coat should be hung at a high place, and the pants and skirts should be hung at a low place; Take off your shoes when entering the Buddhist temple, and avoid touching the head, Buddha statue, spear, banner and other Buddhist sacred objects of the young monk. ?

Marriage custom: "Chasing yellow chickens" is a way for young men and women in Xishuangbanna to seek love by eating rumors, that is, girls take yellow chickens to the market to sell. If the buyer is a girl's lover, the girl will take the initiative to take out the stool and let him sit next to it. Through conversation, if the two sides love each other, they will hold the chicken and carry the stool to pour out their feelings in the Woods; If the buyer is not the girl's lover, the girl will double the asking price. "Eat a little wine", men and women are engaged, the man cleans up the dining tables and goes to the woman's house to treat them. When the guests dispersed, the man was accompanied by three men, and the woman and her three women set a table. "Eat some wine" means eating three dishes: the first one is spicy; The second way is to put more salt; The third course should have sweets. It means passion, depth and sweetness. Congratulations on the completion of the new house. The young man went upstairs first, carrying a bull's head and singing blessing song. Mature men carry boxes, married women carry bedding, and girls carry food in turn. Then they set up a tripod on the fireplace, set the wine table, prepared dishes and sang songs to congratulate the completion of the new house. The villagers also send some auspicious gifts to their owners. On the wedding day, the wedding will be held in both parties' homes, mostly in the woman's home first. At the wedding reception, the table should be covered with green banana leaves, and the dishes include blood flourishing (white flourishing) symbolizing good luck, rice cakes and various dishes. Before the banquet, the bride and groom should make a tie ceremony, that is, the wedding uses a white line to bypass the shoulders of both sides, and two white lines are tied to the wrists of the bride and groom respectively, symbolizing purity. Then, the old man kneaded the glutinous rice into a triangle, dipped it in salt, and put it on the top of a tripod on the fireplace to let it fall off naturally after burning, symbolizing that love is as strong as iron. ?

Eating habits: Rice and glutinous rice are staple foods. Dehong Dai's staple food is japonica rice, and Xishuangbanna Dai's staple food is glutinous rice. Usually eaten immediately. People think that japonica rice and rice need to be eaten immediately without losing their original color and fragrance, so they don't eat overnight meals or rarely eat them, and they are used to pinching rice with their hands. All dishes and snacks are mainly sour, such as sour bamboo shoots, sour pea powder, sour meat and wild sour fruit; I like to eat pickled cabbage. It is said that Dai people often eat sauerkraut because they often eat sticky rice food that is not easy to digest, and sour food helps digestion. The daily meat is pigs, cows, chickens and ducks, and don't eat or eat less mutton. Dai people who live in the mainland like to eat dog meat, are good at roast chicken and roast chicken, and are very fond of aquatic products such as fish, shrimp, crab, snails and moss. Eating with moss is a unique flavor dish of Dai people. Cooking fish, mostly sour fish or roasted citronella fish, in addition to making fish chop naan (that is, mashing grilled fish into mud and mixing coriander, etc.). ), fish jelly, grilled fish, eel with white sauce, etc. When eating crabs, they are usually chopped into crab paste with shell and meat for cooking. Dai people call this crab sauce "crab rice cloth". ?

Bitter gourd is a daily vegetable with the highest yield and consumption. In addition to bitter gourd, Xishuangbanna also has a kind of bitter bamboo shoots, so there is also a bitter taste in Dai flavor. The representative bitter vegetable is a mixture of cowhide and cold dishes cooked with ingredients such as ox gall. There are many kinds of insects in the hot and humid areas of Dai nationality. Flavor dishes and snacks made by insects are an important part of Dai food. Common insects that eat are cicadas, bamboo worms, Okumo, soft-shelled turtle, ant eggs and so on. Dai people are addicted to alcohol, but their alcohol content is not high. They brewed it themselves, and it tastes very sweet. Tea is a local specialty, but Dai people only drink big leaf tea without spices. When drinking, only stir-fry on the fire until it is burnt, and drink it slightly after brewing. Chewing betel nut, mixed with tobacco and lime, all day long. Typical foods include dog meat soup pot, dried pork, salted eggs and dried eel.

Clothing features:

Women: Women traditionally wear short sleeves and skirts. Dai women in Xishuangbanna wear white or scarlet underwear with small waist, wide hem and various tube skirts. Women in Dehong, mangshi and other places wear light-colored big-breasted jackets, trousers and small waists before marriage, and change them into double-breasted jackets and black skirts after marriage. The women's clothing of the Dai people in the mainland is basically the same as that of the frontier, but it has regional characteristics, so it is often called "Huayao Dai" and "Dai Xiu Dai" by other ethnic groups. For example, Dai women in Xinping, Yuxi City tied their skirts with a special flower belt more than a foot long, hence the name "Huayao Dai". Their clothes are mainly in black and red tones, and their close-fitting jackets reach the upper waist. The neckline is inlaid with fine silver bubbles into a diamond pattern that is staggered up and down. The waist is decorated with an embroidered belt five or six meters long, and a pointed "chicken fir" hat with a upturned brim is worn. The unique headdress and costumes of Huayao Dai are very similar to the figures on Yunnan bronzes unearthed from Shizhai Mountain in Jinning and Lijiashan in Jiangchuan, and have the same characteristics as vertebral bun, short waist and tube skirt, which proves that they are in the same strain.

Male: Dai men wear collarless double-breasted or large-breasted small sleeve blouses, long-sleeved trousers, cold blankets and white or green cloth covers. The custom of male tattoos is very common, which not only shows courage, but also can ward off evil spirits, protect the body and decorate the body. Boys will be asked to get tattoos when they are about 1 1 years old. Tattoos are mostly tigers, leopards, lions, dragons, snakes and eagles. Most parts are limbs, chest, abdomen and back. Generally, it takes two days to write a leg and seven to eight days to write a whole body.

Pronunciation: Dai [d m 4 I z ú]?

Brief introduction of Dai: Dai (Roman alphabet: Dai), also known as Dai (Thai:, Roman alphabet: Thai), Shan (Roman alphabet: Shan) and so on. The national language is Dai (Thai), which belongs to Zhuang-Dai branch of Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Dai people regard peacocks and elephants as mascots, and folk stories are rich and colorful. Dai people like to live by the water, love cleanliness, often take a bath, and women like to wash their hair, so they have the reputation of "water nation". In the past, Dai people generally believed in Buddhism, and primitive religion spread to the south. Dai is the main ethnic group in Thailand and Laos, accounting for 40% of the total population in Thailand. Dai is the second largest ethnic group in Myanmar and a minority in China, India, Viet Nam and Cambodia. According to the data of the sixth census in 20 10, there are more than 260,000 Dai people in China.