What are the purchasing modes?

Types of purchasing modes

First, the traditional procurement model.

Based on the application, in order to fill the inventory, the inventory backlog is large.

Second, the purchase mode of the ordering point

Order-point procurement refers to that the purchaser determines the order point, order batch or order cycle and the highest inventory level of each variety according to the demand and order lead time of each variety, and then establishes the inventory inspection mechanism. Once the ordering point is found, the inventory will be checked and the order will be issued. The size of the order batch is determined by the prescribed standards.

Ordering point procurement includes two major procurement methods, quantitative ordering method and regular ordering method.

Quantitative ordering method is to determine an order point and an order batch in advance, and then check the inventory at any time. When the inventory drops to the ordering point, the order is issued, and the batch size of each order is the same.

Regular order method is to determine an order cycle and the highest inventory level in advance, and then take stock of the inventory regularly and order according to the specified order cycle. The order batch is not necessarily the same every time, and the size of the order batch is equal to the difference between the actual inventory at that time and the specified maximum inventory level.

The purchase mode of order point is based on demand analysis, aiming at filling inventory, adopting some scientific methods, giving consideration to meeting demand and controlling inventory cost, with scientific principle and simple operation. However, due to many random factors in the market, this method also has the defects of large inventory and insensitive market.

Three, MRP procurement mode (material requirements planning)

Mainly used in production enterprises. It is realized by purchasing personnel of enterprises using MRP software to make purchasing plans. The principle of MRP procurement is to gradually calculate the production time and quantity, or ordering time and quantity, of all parts and raw materials of the main product according to MPS (master production plan) and BOM (bill of materials or product structure document) and the inventory of the main product and its parts, that is, to generate the production plan and procurement plan of all parts and raw materials. Then make a purchase according to this purchase plan.

MRP purchasing mode is also based on demand analysis, aiming at meeting inventory. Because the plan is more detailed and strict, its market sensitivity and inventory level are improved compared with the above methods.

Fourthly, JIT procurement mode.

JIT procurement, also known as just-in-time procurement, is a kind of procurement method based entirely on meeting demand. The demander sends an order to the supplier according to its own needs, requiring the supplier to deliver the specified variety and quantity to the specified place within the specified time.

JIT procurement realizes sensitive corresponding market, meets users' needs and minimizes users' inventory. Because users do not need to set up inventory, realize zero inventory. It is a scientific and ideal purchasing model.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) VMI purchasing mode (supplier manages inventory, supplier grasps user's inventory)

Its basic idea is that under the supply chain mechanism, procurement is no longer operated by buyers, but by suppliers. VMI procurement is a procurement mode. Users only need to transmit their own demand information to suppliers in time, and suppliers can predict their future demand according to their own demand information, and make their own production plans and delivery plans according to this prediction. The inventory size of users is determined by suppliers.

It is an ideal and scientific procurement model, and the biggest beneficiary is the user. However, supply chain procurement has high requirements for enterprise information systems and suppliers' business operations.

Six, electronic procurement mode

E-procurement, that is, online procurement, is a procurement mode under the environment of e-commerce. For example, It is a promising procurement mode, which simplifies procedures, reduces procurement time, reduces procurement costs and improves work efficiency. Relying on the development of e-commerce and the improvement of logistics distribution level