What are tiles?

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The tile at the front end of the eaves is tile, and there is a circular baffle hanging with patterns on the tile surface.

The pattern design of ceramic tiles is beautiful, and the fonts are changeable, such as moire, geometric pattern, gluttonous pattern, text pattern, animal pattern and so on. , are exquisite works of art..

catalogue

brief introduction

Function of ceramic tile

Material of ceramic tile

Wadang history

Qin and Han Wadang

Wadang in the Six Dynasties

Detailed type

systems modelling

artistic value

Distinguish the authenticity of tiles

Random talk about wadang

Appreciate and protect appreciation

Maintenance/curing

Research and collection

Brief introduction of historical origin

Function of ceramic tile

Material of ceramic tile

Wadang history

Qin and Han Wadang

Wadang in the Six Dynasties

Detailed type

systems modelling

Distinguishing the authenticity of ceramic tiles with artistic value

Appreciate and protect the historical origins of research and collection. Introduction to this paragraph.

Wadang is commonly known as tile head.

It is the front end of the tile (also called dripping eaves) at the front end of the eaves or the pattern part at its front end.

It is an integral part of ancient buildings, which plays a role in protecting wooden cornices and beautifying the outline of the roof.

Function.

Ceramic tiles in different historical periods have different characteristics.

Qin Wadang's decorative patterns are widely used, with the smell of mountains, birds, deer, badgers, fish, turtles and insects. The pattern is vivid, concise and vivid.

At this time, the tiles are mostly animal images, including deer, four gods, geese, fish and changing moiré.

The picture is combined with freehand brushwork and ingenious design. Some divide the picture into two, others into four, seeking change in symmetry, balancing nature and full of life.

Wadang reached the peak of technology in Han Dynasty.

The decorative theme is tiles.

Four gods, wing tigers, birds and beasts, insects, plants, moire patterns, figures, clouds and figures, clouds and animals, etc.

There is a format in which tiles and breast nails are used to separate the pictures.

There are words 1 to 12 in the wording tile, including auspicious words such as "Changle is not ended", "eternal life is not ended" and "infinite heaven", and some indicate the name and purpose of the building.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the tile surface was small, the pattern was mainly cirrus clouds, and the tile characters decreased sharply.

In the Tang Dynasty, lotus tiles were the most common, while word tiles were almost extinct.

Tiles with animal faces in the Song Dynasty and tiles with dragon faces in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Edit the function of this tile.

Tile, also known as "tile head", refers to the specific part hanging down from the top of ceramic tile.

Tiles, that is, ceramic sheets with circular arcs, are used to cover the roof; The so-called "dang" is explained as follows: "Dang also covers the tile at the bottom, just as the tile at the bottom is better than the eaves and the tile covers the tile, which is worthy of the name."

The tile is the first end of the tile, which was used for the roof of ancient buildings in China. Its main functions are waterproof, drainage and protection of wooden frame.

Practically, it is not only convenient for the roof to leak rain, but also plays a role in protecting the eaves and increasing the beauty of the building.

Its styles are mainly circular and semi-circular.

Tile is an important part of ancient architectural tile.

The earliest tile in China was found in the Joo Won? site in Qishan, Fufeng, Shaanxi Province. It was the birthplace of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and most of them were plain tiles.

Semi-circular tile, a single half tile with double-ring pattern.

It is understood that the research and collection of ceramic tiles in China began as early as the Northern Song Dynasty.

Since the mid-Qing Dynasty, ancient tiles have been regarded as antiques and collected by collectors.

From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, tile dang gradually became a popular collection.

In the past 20 years, the ceramic tile collection has become increasingly prosperous, and the market price has been rising all the way.

According to Qian Xianzhi's "Han Shu Tu Lu", the tile price of Changle Wuji reached 10 taels of silver during the Qianlong period, and the highest animal pattern tile value at that time was 200 taels of silver.

At the end of Guangxu, the price of high-quality tiles often reached 50 taels of silver.

In the 1940s, some precious ceramic tiles ranged from each piece 10 yuan to 30 yuan Ocean.

Edit the material of this tile.

In the Han dynasty, ceramic tiles were mainly gray pottery.

As far as materials are concerned, there are mainly gray pottery tiles, glazed tiles and metal tile.

Grey pottery tile is the oldest and most common tile, and it has been the most important variety from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

After the Tang Dynasty, glazed tiles appeared.

Glazed tiles are fired on argillaceous tiles, and the colors are blue, green, blue and yellow, which are used in advanced buildings.

During the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, metal tile was used in some buildings.

There are three kinds of metal tiles: cast iron, brass and gold plated.

Edit this tile history.

People invented ceramic tiles in the Zhou Dynasty.

Buildings on Joo Won? (now Fufeng, Shaanxi) in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty have been used by tiles.

During the Warring States period, the increasingly developed urban construction industry led to the development of brick and tile pottery technology.

The original tile was semi-circular, called semi-regular tile, and the tile in Qin Dynasty developed from semi-circular to full-circular.

Round tiles were popular in Han Dynasty.

Ceramic tile production in Han Dynasty was more prosperous than that in Warring States Period.

Most of the famous palace buildings have ceramic kilns for firing bricks and tiles, which are specially designed and manufactured.

Tile-shaped patterns have a variety of themes, mainly auspicious patterns.

There are several kinds of animals, cirrus clouds and writing patterns. China tiles originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1 1 century ~ BC 77 1 year).

In the late Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), a relatively perfect model was formed, which became an important part of some large buildings.

Most of the early ceramic tiles were semi-circular, and the main decorative patterns were animal faces. Later, it gradually developed into other decorative patterns such as cirrus moire.

At that time, there were many kinds of tile patterns used in firing in various vassal States.

After Qin Shihuang (reigned from 22 1 year BC to 2 10/year BC) unified the six countries, the pattern form and theme content of tile dang changed greatly and became more colorful.

Ceramic tiles with various animal patterns were popular in Qin Dynasty.

The Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) was the heyday of the development of tile-dang craft.

During this period, the tile was beautifully made, and a new tile decorated with seal script appeared. Most of these tiles are seal script, with harmonious arrangement and exquisite layout, which shows the simple and rich artistic style of Han Dynasty.

Most of the characters are auspicious words, and artistic appreciation can be compared with exquisite seals.

A giant tile with a diameter of 6 1 cm was unearthed in the underground soil of the palace site north of the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.

Among all the tiles found in China at present, this kind of tile is the largest.

People call it "the king of tiles".

It is now on display in Shaanxi History Museum.

Editing this paragraph in Qin and Han Dynasties

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, calligraphy was widely used in architecture.

Tiles are the hanging parts of building roof tiles, which are used to cover the rafters to avoid wind and rain.

denude

During the Warring States period, especially during the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surface of ceramic tiles was decorated with patterns or characters, which reflected that the development of social economy promoted the progress of architectural art and brought about the prosperity of social culture.

Shaanxi is the old capital of Qin and Han Dynasties. After liberation, the number of Qin bricks and Han tiles unearthed from the ruins of Qin and Han palaces ranks first in the country.

From Baoji to Tongguan, from northern Shaanxi to southern Shaanxi, including Qin Dou Yongcheng, Xianyang, Lintong of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, Western Han Cang, Chang 'an of Han Dynasty, Changling of Han Dynasty, Ganquan Palace and other sites, all have been unearthed in Qin and Han Dynasties.

The tiles in Qin and Han Dynasties were round or semi-circular, which were divided into two types: text tiles and pattern tiles.

The surface diameter is generally between 15 ~ 18cm, and the largest ceramic tile found at present is 48 cm high and 60 cm wide.

Pattern tiles include animal patterns, plant patterns, geometric figures and so on. Most of them were made from the Warring States to the Qin Dynasty, and also in the Han Dynasty, such as the "Four Lingwa" symbolizing the four directions of Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu.

In Han dynasty, tiled characters were the main characters.

Word tile is the development of pattern tile, and its appearance is bound to be related to the evolution of Chinese characters.

Word tiles are divided into two categories: nominal category and auspicious category.

Nominal class is to indicate the names of buildings on tiles, that is, the names of palaces, yamen and cemeteries.

Such as Shang Lin, Gong Nian Gong Dang, Zong Gong Zheng Dang, Eight Wind Millennium, Pingle Gong Jia, West Dang of Changling, Shi Jing Cang Dang and Qi Yuan Gong Dang.

Auspicious tiles are used to express people's wishes for good luck, such as "long life", "Changle Wuji", "Yongwang Wuji", "Long live the Millennium", "Good luck begins to decline", "Long life without borders" and "Long life without borders".

In addition, memorable ones, such as "Korea and the World"; Express nostalgia, such as "not forgetting each other for a long time."

Used in private houses, ancestral temples and tombs, such as "Diandang", "Li" tile, "Jin" tile, "Tomb" tile, "Yin Family Property", "Juyang Tomb" and "Da Tomb".

There are many four-character words, and there are also many words, single words, or two words.

Such as Wei, Le, Gong, Bian and Shang; Ganlin, Huangshan, Yannian, Huazang, Shanglin, Dukong, Zuo Yi and Youjiang.

Multi-word tiles, such as "being integrated with people and the world, Yong 'an is in the right position", "Changle can't live forever", "Long live the earth in a thousand years" and "the world is better in ten thousand years".

Tiles in Qin and Han dynasties, especially word tiles, are very important historical material evidence materials, which have high academic value for studying the history of architecture and the evolution of characters.

From the perspective of calligraphy, it shows that Chinese characters have the meaning of artistic appreciation more than two thousand years ago, so they have been used to beautify people's living environment.

The modeling characteristics of the tile in Qin and Han Dynasties are: dignified and beautiful layout, proper commercial positioning and prominent ideological connotation, which is a highly unified and perfect combination of form and content; The glyph structure is a perfect combination of inheriting tradition and developing innovation without losing its ancient meaning. Calligraphy strokes are vivid, changeable, agile and elegant, which enriches the artistic language of China's calligraphy.