What are the major doctrines of the Structural Theory of Intelligence? Who are the representatives of each?

In 1904, Spearman - the father of factor analysis in England - was the first to propose a theory of the structure of intelligence. His theory was based on statistical analysis and was deduced from the principles associated with statistics.

Intelligence G-factor - a universal and generalized ability, also known as ordinary factor. The ordinary factor is embedded in all human intellectual activity. Psychologists define the level of intelligence of a person by measuring the amount of G-factor of an individual.

Intellectual S-factors - represent the special abilities of an individual, which are manifested only in some special ways, also known as special factors. s-factors are involved in different intellectual activities in a certain form and to varying degrees.

v Five types of S-factors: verbal ability

arithmetic ability

mechanical ability

attention

imagination

intellectual speed

G-factors are S-factors are interconnected with each other, and G-factors are the key to and the basis of intelligence. Purpose of intelligence tests - to seek common factors through extensive sampling.

(2) Thurston's Group Factor Theory

Thurston, an American psychologist - proposed the group factor theory.

Intelligence - a group of primitive abilities unrelated to each other, various intellectual activities can be divided into different groups, and in each group there is a factor that is **** the same. He statistically analyzed the results of 56 tests and categorized intelligence into seven basic mental abilities.

1) Verbal comprehension (V)

2) Verbal fluency (W)

3) Number-crunching (N)

4) Reasoning (R)

5) Mechanical memory (M)

6) Spatial perceptual ability (S)

7) Perceptual speed (P)

(3 ) Guilford's Three-Dimensional Structure Theory

American psychologist Guilford- Considers the structure of intelligence in three dimensions: content, operation, and product, a three-dimensional model.

Content - refers to the various stimuli that cause mental activity, the various types of topics included in intelligence tests. Includes 4 types.

A. Figures (F)

B. Symbols (S)

C. Semantics (M)

D. Behavior (B)

Operation-refers to the way of mental activity caused by a variety of stimuli, i.e., the mental process of problem solving. Includes five types.

A. Cognitive (C)

B. Memory (M)

C. Divergent Thinking (D)

D. Convergent Thinking (N)

E. Evaluation (E)

Products-refers to the products of mental activities, i.e., the use of a variety of mental activities on various types of results of problem processing. Includes three kinds.

A. Unit (U)

B. Category (C)

C. Relationship (C)

D. System (S)

E. Transformation (T)

F. Implications (I)

Each of the contents of the application of different operations produces a different product, and thus 120 individual intellectual factors can be obtained.