What are the main ethnic minorities in Yunnan?

The Dai ethnic group has a population of more than 1.62 million, including 1.014 million in Yunnan, mainly concentrated in Xishuangbanna and Dehong prefectures.

They are also distributed in more than 30 counties including Gengma and Mengding in Linxing, Menglian in Simao, and Xinping in Yuxi.

The ancestors of the Dai people were one of the ancient Baiyue people, and were called Dianyue and Shan in the Han Dynasty.

After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were many other names such as Jin Teeth, Bai Yi, and Bai Yi, but they claimed to be Dai, which means people who love freedom and peace.

The Dai people are divided into water Dai, dry Dai and Huayao Dai.

Dai people, regardless of gender, always like to carry a brocade satchel (tongpa) on their shoulders when going out.

The satchel has bright colors and simple style, with strong color of life and national characteristics.

The patterns include rare birds and animals, trees, flowers or geometric figures, the images are realistic and lifelike.

Each pattern contains specific content, such as: red and green are to commemorate the ancestors; the peacock pattern represents good luck; the elephant pattern symbolizes a bumper harvest and a better life, which fully reflects the Dai people's yearning and pursuit of a better life.

The main festivals of the Dai people include the Open-Door Festival, the Close-Door Festival, and the Dragon-Sending Festival, among which the most solemn is the Water Splashing Festival.

The Water Splashing Festival is a traditional festival for the Dai people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. People believe that sprinkling water on each other can ward off disasters and bless each other.

In addition to blessing each other, young men and women also splashed water on each other for fun.

Activities such as sand-making, bag throwing, raising stones, and dragon boat races are also held during the festival.

At that time, guests from all over the world will gather in Xibanna and Dehong, and it will be extremely lively.

The Bai population of about 1.4 million mainly lives in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the rest are distributed throughout Yunnan, Bijie area of ??Guizhou Province, and Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province.

More than 90% of the population is engaged in agricultural production and is good at growing rice.

Dali snow pears and Binchuan oranges are famous specialties at home and abroad. The Bai people have their own language, and Chinese has been commonly used by the Bai people since ancient times.

Buddhist.

The Bai people have a long cultural tradition. Many beautiful and moving legends and stories, such as "Creation", "Burning the Songming Tower", and "Wang Fu Yun", have been passed down to this day, and many of them have been compiled into dramas.

Custom: In Bai families, sons separate from their parents after they get married.

The Bai people of the same clan and surname do not intermarry.

Treat guests warmly regardless of whether you know them or not.

Whenever a guest comes, he will be treated to three courses of tea.

Three-course tea is the most exquisite tea ceremony, with the characteristics of one bitter, two sweet, and three aftertaste.

Do not pour tea to the full for guests. There is a saying among the Bai people that a person who is full of wine will respect others and a person who is full of tea will deceive them.

The Bai people pay great attention to etiquette when dining. The elders and guests sit at the head of the table, while the younger ones sit on either side or at the head of the table. They are always required to add rice and soup to the elders and guests and wait warmly for them.

Wedding customs: When a young man of the Bai ethnic group proposes to a girl, if the girl agrees, she must give him a cake; at the wedding, the bride must go to the kitchen to make fish soup; on the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride must make large dough cakes to express her

cooking skills.

At weddings, it is important to serve refreshments first, followed by the four-four-ruyi (i.e. four plates, four plates, four basins, and four bowls) banquet table.

Marriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of ??Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan.

Whenever there are crossroads, three-way roads or places where people gather, the guests will stop and pile the dowry into two large piles, and let the groom carry the bride on his back and circle the dowry in a figure eight.

Food customs: The Bai people in the Pingba area mostly eat rice and wheat as their staple foods; the Bai people in the mountainous areas mostly eat corn, potatoes, and buckwheat as their staple foods.

The staple food is mainly steamed.

Since fresh vegetables are available all year round, the Bai people like to eat fresh vegetables and various pickled vegetables at every meal.

Most Bai women are good at making pickles. There are many types of pickles. In addition to pickling fresh vegetables, they also make bean paste, tempeh, and noodle sauce. The Bai people in Jianchuan and Heqing often pick sea cauliflower flowers from the Erhai Lake and process them into various kinds.

Flavor dishes.

The meat is mainly pork. In addition to using fresh pork to make various stir-fry dishes, they also like to pickle the New Year pig and process it into ham, sausage, sausage, pork liver, liver, rice sausage and other exquisite flavor foods. Most of the Bai people like to drink alcohol.

The raw materials and methods are different, and there are many types of wine. When making wine, more than 40 kinds of herbs are used to make distiller's yeast and various white wines. Among them, kiln wine and dry wine are traditional wines.

There is also a kind of glutinous rice liqueur, which is specially made for women and pregnant women. It is said to have nourishing and lactation-stimulating effects.

Drinking tea is another hobby of the Bai people. The Bai people attach great importance to tea twice a day in the morning and at noon.

Morning tea is called morning tea or wake-up tea. It is drunk as soon as you get up. All adults drink it. Afternoon tea is also called rest tea or thirst-quenching tea. It contains rice crackers and milk, and children also drink a cup.

There are many Bai flavor dishes.

Rawhide is one of the must-have dishes for the Bai people during festivals. It is a cold meat dish made with a variety of spicy ingredients.

Donkey soup pot is made from donkey meat.

Steamed pig head with willow is also one of the famous traditional dishes of the Bai people. It is made by putting the pig head on a wicker frame and steaming it in a pot.

Big noodle cake is a special cake made by the Bai people during the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is steamed with fermented dough and seasonings.

Clothing: Both men and women of the Bai people advocate white, which is considered noble.

Men in the Dali area mostly wear white double-breasted jackets, black-collared jackets, or several leather or satin collared jackets, commonly known as three drops of water, with belts or embroidered bellybands around their waists, and blue or black trousers.

In Xishan District, Eryuan County, Yunnan, every adult Bai man carries a small and exquisite embroidered purse with words such as "Pair of Birds Climbing a Branch" and "Mandarin Ducks Playing in the Water" embroidered on their shoulders.

The embroidered purse is a symbol of love, and it is the crystallization of Bai girl's wisdom.