Problems faced by enterprises

(1) The quality of personnel is poor. The cultural quality of employees is relatively low, the proportion of college degree or above is small, and there are fewer professional and technical personnel. A large number of small enterprises below the township level do not even have technicians with professional and technical titles or people with college education or above. The quality of small business owners is relatively low, and many bosses often manage by experience and feeling, which easily leads to decision-making mistakes, which is also the reason why many small businesses can't grow up or close down.

(2) The technical equipment level is backward. The original value of per capita fixed assets of small enterprises is much lower than that of large enterprises, which is only 1/4 of that of large enterprises, and the equipment is outdated and backward. From a regional perspective, a considerable number of rural industrial enterprises, which account for the vast majority of small enterprises, use old equipment eliminated by cities, while some enterprises in the central and western regions use equipment eliminated by the east; From the industry point of view, in the machinery and cotton spinning industry dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises, the service life of machine tools belongs to the 1970s or even earlier, accounting for 38. 1% of all machine tools, and the proportion of cotton textile machines is as high as 3 1.7%.

(3) The channels of information sources are not smooth, and the means of information collection are backward. At present, most small and medium-sized enterprises collect information by themselves, and the cost of information collection is high. Due to the lack of high-quality information analysts, information utilization efficiency is low. The utilization rate of information intermediary organizations is low.

(4) The financing channel is too single. Small and medium-sized enterprises have poor credit status and weak ability to resist risks, so it is difficult for them to enter the financial market freely like large enterprises. In China, the direct financing of small and medium-sized enterprises is strictly restricted. Indirect financing has become the main form for small and medium-sized enterprises to raise funds, and banks require loans to provide guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises at their own risk. However, the lack of credit guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises in China makes it difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to borrow money.

2. Problems in operational capacity

(1) High financial risk. The asset-liability ratio of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is generally high, among which the asset-liability ratio of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises is 7 percentage points higher than that of large enterprises, while the current ratio is low, and the current ratio of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises is 10 percentage point lower than that of large enterprises. This shows that China's small and medium-sized enterprises have insufficient solvency and high financial risks.

(2) High management risk. Small and medium-sized enterprises are generally unable to realize the specialization of management functions because of their small scale and limited resources. A lot of management work is done by the owners themselves, or various management functions are simplified and merged as much as possible and concentrated in a few hands. Due to the lack of special training for managers, low management level and simplified and centralized management mode, labor relations in enterprises are often tense and personnel flow frequently, which seriously affects the operating performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, most small and medium-sized enterprises lack the ability of strategic management and organizational innovation, which increases the business risk of small and medium-sized enterprises.

(3) The product is risky. The product quality of small and medium-sized enterprises is far from the requirements of economic development. The product grade is low, the quality is poor, and the pass rate of spot check is low. Fake and shoddy goods are repeatedly banned, and the survival of the fittest is not uncommon.

3. Problems in macro-management of SMEs.

(1) The macro management system is not smooth.

At present, there are township enterprise management bureaus, small and medium-sized enterprise management bureaus, industrial and commercial management bureaus, enterprise management associations and some local productivity promotion committees in China to manage a certain kind of ownership or some links of enterprise activities in small and medium-sized enterprises, resulting in many policies, overlapping functions and multi-head management, which makes local and enterprises at a loss. The government lacks a comprehensive grasp of the situation and development trend of small and medium-sized enterprises, and lacks planning, guidance, supervision and support for the macro-management of small and medium-sized enterprises.

(2) the economic policy is unfair

At present, China's economic policies are mainly formulated according to ownership types and industry characteristics, not according to the different industry characteristics of enterprises of different scales, and often tend to favor large enterprises intentionally or unintentionally. For example, the scale of state loans to non-state-owned small enterprises is too small, which makes them in an unequal competitive position. National bank bad debt reserve

Preferential policies such as reserve funds, capital structure optimization support funds, new loans and new listing quotas are almost all inclined to large and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises also bear various expenses other than various tax components.

(3) The legal guarantee system is not perfect

At present, China's legal provisions with strong pertinence to small and medium-sized enterprises are mainly "Regulations on Urban Collective Ownership Enterprises" and "Law on Township Enterprises". However, these two laws and regulations are classified according to the nature of ownership and different organizational forms, and lack of unified legislative standards and behavioral norms, which easily leads to uneven development and irregular operation of small enterprises with different ownership and different organizational forms in legal status and power status.

(4) The socialized service system is not perfect.

On the one hand, social intermediary organizations are often located in government departments and rarely open directly to small and medium-sized enterprises. Even if it is open to small and medium-sized enterprises, it is difficult for them to get effective services, and the service targets are often limited to small enterprises in their own systems and departments; On the other hand, the establishment of some intermediary agencies has a strong official color, the quality of intermediary services is not combined with the interests of employees, and there is a lack of internal motivation to actively serve enterprises. In addition, some newly established commercial intermediary companies charge too much for small and medium-sized enterprises. Many problems in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises are difficult to solve by themselves, and the government must play an important role in them, which has been confirmed by the experience of all countries in the world.

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