The Importance of Urban Planning to Urban Construction

Urban planning is to study the future development direction and layout of the city and arrange the comprehensive deployment of urban engineering construction. Generally speaking, urban planning is divided into two stages: master planning and detailed planning. First carry out the overall urban planning, and then carry out detailed planning after the completion of the specific construction. Our country has the knowledge of urban planning since ancient times. Urban planning is the blueprint of urban development in a certain period and the standard of urban construction. To build a good city, there must be a unified and effective urban planning, so as to coordinate the development of all aspects, integrate the construction of the whole city, and provide necessary conditions for urban residents to live, work and study.

Second, the important role of urban planning

Urban planning plays an important role in urban development, not only in urban construction, but also in urban economic development.

(A) the positive role of urban planning in urban development

1, urban planning puts forward the direction of urban construction.

The development of every city is inseparable from the role of good urban planning. At the beginning of urban planning, we must first have clear urban development goals and determine the overall urban development goals. Urban planning should be carried out from both macro and micro aspects, that is, overall planning and detailed planning. On the macro level, urban planning should take into account the layout and development nature of the city. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the city's traffic, functional zoning, overall style, urban positioning, water intake, flood control, earthquake prevention, etc., and strengthen the greening rate to provide citizens with a safe and comfortable living environment. From the micro level, we should consider the floor spacing, road conditions, floor area ratio and so on.

2. Good urban planning can bring certain economic benefits to the city.

Good urban planning can bring economic benefits to the city, which is the experience summarized from years of practice. From the aspect of land supply, urban land can create a large number of land economy, and through good planning, the transfer funds of land use rights can be improved. At the same time, good urban planning can overcome the problem of market mechanism failure in land development and improve the overall economic benefits of the city to a certain extent. Moreover, good urban planning can bring better urban features to the city, create a healthy and upward living atmosphere, and thus improve people's living efficiency. At the same time, good urban planning can attract more investment, accelerate urban construction and fundamentally improve urban development. As a system, urban planning effectively makes up for the shortage brought by market economy competition. Through urban planning, the cost of land development and use can be reduced.

3. Good urban planning can improve the urban environment.

In modern society, due to the development of productivity, industrial pollution is more serious. At present, the industrial pollution in most cities is quite serious, and the pollution will be more serious through the continuous improvement of economy and technology. Environmental pollution has brought a wide range of problems to people's lives. Now people have realized the destructiveness of environmental pollution and started to pay attention to environmental protection. However, a small number of people only pay attention to economic interests, regardless of environmental pollution. The discharge of industrial wastewater, waste gas and waste residue has caused serious damage to people's living environment. Scientific urban planning can separate industrial areas from urban living areas and commercial areas. According to the region where the city is located and the local climate laws, the layout of industrial areas can be rationally planned to minimize the impact of environmental pollution on people's lives. Any city should regard environmental protection as an important factor in urban planning.

(B) the negative impact of urban planning on urban development

1, excessive pursuit of modernization will destroy the ancient face of the city.

In real life, many cities with a long history have become a local business card, but urban planning generally pursues modernization and fails to take effective protection measures for buildings belonging to historical sites. For example, the quadrangle in Beijing has become a specific historical building with Beijing characteristics. However, in urban planning, due to land development and economic development, these quadrangles can not be effectively protected and have been demolished. The original features of the old city can also be used as a beautiful landscape for urban development. However, the protection of historical buildings in contemporary urban planning is less, which leads to the destruction of many historical sites in urban construction. At present, due to the upsurge of urban reconstruction in China, many historic buildings are in danger of being demolished. In the past 20 years of reform and opening up, the damage to historical buildings in the name of construction has far exceeded that in the past 100 years. Due to the importance attached to urban planning in ancient China, the architecture of ancient cities generally has certain rules, either the city center line or the contour line. However, the urban planning of that generation did not take these into account, and the endless high-rise buildings seriously damaged the old urban outline.

2. Destroy the administrative orders of the government.

A strict urban planning should interpret the overall urban planning incisively and vividly, and once it takes effect, it must be strictly implemented. However, in real life, due to the intervention of government administrative orders, many urban construction can not be carried out strictly according to the plan. Since other functional areas have been planned in detail in urban planning, the original intention of urban planning can only be brought into play through the mutual cooperation between various areas. It is not uncommon for a law to change urban planning. In order to develop the economy, local governments do not consider the overall situation of urban planning, which will seriously undermine the development of the city.

Third, how to effectively do a good job in urban planning.

(1) Give full play to the coordinating and controlling role of urban planning.

Generally speaking, urban planning has become an effective means for the government to allocate resources and macro-control land resources. Most countries regard urban planning as a government function, and the urban planning department is the main force of planning. Over the years, China's understanding of urban planning has been continuously improved. With the sustained development of the national economy and the further deepening of China's reform and opening up, the trend of urban and rural planning is getting stronger and stronger, and China will enter a critical period of urban development in the future, which will directly affect the smooth development of China's economy. Under the new situation, how to effectively improve the land utilization rate, improve the urban living environment and promote economic development is an important task of urban planning. Therefore, we should give full play to the coordination and control ability of urban planning and make due contributions to urban construction in China.

(2) Improve and perfect the plan management system.

Urban planning belongs to the government's function, and urban planning belongs to social affairs to a certain extent, which requires the government to formulate relevant rules and regulations to regulate its planning behavior. As the development of cities varies from place to place, local governments should formulate rules and regulations with local characteristics according to local specific conditions, ensure the smooth progress of urban planning by legal means, and support the smooth implementation of urban planning content by legal means. Actively establish the administrative management mode of urban planning. Because urban planning is an important part of government administration, strict urban planning and implementation mechanism must be formulated. According to the requirement of separating decision-making from implementation, an appropriate administrative management model should be established, and the responsibilities of all parties should be allocated reasonably, so that decision-makers and executors can perform their respective duties and fully ensure the effective implementation of urban planning.

(c) Improving the quality of urban planners.

Urban planning is related to the future development of a city, and good urban planning can provide a good opportunity for the development of a city. Therefore, urban planning plays an extremely important role in urban development. As a city planner, we should fully realize the seriousness of urban planning, and the government should strictly control the access, improve the quality of the staff of the planning unit, and ensure the quality of urban planning through the improvement of the overall quality. At the same time, relevant employees should also improve their own quality and professional and technical level through self-study and make higher contributions to urban planning.

Fourth, summary:

Under the current development situation of our country, urban planning will become an important factor affecting the future development direction of the city. In order to ensure that urban planning can promote the development of China, we should pay full attention to the important role of urban planning, actively use its influence, and make due contributions to the development of China.

Expansion: Problems in Urban Construction

(A lack of a sound decision-making mechanism At this stage, the main problem faced by urban construction financial management is the lack of scientific and reasonable decision-making opinions, the main reason of which is the lack of a sound decision-making mechanism. At present, the decision-making mechanism adopted by cities is relatively traditional, which mainly adopts the way of direct decision-making by supervisors or decision-making by managers through relevant experience, which inevitably leads to some problems in the process of urban construction. It can be seen that the financial management of urban construction lacks the corresponding decision-making mechanism, so leaders need to establish the construction ideology and financial management consciousness in the new period and lead the construction team to formulate a perfect decision-making mechanism.

(B) the implementation of financial management efficiency is too low

At present, the financial management of urban construction is chaotic, and the responsibilities and obligations of various departments are not clear enough. Specifically, there are defects in the management, distribution and application of funds in the construction enterprises that contract urban construction projects, and the management departments and construction departments cannot locate the specific work and scope. Long-term confusion and inefficient implementation of financial management will greatly lead to the loss of construction funds, reduce the efficiency of the use of construction funds, affect the safe and stable use of funds, and ultimately lead to unsatisfactory results of urban construction [1].

(C) the professional quality of financial management personnel is low

Any construction project involving capital will face certain risks. Similarly, financial management activities will also face certain financial risks. In the actual urban construction fund management, the lack of professional quality of financial managers is the main factor affecting the efficiency of fund management. With the continuous development of market economy, the situation of urban construction has also changed, and the market pressure faced by the construction industry has gradually increased, which has led to the application of some opportunistic means in the process of improving the competitiveness of construction enterprises, resulting in the general lack of integrity of urban construction project contracting enterprises. Therefore, financial managers should give full play to their own value in urban construction projects, reasonably control construction funds, avoid serious capital loss and reduce the risks faced by financial management, all of which are based on professional financial knowledge and formal fund management methods.

(D) Waste of resources

The waste of resources in urban construction projects is mainly manifested in the following aspects.

First, the results of the project are symbolic, and the arguments for urban construction and division are insufficient. It mainly exists during the general election of leaders. Most leaders are eager to show their management ability after being elected, and then carry out technological innovation in the process of urban construction, which leads to the lack of professional theoretical basis and preparatory work for some urban buildings before construction, and blindly carry out renovation projects, which not only increases the economic pressure of the government, but also causes many inconveniences to the people's daily life.

Second, there are problems in the construction thought. In the increasingly fierce competition, local governments are striving to build distinctive urban buildings, and various landmark buildings have begun to appear widely in major cities. Most of these buildings do not have much practical application performance, and there are still many problems such as more construction funds and difficult follow-up management.

Third, the urban construction models are very similar. In the process of construction, some cities adhere to the same construction concept and apply the same architectural modeling and mode. In the process of promoting urbanization, the construction department demolished a large number of buildings with distinctive development flavor.

Therefore, in urban construction projects, management departments should attach importance to the development of local cultural industries and reflect the cultural background of different cities. Fourth, pay too much attention to the application of foreign architectural styles. Under the impact and influence of western culture, construction enterprises tend to believe in foreign architectural design schemes, which will limit the development of domestic excellent design teams and consume more funds to invite foreign architectural design teams to design and plan. There are indications that there are still some unreasonable places in urban construction. These financial management problems will eventually lead to a serious waste of funds and resources and increase the cost of urban construction.

Expansion: Regulations on the Administration of Urban Planning Qualification

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 These Provisions are formulated in order to strengthen the management of urban planning units, standardize urban planning and ensure the quality of urban planning. Article 2 Units engaged in urban planning shall obtain the qualification certificate of urban planning (hereinafter referred to as the qualification certificate).

Urban planning units shall undertake urban planning business within the business scope specified in the qualification certificate. Third commissioned planning, should choose a city planning unit with corresponding qualifications. Article 4 The competent department of urban planning administration of the State Council is responsible for the qualification management of urban planning units throughout the country.

The competent department of urban planning administration of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the qualification management of urban planning units within their respective administrative areas.

Chapter II Qualification Grades and Standards

Article 5 The qualifications of urban planning units are divided into Grade A, Grade B and Grade C. ..

Article 6 Standards for Grade A urban planning units:

(a) have the ability to undertake various tasks of urban planning;

(2) Personnel with senior technical titles shall account for no less than 20% of all professional and technical personnel, including no less than 4 senior urban planners and no less than 4 senior technical titles in other professions (not less than1for architecture, road traffic and water supply and drainage); There are not less than 8 urban planning professionals with intermediate technical titles, and not less than 15 people in other majors (architecture, road traffic, landscaping, water supply and drainage, electric power, communication, gas, environmental protection, etc.). );

(three) in line with the technical equipment and application level evaluation standards stipulated by the competent department of urban planning administration of the State Council;

(four) a sound technology, quality, operation and financial management system and effectively implemented;

(five) the registered capital of not less than 800 thousand yuan;

(6) Having a fixed workplace with a per capita construction area of not less than 10 square meter.

Article 7 The scope of urban planning tasks undertaken by Grade A urban planning units is not restricted.

Article 8 Qualification standards for Grade B units of urban planning:

(a) have the corresponding ability to undertake urban planning tasks;

(2) The proportion of personnel with senior technical titles in all professional and technical personnel shall be no less than 15%, including no less than 2 senior urban planners, no less than 1 person for senior architects and no less than 1 person for senior engineers; There are not less than 5 urban planning professionals with intermediate technical titles, and not less than 10 professionals in other professions (architecture, road traffic, landscaping, water supply and drainage, electric power, communication, gas, environmental protection, etc.). );

(3) Conforming to the evaluation standards of technical equipment and application level stipulated by the competent department of urban planning administration of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;

(four) a sound technology, quality, operation, finance and management system and effectively implemented;

(five) the registered capital of not less than 500 thousand yuan;

(6) Having a fixed workplace with a per capita construction area of not less than 10 square meter.

Ninth B city planning units can undertake the following tasks nationwide:

(a) the overall planning of cities with a population of less than 200 thousand and the preparation of various special plans (including revision or adjustment);

(two) the preparation of detailed planning;

(three) to study and formulate opinions on the planning and site selection of large-scale engineering projects;

Article 10 Qualification standards for Grade C units of urban planning:

(a) have the corresponding ability to undertake urban planning tasks;

(2) There are not less than 20 professional and technical personnel, including not less than 2 urban planners, and not less than 5 people with intermediate technical titles in architecture, road traffic, landscaping, water supply and drainage, etc. ;

(3) Having a sound technical, quality, financial and administrative management system and effectively implementing it;

(4) Conforming to the evaluation standards for technical equipment and application level stipulated by the competent department of urban planning administration of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;

(five) the registered capital of not less than 200 thousand yuan;

(6) Having a fixed workplace with a per capita construction area of not less than 10 square meter.

Eleventh class C urban planning units can undertake the following tasks in this province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government:

(a) the preparation and revision of the overall planning of towns;

(two) the preparation of detailed planning for cities with a population of less than 200 thousand;

(three) the preparation of various special plans for cities with a population of less than 200 thousand;

(4) Feasibility study on planning and site selection of small and medium-sized construction projects.

Chapter III Qualification Application and Approval

Twelfth engineering survey and design units, scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning and other units that do not take urban planning as their main business can apply for urban planning qualification. Among them, the full-time personnel engaged in urban planning in urban planning institutions of institutions of higher learning and scientific research units shall not be less than 60% of the total number of technical personnel.

Thirteenth units applying for urban planning qualification shall apply and fill in the "qualification certificate" application form.

To apply for Grade A qualification, the competent department of urban planning administration of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall conduct preliminary examination, and the competent department of urban planning administration of the State Council shall examine and approve the application and issue qualification certificates.

To apply for Grade B or Grade C qualification, the competent department of urban planning administration of the local city or county people's government shall conduct preliminary examination, and the competent department of urban planning administration of the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall examine and approve it, issue a qualification certificate and report it to the competent department of urban planning administration of the State Council for the record.

Fourteenth newly established urban planning units, when they have the corresponding technical personnel, technical equipment and registered capital, can apply for a provisional qualification grade, valid for 2 years. After the expiration of the validity period, the issuing department shall determine its qualification level according to its business situation.

Fifteenth B and C urban planning units can apply for a higher level of urban planning qualification only after obtaining the qualification certificate for three years and meeting the relevant requirements of the urban planning qualification grade standard.

Article 16 When a city planning unit cancels or changes its name, it shall, within 30 days from the date of approval, go through the cancellation or change procedures of the Qualification Certificate at the issuing department.

If a city planning unit is merged or divided, it shall reapply for the qualification certificate within 30 days from the date of approval.

Article 17 If a city planning unit loses its qualification certificate, it shall declare it invalid in the newspaper and apply to the issuing department for a replacement.

Eighteenth "qualification certificate" is valid for 6 years, 3 months before the expiration of the validity period, the city planning unit shall apply to the issuing department for replacement.

Nineteenth "qualification certificate" is divided into original and copy, the original and copy have the same legal effect. "Qualification Certificate" is uniformly printed by the competent department of urban planning administration of the State Council.

Chapter IV Supervision and Administration

Article 20 Grade A and Grade B urban planning units that undertake planning tasks across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and obtain the overall urban planning tasks shall file with the competent urban planning administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the tasks are located; To obtain other tasks of urban planning, it shall be filed with the competent department of urban planning administration of the people's government of the city or county where the task is located.

Article 21. Among the branches established by Grade A and Grade B urban planning units across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, institutions with the nature of independent legal persons shall apply for qualification certificates in accordance with these Provisions. Institutions that are not independent legal persons may not undertake business in the name of branches.

Twenty-second two or more urban planning units cooperate in the preparation of urban planning, and the relevant planning units shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 20, report to the corresponding competent department where the task is located.

Article 23 It is forbidden to subcontract urban planning tasks.

It is forbidden for units and individuals without "Qualification Certificate" to undertake urban planning tasks in any name.

Twenty-fourth license issuing departments or their authorized agencies shall implement the annual inspection system for the qualifications of urban planning units.

City planning is not in accordance with the provisions of the annual inspection or qualification inspection unqualified, the issuing department may order it to handle or rectification within a time limit. If it fails to handle or rectify within the time limit, the issuing department may announce the withdrawal of its qualification certificate.

Twenty-fifth city planning units in the preparation of city planning and the planning results submitted shall conform to the laws, regulations and rules of the state on city planning, and conform to the relevant standards and norms of city planning.

Twenty-sixth urban planning units to submit urban planning results, it should be indicated on the title page of the document unit qualification grade and certificate number.

Article 27 The competent department of urban planning administration of the people's government of a city at or above the county level shall order the relevant planning units to revise or re-compile the final planning results that do not meet the quality requirements submitted by the planning units.

Chapter V Legal Liability

Article 28 Where a unit without qualification certificate undertakes urban planning business, the competent department of urban planning administration of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order it to stop compiling, refuse to recognize its planning achievements, and impose a fine of not less than 30,000 yuan but not more than 6,543,800 yuan.

Twenty-ninth urban planning units beyond the scope of the qualification certificate to undertake planning tasks, the competent department of urban planning administration of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall give a warning. If the circumstances are serious, the issuing department shall declare the qualification certificate invalid and withdraw the qualification certificate.

Article 30 Where a Grade A or Grade B urban planning unit violates the provisions of Article 20 and undertakes planning tasks across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the competent department of urban planning administration of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the task is located shall give it a warning, order it to go through filing procedures and impose a fine of 6,543,800 yuan to 30,000 yuan.

Thirty-first one of the following acts, the competent department of urban planning administration of the local people's government at or above the county level shall not approve the planning results, shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, and shall be fined 1000 yuan to 30000 yuan; By the issuing department announcement "qualification certificate" invalid, withdraw the "qualification certificate":

(a) fraudulent use of the "qualification certificate";

(2) Altering, forging, transferring, selling, leasing or lending the qualification certificate;

(3) Subcontracting urban planning tasks.

Thirty-second submitted planning results do not meet the requirements, given a warning by the competent department of urban planning administration of the local people's government at or above the county level; If the circumstances are serious, the issuing department shall declare the qualification certificate invalid and withdraw the qualification certificate.

Article 33 Any staff member of the competent department of urban planning administration who neglects his duty, abuses his power or engages in malpractices for personal gain in the qualification management of urban planning units shall be given administrative sanctions; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 34 Urban planning units with Grade A, Grade B and Grade C qualifications may prepare town and village plans.

Article 35 The Ministry of Construction shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Provisions.

Article 36 These Provisions shall come into force on March 1 2006, and the Measures for the Administration of Qualification of Urban Planning and Design Units issued by the Ministry of Construction 1992 and the Supplementary Provisions on the Administration of Qualification of Urban Planning and Design Units issued by the Ministry of Construction 1993 shall be abolished at the same time.