What ethnic groups and festivals are there in China?

56 ethnic groups:

1. Zhuang 2. Tibetan 3. Yugur 4. Yi 5. Yao 6. Xibe 7. Uzbek 8. Uygur 9. Wa 1. Tujia 11. Tu 12. tatar people 13. Tajik 14. Shui 15. She 16. Salar 17. Manchu 27. Luoba 28. Lisu 29. Li 3. Lahu 31. Kirgiz 32. Jingpo 33. Jing 34. Jino 35. Hui 36. Hezhe 37. Kazak 38. Hani 39. Gelao 49. Buyi 52. Bulang 53. Baoan 54. Bai 55. Achang 56. Han nationality

The official holidays in China are: New Year (January 1st), with a national holiday; During the Spring Festival (Lunar New Year), the whole country has a three-day holiday; International Women's Day (March 8); Arbor Day (March 12th); International Labor Day (May 1st), with a national holiday of three days; China Youth Day (May 4th); Nurses' International Festival (May 12th); Children's Day (June 1st); China * * * the anniversary of the birth of the production party (July 1st); China People's Liberation Army Army Day (August 1); Teacher's Day (September 1th); National Day (October 1st), the whole country has a three-day holiday; Journalists' Day (November 8th). The deputies to the National People's Congress put forward that traditional festivals should be included in legal holidays

China's New Year's Day is said to have originated in Zhuan Xu, one of the three emperors and five emperors, with a history of more than 3, years. The word "New Year's Day" first appeared in the Book of Jin: "Zhuan Di took the first month of Meng Xia as the yuan, but it was actually the Spring of New Year's Day". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Xiao Ziyun's poem Jieya in the Southern Dynasties also recorded "New Year's Day in Four Seasons, Long Life in Early Spring". > >

The major traditional festivals in China include Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. In addition, all ethnic minorities also keep their own traditional festivals, such as the Water-splashing Festival of the Dai nationality, the Nadam Festival of the Mongolian nationality, the Torch Festival of the Yi nationality, the Danu Festival of the Yao nationality, the March Street of the Bai nationality, the Song Fair of the Zhuang nationality, the Tibetan calendar year and the Wangguo Festival, and the jump flower festival of the Miao nationality.

Spring Festival is the first traditional festival in China. In the past, the Spring Festival was called "New Year" because according to the lunar calendar that has been used in China's history, this day is the first day of the first month and the beginning of a new year. According to records, the people of China have celebrated the Spring Festival for more than 4, years, which was initiated by Yu Shun. One day more than two thousand years BC, Shun was the emperor, leading his subordinates to worship heaven and earth. Since then, people have regarded this day as the beginning of the year, which is the first day of the first month. It is said that this is the origin of the Lunar New Year, which was later called the Spring Festival. After the Revolution of 1911, China adopted the Gregorian calendar, and the Lunar New Year was renamed "Spring Festival" (from late January to mid-February). During the Spring Festival, families put up Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures and decorate their rooms. The night before the Spring Festival is called "New Year's Eve", which is an important moment for family reunion. The whole family get together and have a sumptuous "New Year's Eve". Many people stay up all night, which is called "Shounian". The next day, everyone began to "pay New Year greetings" to relatives and friends, greeting each other and wishing all the best in the new year. During the Spring Festival, lion dance, dragon lantern dance, boating and stilt walking are the most common traditional recreational activities. > >

The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival, also known as Shangyuan Festival, Yuanye Festival and Lantern Festival. This is the first full moon night after the Spring Festival. According to legend, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (179-157 BC) celebrated zhou bo's investigation and suppression of the Zhulu Rebellion on the 15th day of the first month. Every night, he would go out to play in the palace and have fun with the people, and designated the 15th day of the first month as the Lantern Festival. Sima Qian founded taichu calendar, which listed the Lantern Festival as a major festival. Since the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been in full swing. "Sui Shu Musical Records" Day: "Every time in the first month, all nations come to Korea and stay in Jianguomen, outside Duanmen, until the 15th, which stretches for eight miles." Tens of thousands of people participated in singing and dancing, from faint to dull. With the changes of society and times, the customs of Lantern Festival have changed greatly, but it is still a traditional folk festival in China. After the Lantern Festival, there are customs of eating Yuanxiao and watching lanterns. Yuanxiao is round with glutinous rice flour as the skin and fruit and sugar stuffing inside, which is a symbol of "reunion". Lantern Festival began in the first century A.D., and it is still popular all over the world. On the night of the Lantern Festival, many cities hold lantern festivals and display all kinds of colored lights, which are novel and varied in shape. In rural areas, recreational activities are held, such as setting off fireworks, walking on stilts, playing dragon lanterns, dancing yangko and swinging. > >

the zhonghe festival is on the second day of the second lunar month, commonly known as the dragon heads up. At this time, before and after the fright, spring returns to the earth, and everything recovers. Insects, snakes and beasts that are dormant in the soil or caves will wake up from hibernation, and the legendary dragon will also wake up from deep sleep, hence the name "Dragon Head Up". In ancient times, dragons were sacred symbols, so they were used to drive out pests. In the Ming Dynasty, smoked worms were popular. On February 2nd, people would fry the cakes left over from New Year's Day sacrifices to smoke beds and kang, which was called smoked worms. In rural areas, people use plant ash to meander around the house, and then go around the water tank in the hospital, which leads to the dragon's return. Interestingly, the diet on this day is also named after dragons. Eating dumplings is called eating dragon's ears, eating spring cakes is called eating Long Lin, and eating noodles is called eating dragon's whiskers. This is probably the name of the present "Longxu Noodles". Children shave their heads and get a haircut on this day, which is called "shaving tap". On this day, women still don't sew, which is said to avoid hurting longan. There are also candles to shine on the walls of houses, and there is a saying that "on February 2, shine on the beams, scorpions and centipedes have nowhere to hide". However, this festival has been forgotten by people now, but there are still customs such as eating spring cakes. > >

Tomb-sweeping in Qingming Festival is around April 5th in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the March Festival in ancient times, has a history of more than 2, years. Tomb-Sweeping Day is around April 5th in Gregorian calendar, which is one of the 24 solar terms. Among the 24 solar terms, Qingming is the only one that is both a solar term and a festival. Tomb-Sweeping Day used to be a festival to worship ancestors, but now more activities are held on this day to sweep the tombs of martyrs and mourn the martyrs. During the Qingming Festival, the weather gets warmer and the plants sprout again. People often go hiking, fly kites and enjoy the spring scenery in the suburbs together, so Tomb-Sweeping Day is sometimes called "Walking Festival". > >

Dragon Boat Festival in memory of patriotic ancestors The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, whose real name is "Dragon Boat Festival". Volume 31 of Taiping Yu Lan quotes the sentence "Midsummer is five days, the end is five days, and the beginning is also the beginning" in the local customs. It is generally believed that it came into being in memory of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet in China. Qu Yuan (about 34 BC-278 BC) was a native of Chu during the Warring States Period. He was unable to realize his political ideals and was unable to save the demise of Chu. When the State of Qin destroyed Chu, he threw himself into the Guluo River with a boulder on the fifth day of May. When the riverside people learned that, they sailed to salvage Qu Yuan's body. In memory of this great patriotic poet, later generations designated this day as the Dragon Boat Festival. During this festival, people have the custom of carrying sachets, eating zongzi and racing dragon boats. Sacks represent Qu Yuan's moral integrity, which will last forever: Zongzi was originally designed to prevent fish from eating Qu Yuan's body and later became holiday food, while rowing a dragon boat meant to rescue Qu Yuan. > >

The seventh night of the seventh lunar month, called "Tanabata", is the legendary day when the cowherd and the weaver girl meet each other every year. It's evening, and the fruit of Chen is in the court, and the girl is wearing a seven-hole needle. It is said that it is wise to wear it first. The "Qiaoqiao Festival" is also called "Girls' Day" because most girls participate. > >

The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of July in the lunar calendar. It is the birthday of the legendary magistrate, so it is also called "Ghost Festival". On this day, Buddhists will set up a "Bonsai", give alms to monks, hold chanting ceremonies, and hold religious activities such as land and water Dojo and river lanterns. China started to set up the "Yulanbenzhai" in Liang Wudi (the first half of the 6th century). At present, it is rare to set up a "orchid basin" among the people, but the custom of putting river lanterns is still handed down in some areas.

Mid-Autumn Festival is the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar, also known as "Reunion Festival". August 15th is in autumn, hence the name "Mid-Autumn Festival". The Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the ritual of offering sacrifices to the moon in autumn by ancient emperors. Since Wei, Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties, it has gradually evolved into the custom of enjoying the moon. The word "Mid-Autumn Festival" first appeared in the book "Zhou Li", and it was in the Tang Dynasty that a national festival really formed. It is said that the formation of this important festival of the Chinese nation is related to the story of "Tang Minghuang sleepwalking in the Moon Palace". In ancient times, during the Mid-Autumn Festival, people sacrificed refined cakes to the moon god. After the sacrifice, the whole family shared it, indicating family reunion. This custom has been passed down to this day. > >

The Double Ninth Festival is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, and it is a festival that rose after Wei and Jin Dynasties. The names of "Double Ninth Festival" and "Double Ninth Festival" originated in the Three Kingdoms period. There are mainly five traditional customs. First, climb the mountain. At this time, the autumn is crisp and the scenery is pleasant. It is a good season for traveling, which can not only cultivate interest, but also benefit health. The second is to insert dogwood, which can drive autumn mosquitoes and kill pests. The third is drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums. September of the lunar calendar is the time when chrysanthemums are in full bloom. Watching all kinds of chrysanthemums and drinking several cups of chrysanthemum wine are also the joy of the Double Ninth Festival. The fourth is to eat Chongyang cake. People make the grain into a white and delicious rice cake, which is called Chongyang cake, and "cake" is homophonic with "high", which means that eating can be promoted step by step. The fifth is to carry out activities to respect the elderly, and the wind of respecting the elderly in Chongyang has been endless since ancient times.

The eighth day of the twelfth lunar month (also known as the twelfth lunar month), commonly known as Laba. Earlier, it was said that this day was the day when Sakyamuni became a Taoist, and all monasteries cooked porridge to offer sacrifices to the Buddha, which later became a folk custom to show that the grain was abundant.

there is such a folk song; "Every year, every family is busy, and on the 23rd, king of people. There is a table in the middle with two plates of sugar on both sides. A bowl of water with black beans and hay burns a fragrance in the furnace. The head of the family came over to be busy and wished praise, wishing the kitchen king good luck. " It reflects the scene of folk sacrifice to stoves in the past. Because this day is particularly lively, some people even think that this is the "rehearsal" of the Lunar New Year, so it is also called off-year. Now, although there is no more sacrifice to the stove, the Guandong sugar sold around the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is still a traditional food that people like.