History of shuttlecock

Shuttlecock evolved from the ancient Chinese folk shuttlecock game, which is a splendid pearl in the treasure house of Chinese national traditional sports. It adds confrontation on the basis of fun, ornamental and fitness of shuttlecock and integrates the field of badminton, the rules of volleyball and the technique of soccer, which is a kind of sports project to compete with each other across the nets, and it is y loved by the people.

In 1984, the former National Sports Commission listed shuttlecock as an official game and organized a national shuttlecock invitational tournament. Under the advocacy of the government and sports department, shuttlecock game was widely developed in Beijing, Hubei, Shandong, Guangdong, Shanghai, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi and northeast provinces, and various kinds of shuttlecock games were organized one after another all over the country, and more and more people took part in this activity, which fully showed the strong vitality of shuttlecock game. When did the shuttlecock game originate? And who created it? This has long been an issue of great interest to our sports experts. There is a legend that: shuttlecock "created from yuanyuan huangdi". At that time, it was called "shuttlecock", not shuttlecock, is a kind of equipment for practicing warrior. In the Chinese dictionary, "毱" is explained as "皮毛丸", obviously, "皮毛丸" and shuttlecock are two different things. Another legend that: "created from yue wumu, with the plume of the arrow, with the quality of gold and stone, throw the foot and play, in order to release the military boredom." This legend has no reliable evidence, and "arrow" and "shuttlecock" is not the same, is not credible.

According to historical documents and unearthed artifacts prove that the shuttlecock originated in China in the Han Dynasty, prevalent in the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang. Tang "monks biography" two sets of volume 19 "Buddha Zen master biography" in the record: there is a man called trekking to Luoyang, on the way to meet the twelve-year-old Huiguang, in the Tianjie well bar backward shuttlecock, kicked five hundred times in a row, the audience marveled. Tremendous was a native of the Northern Wei Dynasty of the North and South Dynasties (467 - 499 A.D.), and was the grandmaster of the Shaolin Temple in Songshan, Henan Province. He was very fond of Huiguang,

and took him as a disciple, and Huiguang became a young monk of the Shaolin Temple.

Song dynasty Gao Cheng in the "things remember the source" book, the shuttlecock has a more detailed record: "today's children to lead and tin for money, loaded with chicken feathers, called shuttlecock, three or four groups walking kick, there are outside the Lian, drag rob, shrug the knee, sudden belly, the top of the Buddha beads and other colors."

Ming and Qing Dynasties, the shuttlecock further development, about the shuttlecock records are more. Liu Dong, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty and a famous prose writer in the history of China, wrote in "Scenery of the Imperial Capital", "Yang Liu'er Qing puts on the empty clock, Yang Liu'er dies playing shuttlecock." Shuttlecock has become the content of folk proverbs, and developed into a skillful sport of several people playing together. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, shuttlecock had reached its heyday, and more and more people participated in it, not only used it to exercise their body and make health care, but also mentioned shuttlecock and painting and calligraphy, playing chess, flying kite, raising flowers and birds, singing Erhuang, etc. Some people were proud of themselves for playing shuttlecock. Therefore, the shuttlecock activities more widely, especially the youth participants more common, there was such a nursery rhyme: "a shuttlecock, kick two halves of the child, playing flower drums, around the flower line child, in the kick outside the corner of the Eight Immortals, ninety-nine, one hundred." The shuttlecock has been popularized to a considerable extent. Folk shuttlecock enthusiasts are practicing hard, with the method of oral transmission from generation to generation. In Beijing, for example, every time there is a temple fair in the city and the countryside, all kinds of skillful players gather on foot to observe and compete in the game and train the novices, which is very lively. （In the 1930s, a number of nationally renowned shuttlecock players emerged. For example, Tan Junchuan, Jin Yushen, Pu Ziheng, Lin Shaoan in Beijing, Zhou Zhuguo and Chen Hongtai in Shanghai, Yang Jieren in Hebei, Xie Shu'an in Zhejiang, Lu Jincheng in Henan, and so on, the list is endless. Shuttlecock technology has been improved on the basis of popularization, various kicking methods are colorful, difficult renovation movements are endless, different styles of competition, so that the viewers are dazzled and amazed. China's traditional shuttlecock movement, increasingly perfect.

In December 1928, in Shanghai held "Chinese national goods exhibition", held the first shuttlecock public competition, promote the development of this top national sports projects. 1933 March 26th. In nanjing held the first national shuttlecock competition, according to the newspaper at that time reported: "the enrollment participants are quite enthusiastic, among them there are hebei's PuZiHeng, JinYuShen, (editor's note: PuZiHeng, JinYuShen Department of Beijing), YangJieRen three people, for kicking the shuttlecock is very experienced ...... can kick the There are more than one hundred kinds of shuttlecock styles, and all the viewers are praised. In addition, there are famous sportsmen and shuttlecock players to participate in ...... the time will have a lot of lively also. "The result of the competition: Hebei Yang Jieren won the first place in common shuttlecock kick (disk kick) and shuttlecock pattern kick; Beijing athletes Pu Ziheng and Jin Yushen tied for the second place in common shuttlecock kick and pattern kick, the three kicked more than one hundred kinds of patterns, the fourth place kicked thirty kinds of patterns, and the fifth place kicked twenty kinds of patterns." At the awards ceremony, Yang Jieren, Pu Ziheng and Jin Yushen performed again, and a movie documentary was made.

The national sports meeting held in October of the same year, the shuttlecock with boxing, wrestling, slingshot, fencing and other folk sports together, and then the competition. Shanghai athlete Zhou Zhuguo, Beijing athlete Pu Ziheng and Jin Youshen were awarded the first three ordinary kick, Zhejiang athlete Xie Shu'an won the fourth place. Shanghai athlete Chen Hongtai won the special kick (cross kick, Beijing called small shuttlecock) first place, Shanghai athlete Zhou Zhuguo and Beijing athlete Jin Youshen won the second and third place of the special kick, the fourth place for Henan athlete Lu Jincheng. After the game, Beijing athletes Jin Youshen, Pu Ziheng two, but also in Nanjing, Shanghai and other places in some universities, high schools and other units for a number of performances, received all walks of life of people's praise.

But the shuttlecock movement declined after that, until after the establishment of new China, this national sport was gradually restored and developed. 1950, Beijing absorbed the street shuttlecock artists to participate in the acrobatic troupes, specializing in shuttlecock programs, and went abroad for performances, which were warmly welcomed by the foreign audience.

In 1963, shuttlecock and rope skipping were included in the sports activities promoted by the state, and shuttlecock was also included in the physical education textbooks of elementary school.

In June 1961, the Central News Film Studio made a movie of "Flying Shuttlecock", which introduced the history of shuttlecock playing and kicking method, and promoted the development of this sport. More and more people participated in shuttlecock playing in Tianjin, Shanghai, Baoding, Harbin and other places. Shanghai television also image to the general audience recommended shuttlecock movement, Shanghai "youth newspaper" also organized the city's secondary school students "saffron wai" shuttlecock game, lasted more than two months. The northern ice city of Harbin, the number of participants in shuttlecock activities increased year by year, more than half of the city's primary and secondary schools, about more than 350,000 primary and secondary school students took part in the game. 1982, Harbin City, 136 middle school junior high school girl Wang Liping, with more than 1 hour and 28 minutes to 5684 excellent results in the city's primary and secondary school students kicking shuttlecock tournament of the double-legged kick (disk kick) first place. This result, far more than in October 1933, the national sports meeting shuttlecock first place 4986 results.

In China's famous "shuttlecock hometown" one of Hebei Chengde, also appeared a new phenomenon. Every family has shuttlecock, everyone is good at kicking, on New Year's festivals, it is even more lively, the streets and lanes, everywhere you can see the shuttlecock activities, for the festival has added a unique atmosphere of celebration. (The above content is extracted from Guo Qizheng's "shuttlecock" book)

Shuttlecock skill is China's traditional folk sports activities, has a long history, originated in the Han Dynasty. In the archaeological discovery of the Han bricks on the shuttlecock painting. To the Tang and Song dynasties, kicking the shuttlecock is very prevalent, kicking the pattern is also a lot of, the bazaar and the production of shuttlecock stores for sale, the Ming and Qing dynasties began to have a formal shuttlecock tournament, a lot of folk artists love to draw children kicking the shuttlecock vivid scene. The movements and gestures on the "Shuttlecock Diagram" drawn by the folk artists in the Qing Dynasty were similar to those of the modern shuttlecock. By the end of the Qing Dynasty reached its heyday, the shuttlecock skills have been quite high, the kicking method has inside and outside the Lian, drag the gun, shrug, Buddha top beads and other techniques. The number of participants, streets and alleys everywhere, it is not only used to strengthen the body, but also as a way of health to be valued.

According to Qu Dajun, one of the three great masters of Lingnan in the Qing Dynasty, "Guangdong New Words" said that on the fifteenth day of the first month of every year, there was a shuttlecock assembly in Guangzhou, where men, women and children gathered in the Five Immortals' Guan for the competition. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing's folk shuttlecock artists developed into four schools. They have their own skills, different styles and collect disciples, and often set up a ring to compete with the shuttlecock skills. 1912, a sensational shuttlecock performance was held outside the gate of Di'anmen. After the meeting, the shuttlecock skill organization was established.

The first official shuttlecock competition in China was organized by Guangzhou Municipal Sports Committee in 1956, and simple rules were formulated.1984 the spring of "shuttlecock competition rules" was born. It is based on the characteristics of the shuttlecock, absorbing the form of several ball games synthesized. Internationally this sport has been gradually popular in Vietnam, Germany, Hungary, Laos and other countries and regions, also set up the International Shuttlecock Federation, Europe specially set up shuttlecock sports branch, actively promote and carry out the shuttlecock sport, and set up the world championship system. And the level of international shuttlecock competition is also improving, Vietnam and China competitive level is on par with China, together with China among the first group of shuttlecock. And Germany, Hungary and other countries and regions are also very strong. In addition, the shuttlecock to foreign countries produced FOOTBAG movement, the domestic called "fancy sandbags", is also developing and expanding.

Despite the promising development, shuttlecock sport still lacks more government and social support, and faces many difficulties in terms of financial security and personnel training. I hope that the shuttlecock sport can spread to all over the world in the future and contribute to the health of human beings, and I don't want it to be lost in the future generations. I suggest that the national and local authorities can increase their support for the training of personnel, international exchanges and financial guarantee for this kind of non-Olympic sports with a wide mass base and good promotion effect, so as to make Chinese traditional sports flourish on the international stage through more powerful policy guidance and promotion.