Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - According to material 1 and material 2, what are the characteristics of ancient agricultural economy in China?
According to material 1 and material 2, what are the characteristics of ancient agricultural economy in China?
Materials 1 There is a village called Zhu Chen in Gu Feng County, Xuzhou. Going to the county seat for more than one hundred miles, Sang Ma Qing was full of atmosphere. The shuttle creaked and the cow and donkey walked away. Women draw water from streams, while men collect wages from mountains. The county is far from the official, the mountains are deep and the people are vulgar. You can't do business if you have money, and you can't join the army if you have a job. Every household is guarding the business in the village, and its head is too white to go out. Life is a villager, and death is a village dust. -Bai Juyi's Zhu Chencun
Material 2: plowing in spring and summer, harvesting in autumn and winter, chopping wood, governing politics and levying taxes. There is no dust in spring, no heat in summer, no rain in autumn and no cold and freezing in winter. Between four o'clock, I had a rest on the day I died. I was sent to greet him privately and ask questions about my death and raising orphans and children in it. That's how hard it is, but it's still plagued by floods and droughts, and it's urgent and fierce, and it's harvested from time to time. Some people sell half, and the dead get double interest. So there are people who sell farmland houses and lick their children to pay their debts. -Chao Cuo "On Your Millet"
Material 3 The land directly controlled by state power belongs to the state and is a form of state-owned land ownership, which was called "public land" or "official land" at that time. This part of the land is managed by the state, or used to reward and grant land to the people. This is a remnant of the old land system. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the amount became less and less, but it always existed. In private land, in addition to the owner's land ownership, it is the land owned by the landlord, and the land owned by the landlord has many sources. Over time, land annexation has become the main way for landlords to expand real estate.
(1) According to Material 1 and Material 2, what are the characteristics of ancient agricultural economy in China? (2) According to the material 1, what are the characteristics of the small-scale peasant economy? (3) According to the second material, explain the reasons why the small-scale peasant economy is fragile. (4) What types of land ownership does Material 3 involve? What is the development trend?
[Analysis] The key to answering this question is to read the material carefully and summarize the answer from the information provided by the material. The material 1 reflects the traditional economic form of China with self-sufficiency as its main purpose; The second material reflects the fragility of this self-sufficient natural economy. Farmers' income is not only unstable, but also suffers from all kinds of exploitation from closed countries. Once the external environment changes, its tolerance for this change is limited. Material 3 relates to the ancient land system and development trend of China, as long as it is carefully searched and summarized from the materials.
[answer]
(1) Self-sufficient natural economy is the basic mode of production in Chinese traditional agricultural society. (2) The production unit is family, and the main form is men's farming and women's weaving. The purpose of production is to meet their own needs and pay taxes. (3) yeomen are the main undertakers of national taxes and corvees, and excessive pressure forces the small-scale peasant economy to be very fragile. (4) State-owned land ownership, owner (farmer) land ownership and landlord land ownership. Among them, the land ownership of landlords is dominant and developing day by day, while the other two are relatively shrinking.
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