A Brief Introduction to the French Literature Author simone de beauvoir's Other People's Blood

A Brief Introduction to the French Literature Author simone de beauvoir's Other People's Blood | Content Summary | Appreciation of Works

Author introduction simone de beauvoir (1908-) is a famous French existentialist writer. She was born in a well-off family between the nobility and the bourgeoisie in Paris. She loved reading since she was a child and was deeply influenced by traditional culture. She has been an excellent student since middle school. She studied in Catholic College and Paris University successively, and obtained a bachelor's degree in philosophy at 1926. 1928, together with the later academic leaders Melo Ponty and Levi Strauss, she obtained the qualification of teacher title. The next year, she met Sartre, who felt "awe" of his knowledge and became his lifelong companion, but refused his marriage request to keep her free. Beauvoir has taught in Marseille, Rouen, Paris and other places for more than ten years. 1943, she published her first novel "Female Guest" based on her personal experience, and embarked on the road of professional writer. Among existentialist writers, her position is second only to Sartre's, and she has written many works in succession: the script The Mouth of Idle Rice (1945), the novel Other People's Blood (1945), No one died (19 16) and Compared with literary creation, Beauvoir's academic works seem to have a greater influence. The masterpiece The Second Sex was first published in Modern magazine hosted by Sartre in 1948, which established her position in French ideological circles. Since the late 1950s, Beauvoir has devoted herself to the creation of memoirs: Memories of a Clever Girl (1958), Thirty Years (1960) and The Power of the Times (1963). 1980 After Sartre died, she wrote a touching farewell ceremony (198 1). From then on, Beauvoir lived in seclusion. Beauvoir opposed the literary view of "art for art's sake", believed that literature must interfere in politics and life, and advocated "intervention" in literature. Her novels have a distinct ideological tendency and are keen to express the spirit of the times, explore the thoughts and doubts of contemporary people and fully express her existential philosophy.

We sat on the bed, Helen was lying on the bed, dying, and the doctor said she wouldn't survive tonight ... The past was like smoke, vividly. In the 1930s, the bourgeoisie was full of thoughts, and the working class struggled for survival. Jean Brauma broke with the bourgeois family, became a printer and joined the trade union movement led by * * * *. Marcel and Jacques are his best friends. Jacques with a gun was killed in a clash with the police. He gave the pistol to Jacques, but Jacques died for it. Other people's blood. Release * * *. Other people's blood was lost for nothing. He is still engaged in the trade union movement, but he doesn't ask politics. He believes that trade unions should only strive for better living conditions for workers, that's all. His friend Paul is different. Paul asked about politics. By chance, I met Paul's lover Helen, and Helen fell in love with him. Helen is brave, enterprising and aggressive. She broke up with Paul. But let his girlfriend, he shut Helen out. She retaliated by spending the night with a rogue and then getting pregnant. The pain of abortion was borne in Brauma's bed. She loves him. He can't refuse such love. He said he loved her, too, which is a lie, but lying can make others happy. Why not lie? Helen likes brand-new bicycles and sweet chocolates best. When she first met Jean, she ordered him to steal the landlady's bike. Now she just needs Jean, and she feels very satisfied, because Jean says he loves her, too. She turned down the rare opportunity to work in the United States because she didn't want to be separated from Jean. She said, "You said everyone has his own interests ..." This is a bleak and frustrating time. Jacques died, Marcel was a talented painter, but he became depressed day by day, and he chose to do nothing. Marcel's wife Denise wants to write a novel. Dennis is as concerned about politics as Paul. But her novel was a complete failure, so to be honest, she was disheartened from then on, and she and Marcel separated. Turbulent times. German fascism is rampant. Let the organization go on strike, and the trade union movement occupied everything; Marcel plays chess all day. They are indifferent to politics. Fascists also choose their own existence. Fascists entered the Sudetenland, followed by Czechoslovakia and Poland ... Peace must be saved. Then you have to back down. Concession is peace. The Czech Republic is at peace; Poland is at peace; Peace under fascist iron fist. The French are getting nervous. The Germans finally extended their claws to France. Marcel was put into a labor camp. Jean Brauma made another choice. He joined the army. When an ordinary soldier fell in the trench. You can't let others bleed. But bleeding for what? A paper transfer order. Helen transferred Joan back to Paris through connections. "She did it!" It makes people furious. He and Helen are strange strange bedfellows after all. He can't forgive her. But Helen said firmly, "I don't want you to die." You can break up with me, you can hit me, you can do whatever you want: I still think it's better than a shell blowing your head off. "They broke up. War broke out. The Germans invaded Paris. Marcel's labor camp moved to Germany. Dennis and Helen fled the city. Let the wounded retire. The partners have different opinions. Some union members openly accept the occupation and intend to "seek the interests of workers" under the new rules. Let me make another choice. He stayed in Paris and set up an underground resistance organization. Once they attacked the Gestapo, but a large number of hostages were shot. What are you doing all this for? " In order to let the French know that this is a war. "Peace under occupation is not peace, they must do something. On the way back, Helen gave her seat to a pair of desperate mother and son. She returned to Paris. " Now the Germans are here. And my existence has not changed. "Since it is doomed, getting along with the Germans is not necessarily a kind of existence. She accepted an invitation from a German and decided to work in Berlin. However, Dennis looked at her, Marcel looked at her and Yvonne looked at her. " They're all looking at me. Helen stopped on the dance floor. She struggled to get rid of the German arms: "I don't think I can go to Berlin," she said. Everyone chooses to exist. Marcel returned home from the labor camp. He learned to play chess blindfolded in the labor camp and can deal with seven sets at the same time. But now he says to Jean Brauma, "Give me some tasks. "People can't play chess under any system. The reconciled Marcel and Dennis risked their lives to host an underground activity stronghold. Reminds me of Jacques ... his blood. Helen's best friend yvonne is a Jewish girl, and fascism will determine her existence. Helen asked for help. Let's promise to help Yvonne infiltrate the free zone. Helen suddenly blurted out, "Joan, I want to work with you." ""It's dangerous work, "said Joan." That's not important. You once told me that in order to make your life meaningful, you could even risk death. "She chose her own existence. Helen drove well and accomplished the task well. It's Helen with courage, courage and courage. ...... At this moment, she is lying in bed dying: "I killed you," let me meditate painfully: it will always be someone else's blood. " The first was Jacques, and now it's her turn ... "That was to rescue Paul. The first operation failed, and Helen insisted on being single for the second time. Let long summer disagree, he wants to go together. " You shouldn't take part in any dangerous action outside. This is an absolute subject. ""I know, "said Joan." I sent others to die, but I couldn't find the fate with them. ""You will be by my side, "she said." Distance is nothing. You will always be by my side. "Let's hold her tightly in our arms: she's right, and nothing can separate us now. He loves her. She will love him forever. Paul was saved. But Helen was shot in the chest. The doctor said she wouldn't make it through the night. Let's lean down and kiss her cheek with our lips. " Helen, you know, I love you. ""Yes, now you really love me. " "I shouldn't have promised you to go. She smiled: "You have no right to decide my affairs." I decide my own business. "Always this sentence. She hasn't changed. She is dead. " The first is Jacques ... "It's always someone else's blood. You gave me the courage to take risks and anxiety forever, and the courage to bear the sin and guilt that made me feel infinitely sad. There is no other way.

The work Blood of Others is a typical novel to explain existentialism. There is an important proposition in existentialism theory, which is "free choice". Sartre said: "Freedom is freedom of choice, not freedom of not choosing. Not choosing is actually choosing not to choose ... which leads to the absurdity of freedom. " A man's fate is not decided by God or a fairy, but by himself. If you want to make your life valuable, you must consciously control your own destiny. Based on this theory, Other People's Blood focuses on how young people choose their own life path, and puts the protagonist in the most severe national survival, which makes this choice more solemn and extraordinary. Jean Brauma went through a painful process of choice. Born in a bourgeois family, he witnessed the miserable life of the working class and was influenced by progressive thoughts. He was determined to fight for "no war, no unemployment, no labor and no poverty", but his father prevented him from taking part in * * *, so he chose * * between his family and * * *. However, the death of his good friend Jacques made him feel deeply guilty and thought that his behavior was done with other people's blood, so he quit. German fascists occupied Paris, and Brauma, who was wounded and retired from the front line, once again faced a choice. He chose to fight actively. Although the action he organized caused German revenge, shed other people's blood and even lost his lover Helen's life, Brauma finally understood that everyone has the right to go his own way, as long as it leads to a valuable goal. Helen, another protagonist in the book, has a short life full of choices. Her choice either made her physically and mentally miserable (she chose Jean between Paul and Jean, but the latter turned her away, and in retaliation, she spent the night with a rogue, resulting in pregnancy and miscarriage), or her conscience was condemned (she had a good relationship with the Germans when Paris fell). Only the last choice-fighting for the liberation of the motherland, can make her feel happy, even at the expense of bloodshed. The fate of the country made people like Marcel, who was decadent and depressed, and Denise, who lost confidence in life, make the right choice and join the resistance movement. It can be seen that Beauvoir's "free choice" is a choice with strong tendency, that is, this choice should be for the benefit of most people and for the just cause. Only this kind of choice can bring real "freedom" to people, and people's self-worth can be truly reflected. Jean Brauma and Helen can be said to be heroes of free choice. They realize that they have the freedom to make choices and make full use of this freedom to make choices. Their choice is active rather than passive. Other people's blood is quite profound in expressing the relationship between people. Let's go to the rally. His friend was killed, he led the resistance movement, innocent hostages were shot, and all his actions seemed to be stained with other people's blood. In front of him is a sharp question: should we stop resisting or have the heart to let people spill blood on the execution ground? This problem shows that in this world, not only people with direct blood relationship have contradictions and conflicts, but even unrelated people are mutually exclusive as long as they exist in this world. Beauvoir did not isolate this opposition, but unified it from a higher angle. It is necessary to exchange the blood of others for the liberation of the motherland and the interests of the nation, and to drive away fascism. Here, the author expresses another dialectical view: that is, the relationship between people not only has the opposite side, but also has the side of unity and service for higher goals. After reading this book, we find that the author's writing skills are greatly innovative compared with traditional novels. The author emphasizes the reader's subjective initiative and requires readers to participate in the author's creation. What is presented to readers is not a coherent story in one go. The plot is intermittent and jumping badly, much like some story fragments. Readers must use association and imagination to complete their creation with the author. Although the narrative method is not completely divorced from tradition, many places adopt the techniques of stream of consciousness and inner monologue, and even have the same effect with the works of the new novel school that rose later in many aspects. In chronological order, the author deliberately disrupted it and let it run with the protagonist's thoughts. The story tells the story of nearly twenty or thirty years, but the central plot of the novel takes place at Helen's bedside when she is dying, which makes the story concise and condensed. Another unique feature of this novel is that the author changed his personal name greatly, used different personal names to narrate in different situations, inserted a lot of inner monologues in the narrative process, and highlighted them in italics. This technique makes the structure of the novel ups and downs, vivid but not rigid, and has a strong sense of rhythm.