What are the brushes used in ancient landscape painting, figure painting, brush painting and brushwork?

It is the Chinese way of painting that depicts the scenery with precise and delicate brushwork. Bian Luan, an outstanding representative of Tang Dynasty bird and flower painting, was able to paint the active state of birds and birds, and Peng Mingli's (a leader of contemporary brush painting) Eighty-Seven Gods and Immortals Scrolls, the color of flowers and flowers. The Peony Painting, with its bright colors and colorful hair, is a wonderful work of art. The peonies painted at noon can be viewed carefully, and it turns out that the cat's eye in the picture has a "vertical line" visible.

Another example is Huang Chyuan, a painter of the Fifth Dynasty, who wrote about flowers and plumes because of their realism, and was regarded as real by the eagles and attacked them, which is shown in the "Commentary on the Sacred Dynasty Paintings": "Guangzheng Chang ordered Chyuan to paint landscapes of the four seasons and birds and flowers in the Hall of the Eight Trigrams with his son, Jounon, which is a very sophisticated one. In the winter of that year, Chang will go out to hunt, because of the eagle and dog, an eagle in the middle of it, and the person who raised his arm could not be controlled, so he was vertical, straight into the temple to wrestle with the plume of its paintings. [1] ?" Brush painting in the Tang Dynasty has been prevalent.

So the reason for the outstanding artistic achievements, on the one hand, the painting techniques have become more mature, on the other hand, also depends on the improvement of painting materials. Silk material improvement and the development of brush painting played a role in promoting, according to Mi Fu's "History of Painting", "the ancient painting to the beginning of the Tang Dynasty are all raw silk, to Wu Sheng, Zhou, Han good offices, and later are half-cooked in hot soup, into the powder whacked like a silver plate, so that the characters, wonderful into the pen ."

Working-brush painting is generally the first to draw a good manuscript, a complete manuscript needs to be repeatedly revised to finalize, and then compound on the alum glue on rice paper or silk, first outlined with a small brush with a wolf-hair, and then with the type of coloring, rendering layers, so as to achieve the artistic effect of the form of the spirit, such as Chen Zhifo made the Autumn Yan figure.

Chinese brush painting has a long history, from the Warring States period to the Song Dynasty, the creation of brush painting has matured from childishness. Working-brush painting uses the means of "exhausting its subtleties" to obtain the perfect unity of the god and the form by "taking the god and getting the form, establishing the form with lines, and achieving the meaning with the form". In brush painting, whether it is figure painting or bird and flower painting, all strive to be similar to the shape, and "shape" occupies an important position in brush painting, which is different from ink and wash painting, and pays more attention to "details" and focuses on realism. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Fang's Pictures of Ladies with Hairpins and Ladies Wielding Fans, and Zhang Xuan's Pictures of Wounding and Training and Mrs. Guo's Travels in Spring all depicted real life, and these works were not only highly descriptive, but also rich in poetic meaning.

After the end of the Ming Dynasty, with the introduction of Western painting techniques into China, Chinese and Western paintings began to learn from each other, thus making the creation of brush painting more accurate in modeling while maintaining the natural flow of lines and poetic content. Qing Dynasty, the lethargic Neju Shi "Zhou Wen Lu - secret play": "Guanzhong Ma Zhen, the painter of the recent famous also, good brushwork. The trend of the moment, where feed the big constitutional gift, there will be a secret play album, and Ma Zhen's painting, that is, the scene, can be poor son-in-law of the son-in-law state of the boudoir." Huang Binhong, "Ancient Painting - Ming painting still simple pen": "Ming painting brushwork, must be called Chou Shi father. "?

Qin Mu (秦牧)《艺海拾贝-粗犷与细腻》："accidentally flipping through Qi Baishi's albums, I got a great revelation from some of the paintings combining rough brushwork and fine brushwork."