What is the specific situation of a play? (except Tibetan opera)

Huai Bang is an ancient local opera in Henan. Foreigners commonly call it "Old Huai Bang", "Little Bangzi", "Huaidiao" and "Huaiqing Bangzi". Mainly popular in Huaiqing Prefecture (now Qinyang, Boai, Jiyuan, Mengzhou, Wenxian, Wuzhi, Xiuwu, Yuanyang and Huozhou).

At present, there are different opinions about the origin of Huai Bang: According to Wang Tingshun, an old artist (1892- 1983), "as early as the end of the Ming Dynasty, when Chongzhen hanged himself, there were Huai Bang operas in Qinyang". It was recorded in the Memorial Book of the First Opera Performance in Henan Province (150 years ago). Today, there is still a saying: "If you take off your pants and clothes, you must look at the silver against the Western Tang Dynasty, and if you sell garlic and ginger, you must look at your old age." Li Guoan, an old opera fan, recalled: During the long years of Qing Dynasty, there were performances by Huai Bang Opera Troupe in Huaiqing Prefecture, which was called Opera Troupe, Opera Troupe and Poseidon Drama at that time: "Before and after the founding of New China, there were about 50 Huai Bang Clubs in Huaiqing Prefecture, including Jianghu Clubs, Dragon and Tiger Clubs, Fun Clubs, Sanqing Clubs, Le Yi Clubs, Yongsheng Clubs, Flame Clubs, Qinhe Clubs and so on.

Huai Bang has a history of more than 300 years, and enjoys more than 30 famous old artists in "Gaiba County", mainly including Guo Jingyuan, Jing Wanquan (), Tian Laizhu, Miao Xinfa, Zhang Shuzhu (Mazhu), Hulu, Xiaolan, Meatball, Red Cone, Li, Yu Guangsheng, Li Fagui and Zhao (Mao Yi). In the past, there were no actresses in Huai Bang, and all the roles were played by actors. The first Fang Yue appeared after 1945 and 1953, and the first actresses appeared in Huai Bang. They are Wang Xiurong, Ding Xiuzhi, Wang Fenglan, Qin Sufang (Xiao Kuan) and Zhao Yuqing. Since then, the history of Huai Bang without actresses has ended.

Huai Bang has his own unique style in singing and performing arts. His singing is impassioned, his performance is rough and unrestrained, and he is good at performing dynasty plays. Most of the plays are twins, Shuang Dan and two-faced people.

Because Huai Bang is a banqiang, you must beat the rhythm with dates when singing. The lyrics are mostly seven sentences, and the cross-sentences are long and short sentences, which correspond to each other from top to bottom and rhyme with the rhythm, and the structure is basically regular. There are more than 300 traditional dramas in Huai Bang, and nearly 100 modern fashion dramas have been staged. Representative plays include: Anti-Xijing, Gu Huai Case, Zhang Chun Drunk, All the Young and the Old, The Red Pearl Girl, The Three Houses of the Qin Dynasty, Yuanmen Slaughter, Peach Blossom Temple, Fengyi Pavilion, Lao Zhengdong, Birthday of Five Women and Yang Paifeng.

From 1953 to 1963, there were about 500 amateur Huai Bang troupes in Xinxiang 14 cities and counties. Unfortunately, after ten years of turmoil, most of them were forced to stop their activities or change their doors. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, many rural amateur troupes rejoined the army and performed on stage. So far, they have performed in six cities and counties in Jiaozuo.

According to relevant historical records, the development of this kind of drama was unstoppable in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. There used to be "Five Houses", namely, Zhangdefu (Anyang City), Weihui House (Jixian City), Huaiqing House (Qinyang City), Daming House and Shunde House (Xingtai City), including Guangping House, which spread to Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Yangquan, Changzhi City and the west. Huai Bang is still singing in Zanhuang County of Shijiazhuang and Xin 'an County of Luoyang.

From 65438 to 0956, Qin Yang has participated in 2 5 national, provincial, local and municipal opera performances, exhibitions and competitions since he established a professional troupe, and won more than 40 awards such as performance, director, music, beauty and individual actor. There are 5 China prizes, 2 provincial first prizes, 7 second prizes and 3 rd prizes 14. Many excellent plays and arias are often recorded and played by the central and provincial and municipal radio and television stations, and materials such as Huai Bang Music Integration, Huai Bang Art, Huai Bang Aria Selection and Huai Bang Forum Collection are edited and published at the national and provincial levels. It is worth mentioning that in 1992, "Guhuai Case" won three awards at a discount in the performance of "The First Troupe in the World", and Huai Bang Troupe was named "The First Troupe in the World" by the Ministry of Culture.

Sophora japonica:

Nanyang music. Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty was formed in Luyan Village, Shayan Town, Xinye County. On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, it was on the verge of extinction. 196 1 year, Xinye Cultural Center recorded the lyrics and music scores of 7 tracks1year, such as "Da Man Chuan", "Xian Sao", "Cui Luo Dou" and "Cha Men", etc., which made this kind of music spread to this day.

There are only four phrases in the basic tune of Sophora japonica. [Stack clause] is the main carrier of narrative. The accompaniment instrument originally had only a small gong and a big drum. After being put on the stage in the 1960s, octagonal drums and silk and bamboo instruments were added. And the single mouth and double mouth were changed to multi-mouth singing, and the music sung was also greatly enriched. Cao, Tian, Lu and other new songs, such as Lovers and Pretty Woman, are more influential.

Gong and drum music:

Popular in Xichuan County. Named after the accompaniment of gongs and drums. Also known as "Lou Deng Le". It is associated with folk songs in the form of rap stories. Most of these tunes are popular local folk tunes, folk songs, Tian Ge and songs. There are more than 60 kinds such as [four or six sentences], [Xiahe tune] and [five tables of crying]. Most songs are about work life and love stories. Such as The Little Widow's Tomb, The Fire Burning Pomegranate, Playing with Teeth, Wu's Youchun, etc. In the 1970s, Xichuan Quyi Team put it on the stage to sing. Gongs and drums are also popular in Shangnan, Shaanxi and Xunyang, Hubei.

Drum words:

Also known as "Drum Hum", "Drum Ci" and "Ploughshare Drum". When a person sings, he plays two steel plates with his left hand and drums with his right hand. The aria is a plate-shaped variant with no melody, which is more like talking and singing. Concentrated in zhenping county, mainly distributed in Nanyang, Sheqi, Tanghe, Xinye and Fangcheng counties. The introduction time can no longer be verified. According to the unified statement of drum artists, it was from Zhang Wannian, an artist from Shanxian County, Shandong Province in the Qing Dynasty. 1930, Nanyang has spread to 2 1 generation. Before the 1920s, drum words prevailed. Since then, due to the incoming impact of Henan pendant, it has gradually declined.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), singing activities revived. In 1970s, Li, a rap group of Nanyang City, joined the three-string accompaniment and improved the singing style to "Nanyang Drum".

The traditional repertoire of Guci is rich in content, including more than 50 long books such as Bao Gong 'an and Cross Slope.

Pu opera:

Lingbao is commonly known as random play. Because Zhou Pu in Shaanxi is the birthplace of Pu Opera, also called Zhou Pu Bangzi. It flowed into Lingbao in the late Qing Dynasty. Because Lingbao and the birthplace of Pu Opera are only separated by a river (Yellow River), the language and living habits are basically the same, and Pu Opera is easily accepted and loved. Therefore, although it belongs to other provinces, Pu Opera quickly took root and spread in Lingbao and developed into a major drama.

Wanbang:

Wanbang is a local opera that grows and is popular in Nanyang, Henan. She was formed in the late Ming Dynasty and completed in the Qing Dynasty, with a history of more than 300 years. People have long called it "Nanyang Tune, Lao Bangzi and Nanyang Bangzi", because Nanyang is called Wan for short, and it was renamed "Wan Bangzi" after liberation.

Wanbang has rich tunes, passionate singing, high and bold voice, and the male voice is loud, giving people a rough and bold feeling. In particular, the high-pitched coloratura of female voice is beautiful and clear, and the "chirp" sound from the main string is like a bird's song, which is the main feature of its vocal cavity and can be called a must.

Attachment: Introduction of Art Troupe

Neixiang Wanbang Troupe was founded in 105 1. At present, it is the only professional troupe of Wanbangzi in China. It was named "The First Troupe in the World" by the Ministry of Culture 1992, and was jointly awarded the honorary title of "Advanced Collective of Cultural Work in Henan Province" by the Personnel Department and the Culture Department of Henan Province in 2000. 200 1 was awarded the honorary title of "National Advanced Collective of Cultural Work".

Over the years, with the care and love of party committees and governments at all levels, Wanbang Troupe has adhered to the direction of "doing two things", implemented the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom", established a sense of quality products, tapped local characteristics and emphasized team spirit. Rooted in rural areas and serving farmers, it performs more than 500 performances every year, ranking first in the province. All kinds of performance equipment have reached the advanced level at the municipal level. He has won many awards, such as "Excellent Drama Award of the Ministry of Culture", "Gold Award of the Seventh Drama Competition of Henan Province" and "Gold Award of the First Folk Art Festival of Henan Province", and is known as "County-level Troupe, Provincial". CCTV, People's Pictorial, Henan TV, Guangdong TV, Hong Kong Satellite TV, Nanyang Daily and other news media have repeatedly publicized the development and revitalization of the troupe.

Sanxianshu:

The full name of Sanxian book is "Sanxian hinge book", also known as "hinge book", which was called "blackboard book" in the early days. It is named after the three-stringed hinge (small bronze drum). One of the main songs of Nanyang. Music can be roughly divided into hinge cavity and drum cavity.

According to the word-of-mouth of artists, there were singing activities in Fangcheng and Nanyang around the 40th year of Qing Qianlong (1775). During the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty, it was popular in Nanyang except the western mountainous areas, with Sheqi, Fangcheng and Nanyang as the center. The Song Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China were the heyday of Sanxianshu, with artists' footprints all over Henan, Hubei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui and other places, and even parts of Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Singing is divided into East Road, Middle Road and West Road.

There are many three-string books. 1963, Fangcheng County alone collected 550 songs and bibliographies, which were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Jokes that artists often perform include Selling Maids, selling groceries, The Story of the Red Lantern, Yuhuan, Wang Nv Walking in the Tang Dynasty and Biography of Kunshan.

On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the inflow and impact of Henan pendant, the three-character classic declined rapidly. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it quickly revived. A group of old and new actors, such as Pei Changyi, Pei Changshou, Zhang, Ma, Pan and Sun Guofeng (the last four actresses) sang a lot of songs. The appearance of actresses, in particular, greatly enriched and promoted the development of Sanxian calligraphy. On the basis of the original three strings, hinges and drums, the musical instruments have continuously enhanced the guzheng, pipa, Yang Qin, erhu and cello.

Daxian Opera House:

Daxian Opera is an ancient opera popular in northern Henan, the banks of the Yellow River and western Shandong. As for its origin, it is said that it is related to the popular "Xiansuo" in the Central Plains since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, so it was named "Xiansuo". In other words, it is called "string play" because it starts with three strings of an instrument. The singing style of Daxian Opera is Qupai style, which is composed of traditional music and court music, mainly folk tunes since the Northern Yuefu and Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The voice changes frequently and the syllables jump greatly. The real voice is used to exhale, and the falsetto is used to perform. Play Wen Qu sentimental, soft and delicate; When playing Wu Qu, it is like an iron horse, and Ma Si screams, which is inspiring.

Daxian Opera, which is active on both sides of Liangshan and the Yellow River in Shui Bo, is influenced by regional and human environment. Most of the dramas staged are based on the struggle between loyalty and traitors, military conquest and anti-traitors, and are based on classic works such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Xiang Ma, Water Margin, Xiqi and Ming Yinglie. Those martial arts performances, such as striding mountains, leaping waves and tigers, rough and pungent plum blossom boxing and Hong boxing, and real fighting scenes with real swords and guns, make people feel hearty and lifelike. The bold and unconstrained Daxian opera was also very active during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. There are 18 troupes in Kaifeng, Taikang and even Luohe, which are divided into three classes: Li, Jing and Wang. Later, Li was introduced to Shandong, Jing was popular in northern Henan and Wang was introduced to southern Shanxi. At the end of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, the dramatists Dang Fuxiu (Xu Sheng) and Gao Wenzhong (black face) of Shandong Daxian crossed the Yellow River and came to perform in the Daxian Opera Troupe in Yamen, Puyang County, which is famous on both sides of the Yellow River. During the Republic of China, Puyang and hua county Troupe performed repertoires of anti-Japanese national salvation and people's revolution.

After the founding of New China, Puyang Troupe and hua county Troupe processed and arranged a large number of traditional plays and modern plays, which were well received by the local people.

(1) Five handfuls of color-the stunt in the string song "Guo grabs a kiss". Actors use five kinds of props, such as grapple hook, kitchen knife, scissors, broadsword and hay cutter, and each of the five props is prepared with a real one and a fake one, which are used by both actors respectively. For example, when you open a fight with scissors, while showing the audience real scissors, the stabbed person sticks fake scissors to his eyes and smears "blood" on his face. The other four props are treated in this way, but the color positions are different. No matter which part of the opponent is cut, the injured person needs to touch the injured part with his hand to let the "blood color" in his hand flow out, accompanied by crying to show his pain. The scene of the fight was tense and explosive, scary and exciting.

(2) Sleeping on the three-hole bridge-a bunch of stunts to rest for the hero. The performer should quickly and stably lie on his side on the table or stage, with his whole body supported by his right elbow and knee, his right hand resting on his elbow, his right knee touching the ground, his legs hanging up and his left leg hanging down, forming three gaps in the middle, hence the name "Three-hole Bridge".

(3) Breaking tiles-the stunt in the traditional drama "Opening a Shop in Sun Erniang" of Daxian Opera. Sun Erniang saw Song Wu and was thrown out by Song Wu's men. Sun Erniang was ashamed and angry. He grabbed the folded four tiles and swooped down, holding Song Wu's chin with his left hand and hitting him on the head with his right hand. After the noise, all four tiles were broken. The action is vivid and neat, which is amazing.

(4) The dramas of Daxian Opera mainly focus on the struggle between loyalty and ministers, military conquest and anti-traitors and tyrants, such as Xue Gang against the Tang Dynasty.