Haier logistics and the United States logistics system

Haier Logistics and the United States logistics system

Introduction: for growing home appliance companies, its logistics system mainly has two forms of self-built and third-party. Here is what I brought you Haier Logistics and the United States logistics system, I hope it will help you.

As the modern market is becoming more and more standardized, the enterprise for the supply chain to accelerate the pace of transformation, for the market chain process re-engineering and innovation to become a new source of profit, and logistics is the most critical factor in the process of enterprise process re-engineering.

We often talk about how to promote the product, how to segment the market, but for the logistics market management process, specifically how to do, most of the enterprises do not know, business logistics management strategy and operational skills here is a blank area.

The modern logistics industry to the enterprise left a huge profit growth space, but also to the traditional sense of the transportation business has brought the challenge of rich opportunities!

Due to the limitations of the industry, enterprises are not likely to invest a lot of money and logistics, manpower, material resources to establish a complete set of operating systems and feedback institutions, so it is not possible to commodity inventory, distribution details timely notification of the headquarters, resulting in commodities out of the production base of the finished product library, unable to accurately know the situation (quantity, type, loss, sales) of these delays in the feedback of the information work This delay in intelligence feedback makes it impossible for the enterprise to accurately arrange its production, but also to maintain the inventory base of the finished goods warehouse to passively determine the output and variety. This results in an increase in costs, even if the finished product library in the production base to the inventory rationalization, but the inventory will be transferred to the regional transit library, the loss of control over the finished product and the source of intelligence.

The ultimate goal of modern logistics is to make the logistics of manufacturing enterprises completely separated from the core business, so that production enterprises can focus on capital, manpower and material resources into their core manufacturing areas. The original enterprise internal transportation, warehousing and other logistics business to specialized logistics companies, is the social and industrial division of labor more and more fine the development of the law embodied. Enterprises choose a good logistics partner not only to achieve the best integration of internal resources and maximize the use of new profit growth points, but also in the market development, information processing, financial consulting and strategic decision-making on the increase of a heavy weight.

For the understanding of the Chinese enterprise logistics, the first let should understand the basic mode of foreign logistics, in order to adjust their own logistics footsteps.

U.S. logistics centralization

Logistics centralization of the U.S. logistics model emphasizes? Integral logistics management system? In World War II, the centralization of U.S. logistics was perfected and implemented in the war logistics, and eventually won the war.

The Walmart distribution center in the United States is a typical embodiment of logistics centralization. Sam. Sam Walton relied on the principle of logistics first to create the world's number one retailer, Walmart.

Efficient Distribution Centers in Japan

In Japan, logistics is a non-independent field, governed by a variety of factors. Logistics (less inventory and more wholesale) and sales (more inventory and less wholesale) are in opposition to each other, and must be utilized in an integrated manner to obtain the effect of minimizing overall costs. In Japan, logistics is interpreted as high efficiency and refinement, and new technologies are proudly used to improve the speed and efficiency of logistics. EDI standards are widely used in Japan, including the Road Information Management Communication System (VICS), the Non-stop Automatic Toll Collection System (ETC), the Modern Safe Vehicle (ASV), the Traffic Management System (UTMS), the Wireless Motion Recognition Technology (WMRT), and the sensing and information systems, which are supported by EDI standards. The widespread use of information systems, EDI standards supporting the logistics operation of the universal label (STAR label), etc. makes Japan's logistics in the world's leading position.

17-11 convenience stores in the world's first convenience stores to take advantage of the Japanese region and efficient logistics to create a huge system of 7-11 convenience store chain. It has become an integral part of the daily life of the Japanese public.

For growing home appliance companies, its logistics system is mainly self-built and third-party two forms. Haier, Midea, Electrolux and other enterprises are among the 'representatives. Combined with the situation of foreign logistics we are on behalf of the logistics of Chinese enterprises: Haier logistics and the United States of America logistics situation for an analysis, I hope to be able to have a good reference for enterprise logistics.

Haier's logistics operations - do it yourself, unified planning

Haier's President Zhang Ruimin quoted in the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the speech: Haier's performance in the 2000s thanks to the process of the market chain for the re-engineering and innovation. China Warehouse and Logistics Association Secretary General Shen Shaoji for Haier evaluation:? China's first logistics management awakening? Haier has realized unified procurement, JIT (just in time) to reduce logistics procurement costs; unified distribution, JIT distribution management within the enterprise; the establishment of three-dimensional warehouse to achieve? Zero inventory?

Since the establishment of the first three-dimensional warehouse, the company has been able to realize the "zero inventory" management.

Self-built logistics system of home appliance companies, the most typical is the Haier Group. It began in 1999 to? Market chain? As a link to the business process reengineering, order information flow as the center, driven by the operation of logistics, business flow, capital flow. Haier logistics? First-class three networks? fully embodies the characteristics of modern logistics. First-class? is centered on order information flow;? Three networks are global supply chain resource network, global distribution resource network and computer information network. Three networks? synchronized flow, for the order information flow value-added support.

At the end of 1999, Haier set up a logistics promotion headquarters, under the three divisions: Purchasing Division, Distribution Division, Storage and Transportation Division, the establishment of 36 regional distribution centers, the initial establishment of a nationwide network.

Haier logistics clearly to the United States logistics centralized close to the implementation of the initial period, received relatively good results, logistics headquarters was established before the Haier inventory time of 30 days, after a year of hard work, in 2001, reduced to 13 days in 2002, Haier's goal is to inventory 1.5 billion down to 3 billion. From the inventory occupied funds and procurement funds reflect the reduction of logistics costs.

Haier Logistics Department will be scattered in the various product divisions of the procurement business consolidation, the implementation of unified procurement to achieve the lowest cost under the implementation of JIT (just in time) procurement. As large as a few hundred dollars of equipment, small office supplies such as screws, ballpoint pens, etc. to carry out unified procurement operations, the implementation of unified procurement so that some of the parts of the price reduction of 5% -8%, for large enterprise group procurement, Haier's benefits are very substantial.

Haier is so arranged logistics: Haier's current seven industrial parks are divided into three main parts: 1. Qingdao area industries and surrounding factories as an export base, the use of cheap labor, the use of the cost of cheap shipping for export. 2. Hefei-based industrial parks, including factories in Guangdong and Guizhou, the formation of a localized production base, saving logistics costs. 3. On behalf of the United States, including other overseas 10 factories, the formation of local logistics, set the base, production, procurement, sales, all localized, so that the logistics cost is significantly reduced.

At the same time in the gain, Haier tried to make the logistics operation under their own control, but due to China's national conditions, the logistics foundation, the actual operation of the deviation from Haier's vision, Haier in the operation of 2 years after the emergence of many problems such as cost, speed, revenue.

Analysis of the reasons are as follows:

1 Haier's logistics is not socialized, but also in the continuation of ? Big and comprehensive? Small and complete? The production model and business concepts, so that the freight presents a closed source of goods, increasing operating costs.

For logistics infrastructure, Haier invested heavily in the construction of the Qingdao three-dimensional warehouse, but for the leased warehouses throughout the country Haier can not invest in shelves, pallets, forklifts, warehouse renovation, in the face of the logistics information system (ALIS) satellite positioning system in transit (GPS) electronic map (GIS) electronic data standardization (EDI) Haier is even more likely to be The reason for this is that Haier's strategic goal is to become a world-renowned home appliance manufacturer, not a logistics company.

2. Haier takes Qingdao factory (or production bases around the world) ---- regional distribution centers around the world ---- sellers (or Haier image stores).

Which factory? Distribution center trunk transport due to Haier easy scheduling management, the business will be handed over to their own vehicles or contracted large fleet, for scattered vehicles are not considered, which makes the transport price remains high.

Regional distribution centers to sellers to take the distribution system, distribution orders issued by the local trade and industry companies, because the distribution center can not know in advance where the product is going, can only rely on the local distribution companies, but the cost of settlement of the unified logistics to promote the settlement of the headquarters in Qingdao, which makes the local distribution companies will be advancing the cost of funds added to the distribution costs, such as Xi'an, Daiyi Logistics Company in June 2002 still For example, in June 2002, Xi'an Daiyi Logistics Company was still pursuing the distribution costs of 2001, and had to take the capital costs into account in the future distribution.

3. For IT products, which do not belong to the characteristics of home appliance logistics, Haier made it difficult and counterproductive.

In March 2001, Haier canceled all over the computer branch, changed to the regional system; the computer division of the capital flow and logistics recovery, respectively, into the industrial and trade companies and the Group's logistics headquarters, the Group unified control; Haier 3C is responsible for the commercial flow and sales, and take out 5% of the profits to the above two departments in order to obtain the corresponding capital flow and logistics support.

In fact, after the rectification in March, a significant portion of the dealers feel that the logistics not only did not speed up, but slower. The original send a batch of goods to Shanxi, through the Beijing branch, may be 1 day to arrive, only a few tens of dollars cost; and changed to the Haier Group's logistics headquarters after the unified platform, the time to be several days longer, and the cost has increased to several hundred dollars. IT logistics turnover frequency, batch size, small, multi-species, fast, personalized characteristics of the home appliances by the intrinsic channels of the distortion.

On the other hand, the raw materials of Haier computers by the Group's internal unified planning, unified procurement and unified transportation after the surface **** enjoy the platform, but because the scale did not come up, the mechanism is not flexible, but caused by the high cost of procurement, which directly affects the price policy of Haier computers.

Logistics operation of the United States - the smooth flow of things, Ande logistics

Relative to the Guangdong Shunde United States Group in terms of Ande logistics for many people are still relatively new, logistics industry, the stronger target, the different service customers make Ande? The company has a lot of people who are interested in the company's products and services. In fact, the same as Haier, in 1999 not, the United States Group will be put into a strategic position of logistics, if Haier is to reduce costs of logistics as a machine, the United States Group of logistics as a money-making machine. 2000 January the United States Group, through the holding of the establishment of the Ande logistics company, the logistics business to be stripped out. As an independent division of Midea Group, Ande Logistics has become a third-party logistics company for other product divisions of Midea, and also develops its business outward as a professional logistics company. Lu Lixin, deputy general manager of Midea Group Andean Logistics Company, said that other divisions of Midea can use Andean Logistics, but can also choose other logistics companies.

In the past two years Ande has carried out its own development direction: manufacturing enterprise sales logistics integration service provider. Supply chain technology consultant experts, and successfully make the modern logistics used in practice, with the help of the United States sales network, and constantly accept new blood, in 2002, Ande has with TCL, Digital China, Founder, SITA, Panda, Leroy, Conch to establish a strategic partnership.

The national integrated warehousing system is the backbone of Anderson's logistics. At present, Ande has built four major warehousing centers in China: Shunde, Hangzhou, Zhengzhou, and Wuhu, all of which have realized information management and implemented the management mode of "one ticket to the end". It manages more than 100 warehouses all over the country and carries out efficient information interaction management with internet-based information system. Shunde, Nanjing, Xi'an, Beijing, Shanghai and other ten logistics centers have been established, because the Midea is given to Anderson is the overall cost of logistics, so this cost can not be changed once signed, so Anderson must have a good understanding of the warehouse resources, transportation resources, distribution resources for each place, so as to achieve profits.

By following the United States, Andean has established business locations in 68 cities, and because of these locations, Andean has been chosen by many companies that need to outsource their logistics.

Midea's logistics process is:

1. Ande can provide enterprises with overall warehousing conditions across the country, in-transit conditions to enable the enterprise headquarters to keep track of their own logistics situation, and Ande and through the ALIS system to provide a detailed 24-hour online report.

2 Ande can consolidate and transport goods from different customers, which saves a lot of transportation costs.

3 In the regional logistics center, Ande can freely deploy the storage resources, so that the air-conditioner in June, July and August, the color TV in the same 2, May and October, and the conch profiles in May-October are fully deployed, and Ande can massively invest in the upgrading of warehouses, and increase the utilization of the tools such as shelves, forklifts, pallets, etc., because this can bring real benefits.

4 beauty of each regional distribution center management of different departments: air conditioning division, home appliances division, cabinet division, for their logistics to the market as a reference, for each transport or distribution offer to be reviewed by the division, so Ande fully utilize social resources, looking for the lowest, most reasonable price. And make its transportation system open to the society.

At the beginning of the establishment of Ande, there were a lot of people who opposed it, including experts, peers, and also senior staff within the Midea Group. Because they believe that Midea is good at home appliances, logistics is a non-core business. Anderson has also made the mistake of trying to make a quick profit, wanting to? Empty glove wolf?

The company has been able to develop its own logistics business in the past few years, but it has not gone astray, and has been able to solidify the foundation of Andean logistics in terms of network construction and information system management.

The above logistics situation of the United States and Haier is just a more typical epitome of Chinese enterprise logistics.

Unlike Midea's third-party logistics, which is a self-owned asset, the third-party logistics chosen by Electrolux as a representative of home appliance companies is a non-self-owned asset, which is completely outsourced to a third-party logistics company, and the third-party logistics service provider provides them with logistics services in the whole or part of the supply chain in order to obtain a certain amount of profit.

Most industry insiders agree that it is still difficult to say who is better or worse than the self-built logistics system, third-party logistics or other logistics methods. Self-constructed logistics system to the enterprise cost savings, market competitiveness; however, the enterprise self-constructed logistics system there are many problems, the most prominent is that enterprises have to spend a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, relatively speaking, the enterprise's own core function of the play to be subject to a certain degree of weakening; and, a single enterprise to establish a logistics system is difficult to achieve a certain scale. And to achieve economies of scale, it is the advantage of third-party logistics.

Through the analysis of China's logistics enterprises, China's logistics revenue 85% from basic services, transportation accounted for 53%, storage accounted for 32%, value-added services and logistics information services and financial services to support logistics revenue accounted for only 15%. For cargo dismantling and consolidation of boxes, barcode labeling, parts and components supporting, repairing after-sales business for most companies have to do things.

However, the actual program of third-party logistics are usually tailored to different customers, most of the program can not be copied, does not have a wide range and applicability. As the number of enterprises engaged in third-party logistics in China is currently too small, and the third-party logistics market is still immature, many home appliance companies are still cautious about choosing third-party logistics companies for cooperation. Guangdong most of the director of domestic marketing to reach *** knowledge, Guangdong's home appliance manufacturing industry has completed the ? War of Northern Expedition? , occupying most of the domestic market, but Guangdong's business has failed to adapt to the manufacturing industry, accompanied by Guangdong enterprises to the country. Because they have not found a unified national sales channel, many companies have been forced to pull up a huge marketing team, the highest up to more than 10,000 people. The future will? Two legs? walk, on the one hand, rely on third-party logistics, on the other hand, self-built distribution centers, distribution warehouses, to improve distribution, laying capacity.

? Logistics iceberg said? Waseda University's Professor Nishizawa repair for modern enterprises on the accounting of logistics, has proposed many ways to solve, for the modern enterprise accounting system in a single column? Logistics cost? So that hidden under the iceberg of 70% of the implied cost calculation, so that you can use the power of society, as well as the awakening of the enterprise itself, the awakening of enterprise logistics. It should be said that this is China's enterprise logistics to modern logistics close to the fundamental solution.

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