Why Japanese houses are not afraid of earthquakes?

Japan, although in the seismic zone, but even if the earthquake struck, there will rarely be a large area of housing collapse, which is absolutely inseparable from the Japanese building home furnishing process, leaving aside the national complex, its advanced technology and fine craftsmanship is indeed worthy of our appreciation and learning, holding the attitude of learning, let's take a look at the Japanese low-rise self-built house is how to do.

Almost no brick houses, replaced by lightweight wall materials

In Japan, an earthquake-prone country, the seismic standards of buildings are strictly regulated by the Building Standards Law and the Building Standards Law Enforcement Decree. The Building Standards Law stipulates that newly constructed buildings must have a seismic strength that will not collapse in an earthquake that occurs once every 100 years and will not be damaged in an earthquake that occurs once every several decades. Only buildings designed to comply with this law are allowed to be built. Under this law, building materials are subject to official certification, making it difficult for substandard building materials to circulate in the market.

Currently, buildings in Japan are basically categorized into 3 types in terms of earthquake resistance. One is the earthquake-resistant structure; the second is the earthquake-making structure; the third is the earthquake-free structure. The so-called earthquake-resistant structure, its main principle is to improve the strength and toughness of the columns and walls, the building in general to withstand the vibration, at present our country mainly use this method. And the earthquake-free structure and the seismic structure are both relatively new technologies. In Japan, the cost of changing a building from a seismic structure to a quake-free building increases by only 5 to 10 percent.

In addition, the Japanese building in the selection of materials is also extraordinarily careful, such as in Europe and China are often used as the main building materials of brick and tile, and now in Japan's buildings almost can not be found on the trace. Brick buildings are almost no longer used in Japan, replaced by reinforced concrete structures supplemented by lightweight wall materials. This type of structure is safe against earthquakes and saves energy.

Foundation and earthquake isolation

There are many high-rise buildings in Japan, where the land is narrow and the people are many. In order to resist damage from earthquakes, Japanese high-rise buildings commonly use a foundation seismic isolation technique. This technique, which involves installing elastic rubber cushions, or friction-sliding load-bearing seat cushions, at the base of the building to resist earthquakes.

Box design

In order to improve the seismic capacity of traditional wood-frame buildings, the average Japanese folk house adopts a box design -- when an earthquake occurs, the house as a whole rolls over and is not destroyed. Professionals and technicians also regularly rate residential houses for seismic reinforcement, and the government encourages residents with appropriate subsidies where appropriate.

The whole process of building an earthquake-resistant house in Japan

▼The first step remains leveling the land and making a good concrete foundation:

▼The upper load-bearing wood structural system is erected on the foundation:

This is the secret of its strong seismic function, the steel and wood composite beams!

▼ Widely used in the construction of small detached houses in Japan; lightweight H-steel + integrated timber = steel-timber composite beams

▼ Below is a picture of a steel-timber composite beam, cross-connected, and connected to a freestanding column with steel galvanized pin tethers used, which are very effective in resisting earthquakes.

▼Steel-wood composite beams and some of the accompanying metal connectors:

The lowest level is a reinforced concrete foundation, with wooden square columns and steel-wood composite beams. Steel and wood itself are both flexible materials, composite together, steel tensile, wood compression, the effect is very good.

The roof is prefabricated in the factory and installed on site, so it also belongs to one kind of assembled building.

▼After the framing beams on the first floor are completed, structural plywood is laid on top of the beams and the framing of the second floor is completed:

▼The same steel and timber beams are used for the framing beams on the second floor

▼A closer look at the construction of the joints:

The use of steel in the load-bearing structural systems of residential buildings is prone to so-called "thermal bridges", which can be a problem when steel is used in the construction of the building.

The use of steel members in the load-bearing structural system of a house is prone to the existence of so-called "thermal bridges", which are not conducive to heat preservation and energy conservation, and thus require heat preservation and insulation on the outside of the steel members.

The measures taken are welded lightweight H-beam steel on both sides of the web, filled with high standard flame retardant grade extruded XPS polystyrene foam insulation board, and fixed using on-site foaming polyurethane foam material.

Fine craftsmanship is detailed down to every screw, striving for a tight fit everywhere.

▼After the framing of the house is completed, wall panels, exterior wall insulation materials, and decorative exterior wall hangings are laid:

▼Completion:

▼After the exterior construction is completed, the construction process of interior structural insulation, plumbing and electrical wiring, and so on, begins:

Pre-embedding of plumbing and electrical wiring:

▼Pre-embedding of interior wall insulation:

▼Completion of the interior wall Installation of interior wall panels after the insulation process:

▼Installation of interior lighting:

▼Floor paving of the courtyard in front of the door:

▼Completion of interior decoration:

Open Kitchen:

Toilet:

Living Room:

The faux-stone paneling at the entryway enhances the aesthetics and sense of hierarchy of the doorknocker:

This is a set of aesthetics and a sense of hierarchy of aesthetics.

Such a bland and practical house came out.

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