Overview of the application and development of green wall materials?

With the restriction of the use of traditional wall materials with high energy consumption and the innovation and progress of the construction industry, wall materials in China should constantly adapt to the requirements of modern architecture. Therefore, the development of energy-saving and environment-friendly green wall materials is an inevitable requirement to reduce resource consumption, protect the ecological environment and ensure the sustainable development of human society. This paper expounds the research and application status of several green wall materials in China, and probes into the research, application and development of new green wall materials.

In the practice of developing wall material industry, China's green wall material industry has experienced a development process from scratch and from small to large. The so-called green wall materials refer to non-toxic or low-toxic healthy wall materials, fire-proof or flame-retardant safe wall materials, low-energy-saving wall materials and various new multifunctional wall materials. According to the characteristics of green wall materials, developing green wall materials is an effective way to realize energy saving and emission reduction.

The reform of green new wall materials is an arduous and urgent task facing the building materials industry at present. Clay brick is a traditional wall material in China. With a large amount of energy consumption and the destruction of a large number of fertile fields, the state has increased the restrictions on clay bricks, and the performance of new walls in China has developed vigorously.

First, the status and characteristics of China's green wall materials

1, Brief Introduction to the Present Situation of Green Wall

Since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable progress and achievements in wall material innovation and building energy conservation. All kinds of new green wall materials have made great progress in variety, specification, performance, quantity, production technology and application technology, and can be divided into three categories according to their structural requirements: block, lightweight board and composite wall.

1. 1 building block

The large number of blocks, wide application range and rapid development have played a great role in replacing clay bricks and are second to none among all kinds of new wall materials. According to its structural shape, it can be divided into two parts: building block and concrete hollow brick.

1. 1. 1 building block

Building block refers to the block building masonry which is larger than the standard brick size and smaller than the large board size. It can speed up the construction progress and reduce the labor force. There are many kinds of building block materials: concrete block, silicate block, lightweight aggregate block, aerated concrete block, fly ash block, lime-sand block, gypsum block and so on. The varieties, specifications and properties of these blocks are suitable for local conditions and projects. The raw material resources for producing blocks vary from place to place, so the varieties of blocks are diversified.

1. 1.2 Return of concrete hollow brick

Concrete hollow brick is a new wall material based on the wide application of concrete hollow block and the basic specification of wall brick size. It is a block made of stone chips, fine stones, yellow sand, cement and additive F coarse aggregate ≤ 10 mm) by mechanical molding and maintenance in a certain proportion. It is different from clay porous brick and ordinary concrete small hollow block.

Mortar strength and normal stress at the top of concrete hollow brick wall have great influence on its seismic performance. With the increase of mortar strength, the seismic strength along the horizontal mortar joint increases, and the brick and mortar are firmly bonded, which is beneficial to give full play to the strength of concrete hollow brick. However, with the increase of mortar strength, ductility coefficient decreases. With the increase of normal stress at the top of the wall, the cracking load and ultimate load of the wall increase, which shows that increasing normal stress can improve the lateral force of the wall, at the same time, the ductility coefficient increases and the stiffness degradation slows down.

1.2 optical plate

Lightweight board is a new type of light wall that has appeared in recent years, including: fiber cement board; Gypsum board and lightweight board with gypsum as cementing material; Calcium silicate board, etc. Calcium silicate board is a new type of lightweight wallboard. In recent years, with the development of "four festivals and one environmental protection" and the reform of wall materials, its superior quality and good performance have been recognized by people. In the National Stadium Bird's Nest, the Olympic Comprehensive Training Hall, the Beijing Olympic Village and the National Gymnasium, people can see this simple and lightweight material from the floors, walls or stands of these venues. . With the progress of technology and the needs of new buildings, calcium silicate board products with fire prevention, heat insulation, ultra-light, moisture-proof, anti-corrosion, mildew resistance, hydrophobicity, easy processing and high strength will play an important role in the application of new wall materials.

1.3 composite wall

Composite wall is a new wall structure system with rapid development and broad prospects in recent years. It is composed of concrete block cavity wall and other non-load-bearing materials, that is, on the basis of load-bearing wall, it is compounded into a material with high thermal insulation performance, and these two materials are combined into one.

2, the characteristics of green wall materials

(1) Save resources. Green wall materials should use as little natural resources as possible to reduce energy consumption, and use a lot of waste as raw materials, which can save both production energy consumption and building energy consumption;

(2) adopt clean production technology that does not pollute the environment. No or almost no waste residue, waste water and waste gas are discharged in the production process, the noise is greatly reduced and the degree of automation is high;

(3) The product will not only harm human health, but also be beneficial to human health;

④ Reusable. After the product reaches its service life, it can be recycled without polluting the environment.

Therefore, the development of green and environment-friendly wall materials is conducive to achieving the strategic goals and tasks of energy conservation and emission reduction. The development of new wall materials not only meets the requirements of current social development, but also meets people's increasingly high requirements for high-rise buildings with its excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, energy saving, waste utilization, sound insulation, heat insulation, fire prevention and corrosion prevention.

Second, the development of new green wall materials in China

Application of 1. Block in Light Steel Building

With the increasing output of steel products in China, steel structure residence will surely play an important role in the development of housing industry. For light steel structure buildings, on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the requirements of heat preservation, heat insulation, durability and fire prevention, combined with foreign mature experience, concrete decorative small bricks can be combined with light steel structure, that is, light steel structure as the load-bearing part of the building structure, concrete decorative small bricks similar to clay bricks as the external decorative part, and external leaf walls are connected with light steel structure with galvanized iron or stainless steel. This kind of building is very similar to the traditional clay brick building, but it has better durability than clay brick building. Moreover, adding colored iron oxide pigments to concrete can fully reflect the richness and diversity of architectural colors.

In this way, the concrete outer leaf wall not only plays the role of decorating the external color of the building, but also protects the internal steel structure and improves the durability of the building. The effect of thermal insulation can be achieved by filling suitable thermal insulation materials between steel structures and concrete brick walls and between steel structures.

2. Development and application of high strength masonry mortar

Compared with the traditional on-site mixing mortar, it is expected that the mortar has obvious advantages in technology: adding different additives can improve the performance of the mortar, and because of its strong adhesion and good water retention, it can improve the quality of masonry and plastering, and effectively avoid the phenomena of mortar joint fullness, hollowing, plastering cracking and falling off. Moreover, this mortar improves the construction technology, improves the work efficiency and reduces the cost. The price of dry-mixed mortar powder is lower than that of cement, so the cost of prepared mortar is lower than that of ordinary cement mortar. Dry-mixed mortar powder provides a new way for the utilization of fly ash, which is conducive to the promotion of new materials and technologies, optimizing the construction environment, reducing labor intensity and material waste, with high construction efficiency, good engineering quality and good environmental benefits.

3. Strengthen the application of prestressed masonry in new wall.

At present, the development of masonry should meet the requirements of light weight and high strength. Therefore, it is necessary not only to improve the performance of materials, but also to improve the strength and bonding force between blocks and masonry mortar, reduce the self-weight of the structure and innovate the structural system. Due to the weakness of low tensile and shear strength of masonry, the traditional masonry structure can not give full play to the advantage of high compressive strength of masonry. After applying prestress to masonry, the shear and bending capacity can be improved, the section size can be reduced, the compressive strength of masonry can be fully utilized, and the brittleness of masonry structure can be improved. Therefore, prestressed masonry is the inevitable trend of new wall development.

4. Strengthen the treatment and utilization of various block industrial wastes.

High performance recycled aggregate concrete block is a renewable resource. It uses a large number of industrial wastes such as fly ash and slag powder instead of cement. Recycled aggregate formed by washing, crushing, screening and proportioning waste concrete replaces natural crushed stone as concrete aggregate, and high-efficiency water reducer is used to improve concrete performance, thus forming recycled concrete blocks with the same service life as ordinary concrete blocks.

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Restricting and prohibiting the use of solid clay bricks and developing new green wall materials are not only the requirements of wall high-tech industrialization, but also the needs of residential construction and architectural modernization. With the development of economy and the restriction of the country on the production and use of sintered clay bricks, the new wall materials with environmental protection will be greatly developed. The production of green new wall materials not only effectively controls industrial waste, but also helps to protect air and water resources, save energy consumption and achieve a win-win situation of social and economic benefits. This is also a new technology industry that is vigorously promoted in today's society.

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