[399→ thinking model] ACP model of successful intelligence theory

The first point: intelligence is the ability to learn through experience;

The second point: intelligence is the ability to adapt to the surrounding environment.

These two points are very important, such as the ability to learn through experience (including your own experience and others' experience), which means that smart people may make mistakes. In fact, smart people are not those who don't make mistakes, but those who can learn from their mistakes and never make the same mistakes again.

Contemporary experts pay more attention to metacognition and the understanding and control of their own thinking processes (such as problem solving, reasoning and decision-making). At the same time, contemporary experts pay more attention to the role of culture. They point out that what is considered smart in one cultural background may be considered stupid in another cultural background.

Traditional intelligence theories include: intelligence two-factor theory, intelligence multi-factor theory, intelligence three-dimensional structure theory, intelligence form theory and so on. The research of traditional intelligence theory is limited to one dimension of intelligence, including form, structure and factors.

1) Two-factor intelligence theory

Spearman, a British psychologist, first classified intelligence in 1904, thinking that human intelligence can be divided into ordinary factors and special factors. Common factor is called G factor for short. All human intellectual activities, such as mastering knowledge, making plans, and completing homework, depend on the G factor.

The other is special factor, referred to as S factor. He found five special factors:

① Oral ability ② Computational ability ③ Mechanical ability ④ Attention ⑤ Imagination

The special ability represented by s factor is only related to a few life activities, and it is the ability of individuals to be different from others in some aspects. The general intelligence test measures the general ability.

2) Multi-factor intelligence theory

From 65438 to 0938, thurston, an American psychologist, tested 56 abilities of students in the University of Chicago, and proposed that intelligence consists of seven basic psychological abilities: word fluency, word comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, counting ability, inductive reasoning ability and memory ability, and each basic ability is independent of each other.

3) Theory of three-dimensional structure of intelligence

4) Theory of intelligence form

1963, American psychologist Raymond Cartel put forward the CHC theory. According to the analysis of intelligence test results, he divided intelligence into two categories: one is fluid intelligence and the other is crystal intelligence.

Fluid intelligence: refers to the ability demonstrated in information processing and problem solving.

Crystal intelligence: refers to the ability to acquire knowledge such as language and mathematics, which depends on acquired learning and is closely related to social culture.

Modern intelligence theory: study more dimensions and connotations, jump out of traditional static research and enter the field of dynamic research. Famous theories include: multiple intelligence theory, emotional intelligence theory, ternary intelligence theory, successful intelligence theory and so on.

1) Multiple Intelligence Theory

Existential intelligence: the ability to ask questions about life, death and ultimate reality and think about them.

2) Emotional intelligence theory

Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and understand the emotional state of oneself and others, and to use this information to solve problems and standardize behaviors.

3) Ternary intelligence theory

A complete intelligence theory must explain three aspects of intelligence: the internal components of intelligence (internal world), the relationship between intelligence and experience (empirical world) and the external effects of intelligence components (external world).

4) Successful intelligence theory

Analytical intelligence: Being able to use metacognitive strategies to monitor and evaluate one's own thinking process, with high metacognitive ability.

Creative intelligence: Creative intelligence is the ability to transcend known things and produce novel and interesting results. Mainly reflected in the ability to imagine, conceive, create and invent. Creative intelligence builds a bridge between analytical intelligence and practical intelligence. To make individuals creative, we must balance all aspects of their intelligence.

Practical intelligence: refers to the ability to turn abstract ideas into practical results. Practical intelligence is embodied in the individual's ability to demonstrate, demonstrate, operate, use and apply.

20 characteristics of successful intelligence:

1) can be self-motivated

2) will control their impulses.

3) Know when to insist.

4) Know how to give full play to your abilities.

5) Can turn ideas into actions.

6) product result orientation.

7) Finish the task and stick to it.

8) They are all leaders.

9) Not afraid of the risk of failure

10) never delays.

1 1) Accept reasonable criticism and accusations.

12) Refuse to feel sorry for yourself.

13) is independent.

14) looking for ways to overcome personal difficulties

15) you can concentrate on achieving your goals.

16) is neither demanding nor demanding of oneself.

17) has the ability to delay satisfaction.

You can see trees and forests.

19) Have reasonable confidence and belief in accomplishing the goal.

20) Be able to think analytically, creatively and practically in a balanced way.

Three obstacles to successful intelligence:

The first obstacle is the negative expectations of authority figures.

The second obstacle is inferiority complex.

The third obstacle is the lack of role models.

From novice to expert is the result of intellectual development, which requires the comprehensive application of six skills: metacognitive skills, learning skills, thinking skills, knowledge, motivation and environmental support.