A forest fire broke out in western Australia. What measures can be put out?

There are mountain fires in Australia all year round. One of the reasons is that eucalyptus is the main tree species in Australia. Eucalyptus is flammable and will catch fire if there is a spark. Some eucalyptus trees spontaneously combust in the summer sun. Eucalyptus has evolved to adapt to fire. Seeds or stumps can survive forest fires and will be reborn quickly after the fire. But because of this, the reconstruction speed of eucalyptus forest after fire is very fast, and it will be useful in three years, which is not as serious as the fire sequelae in Daxing' anling and Amazon. After the fire, a large number of eucalyptus seeds around the stumps will begin to germinate, and even some stumps that look like coke will be pulled out of the branches again. Eucalyptus is a plant that likes sunshine. Without fire, it is difficult for its seedlings to grow in the shade. Some eucalyptus seeds are dormant and cannot germinate without fire.

Once upon a time, when the colonists arrived in Australia, they found that the proportion of eucalyptus trees nearby was increasing, because they set fire to deforestation for land reclamation. After burning, all the eucalyptus trees grew out. The second reason is that the land is vast and sparsely populated, and large areas of land are in a state of survival. The third reason is that the climate is dry and there are no rivers and lakes. It is said that the cause of the fire was related to a military exercise in Queensland, leaving a fire. They thought it was completely extinguished, but it wasn't. But more importantly, it caught up with the continuous dry and windy weather, which caused the fire to get out of control. This time the wind blows, it can blow the fire several kilometers away. Even without fire, the heat of the wind can ignite extremely flammable eucalyptus. This transmission distance makes isolation belts and rivers useless.

There are many reasons for online hype. Australia is in summer. It's hot and hot in summer, which is easy to cause fire. Developed countries are vast and sparsely populated, especially woodland. Small population, limited firefighters and equipment. It is easy to think without explanation. It was not good to put out the fire at first, but the remedial measures taken later were limited, and the fire was getting bigger and bigger, lacking the ability to put out the fire. But at the beginning of the fire, human intervention can still play a greater role. Experts pointed out that the Australian federal government underestimated the scale of forest fires this time, and the response to disaster relief was slow and there was a long-term lack of overall coordination, so it was questioned and criticized by the public. In addition to the Australian federal government's misjudgment of forest fires, another important reason for the outbreak of forest fires is the poor coordination and division of labor between the federal government and local governments. According to Australian law, state and territory governments are mainly responsible for forest fires and other natural disasters. Rural fire station is the backbone of fighting forest fires, and its main members are voluntary firefighters. In general, the federal government will not provide additional support if the local government does not require it.

Temperature is one of the main driving factors affecting fire intensity, spreading speed and fire area. According to the report of the Australian Government Meteorological Office (BOM), the risk index of Australia's fire-prone climate reached a record high last spring. In the cold season, the temperature rises and the precipitation decreases. The unusually hot weather accelerated the fire. Meanwhile, according to the Victorian Emergency Department, the main cause of many fires in East Gippsland, Victoria in June+February, 5438 was dry lightning. This unprecedented forest fire in Australia has killed 22 people, destroyed hundreds of houses, burned hundreds of thousands of hectares of land and killed nearly 500 million animals.