How the Bauhaus schoolhouse characterizes modernist architectural design, its influence and historical role

The Bauhaus Schoolhouse, located in Dessau, Germany, was designed by Gropius, and construction began in 1925 and was completed at the end of the following year. Building area of nearly 10,000 square meters, is a medium-sized public **** building composed of many different functional parts. It has a flat roof and white plastered exterior walls.

The architectural design of the Bauhaus school building has some of the following characteristics:

I. The practical function of the building as the starting point of architectural design.

The traditional collegiate design approach is usually to first decide on the appearance of the building's physical shape, and then arrange the various parts inside this shape, the basic procedure is from the outside to the inside. Gropius reversed this procedure, he divided the whole school building into several parts according to the different functions, according to the functional needs of each part and the interrelationship between them to determine their positions, and decide on the body type. Functional analysis as the basis and starting point of architectural design, reflecting the design ideas and design methods from the inside out.

Two, the use of flexible irregular composition techniques.

The Bauhaus schoolhouse is an asymmetrical building with various parts of different sizes, heights, forms and directions. It has multiple axes, but no one particularly prominent central axis. All of its facades are significant and distinctive. It has multiple entrances, with two main entrances instead of one. In short, it is a multi-directional, multi-volume, multi-axis, multi-entrance building, which is rare in previous public **** buildings. Gropius in the Bauhaus school building in the architectural composition of the full use of high and low, long and short, vertical and horizontal contrasting techniques, shaping a vivid and lively architectural image. Although irregular architectural composition has always been, the Bauhaus school building flexible and skillful irregular composition, improve the status of this compositional techniques.

Three, in accordance with the characteristics of modern building materials and structures, the use of the elements of the building itself to achieve the effect of architectural art.

The Bauhaus school building is partly reinforced concrete frame structure, partly brick wall load-bearing structure, and its architectural form and detailing are closely integrated with the materials, structures and construction practices used. There are no carvings, no colonnades, no decorative patterned footings, and it virtually excludes any additional ornamentation. Compared with traditional public **** building, it is simple, yet its architectural form is rich in variation.

The Bauhaus schoolhouse was built at a time when funding was difficult, costing only $0.20 per cubic foot of building volume in the currency of the time. Under these economic conditions, the building was a thoughtful solution to the problem of practical function, while at the same time creating a fresh and lively architectural image.

Gropius through the practice of this building proved that, after getting rid of the traditional building rules and regulations, architects can be free and flexible to solve the functional requirements of modern social life, can further play the superior performance of new building materials and new structures, on the basis of which at the same time can also create an unprecedented architectural image. The Bauhaus school building also shows that the use of function, materials, structure and architectural art closely integrated, can reduce the cost and save investment. This is a more, fast, good, provincial architectural design route, in line with the modern society to build a large number of practical housing needs.

Some people believe that the Bauhaus school building marks a new era of modern architecture, which is not overrated, but this building is indeed an important milestone in the history of modern architecture.