If you want traditional culture, please don't answer in disorder if you don't know. Thank you.

Quanzhou culture has a long history, which can be traced back to the ancient Fujian-Vietnam culture. After the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, especially during the Western Jin Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, Han people from the Central Plains crossed the border into Fujian on a large scale, and Quanzhou, the birthplace of Central Plains culture, took root and evolved, and the local culture gradually declined. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou port economy rose and gradually became the political, economic, military and cultural center of southern Fujian.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the port of Erythrina in Quanzhou became "the largest port in the East", and Alexandria in Egypt was world-famous, with more than 100 countries and regions trading with Quanzhou, showing a prosperous scene of "people all over the continents" and "businessmen all over the world". The Central Plains culture has become the mainstream, and Quanzhou has become a "region with excessive Zhu". Major religions in the world, such as Buddhism, Islam, basic religions (including Catholicism), Hinduism, Manichaeism, Judaism, etc. With the economic and cultural exchanges, they flocked to Quanzhou. Quanzhou culture is also deeply influenced by these foreign cultures, especially religious culture.

After a long period of communication, collision and integration, in the Ming Dynasty, Quanzhou culture showed distinctive personality and characteristics, and local operas became mature and prosperous. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, many heroes of the times appeared in Quanzhou, such as Zheng Chenggong, which promoted the spread and influence of Quanzhou culture overseas, especially in Taiwan Province. At the same time, the feudal regime implemented the "sea ban" policy, Quanzhou culture showed more local characteristics, and local operas had new development.

Quanzhou is known as "Zou Lu on the seashore" because of its beautiful mountains and rivers, rich humanities and outstanding people. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 3,500 people reading history books, including talented writers Ouyang Zhan and Wang, knowledgeable thinkers Li Zhi and Cai Xiang, national heroes, Yu, outstanding politicians, Liang Kejia, and military strategist Shi Lang.

In modern history, Quanzhou culture has seen a new scene. After the May 4th Movement, mass culture developed rapidly, first in schools and then in society. With the in-depth development of the New Culture Movement, people of insight in Quanzhou cultural circles responded in succession and set off a mass cultural movement. Especially after the "9. 18" incident, the people of Quanzhou were United as one, and progressive groups kept holding various activities. The old drama changed the atmosphere, and the drama of saving the nation was constantly staged. Anti-Japanese war songs resounded through famous mountains and rivers, writing a glorious chapter in the modern history of revolutionary culture.

Min Nan dialect

Quanzhou dialect (Quanzhou dialect) is distributed in today's counties (cities, districts and administrative committees) such as Licheng, Fengze, Luojiang, Quangang, Jinjiang, Nan 'an, Shishi, Hui 'an, Anxi, Yongchun, Dehua, Jinmen and Jing Qing Science and Technology Industrial Zone, with a population of more than 6.58 million. Quanzhou dialect is a branch of Minnan dialect.

Minnan dialect is a Chinese dialect that transcends regional and provincial boundaries. It is mainly used in southern Fujian, Chaoshan area in eastern Guangdong and most parts of Taiwan Province Province, Hainan Province and parts of Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province, as well as in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Jiangsu, central and northeastern Fujian. Some people also speak Minnan dialect. Over the past 1000 years, many people in southern Fujian and Chaoshan have emigrated to make a living abroad. People and language complement each other. In today's Southeast Asian countries, a considerable number of overseas Chinese still use Minnan as a communication tool.

Minnan dialect is so widely distributed that its "authenticity" should be Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Xiamen in Fujian, and Quanzhou dialect is the representative of the early Minnan dialect. This is determined by Quanzhou's political, economic and cultural status in southern Fujian.

As we all know, Quanzhou is the earliest developed area in southern Fujian and Fujian. As early as the Tang Dynasty, its economy was very prosperous, and Quanzhou ranked first among the other five capitals (Fuzhou, Jianning, Yanping, Tingzhou and Zhangzhou). Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the overseas traffic and trade of Tong Tong Port in Quanzhou has reached its peak, which is just as famous as Alexandria and has become the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road. Quanzhou has thus become the political, economic and cultural center of southern Fujian.

Quanzhou's dominant position makes Quanzhou dialect authoritative and constantly affects Zhangzhou and Minnan dialects. Liyuan Opera, the oldest drama in southern Fujian, and Nanyin, a famous ancient folk art, have not been influenced by the transformation of standard sounds in southern Fujian since their birth. The rhyme book Xiang Wu written by Huang Qian, a native of Quanzhou in Qing Dynasty, has always been regarded as the blueprint of the rhyme book in southern Fujian. It can be seen that Quanzhou sound has a great influence in history.

Xiamen dialect happens to be a dialect between Quanzhou and Zhangzhou, and there is a so-called "half Zhangzhou and half spring Xiamen dialect". After the Opium War, Xiamen, which belongs to Tongan County, Quanzhou Prefecture, was turned into one of the five trading ports and gradually became the center of foreign trade and overseas access in southern Fujian. Xiamen dialect gradually expanded its influence; Xiamen dialect eventually replaced Quanzhou dialect and became the representative of Minnan dialect.

Religious culture

In Qingyuan Mountain in the north of Quanzhou, there were alchemist hermit activities in Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Taikang period of the Western Jin Dynasty (280-289), the earliest Taoist temple in Quanzhou was built in Quanzhou. Buddhism also founded Enbukuji under Jiuri Mountain in Nan 'an at this time.

In the second year of Tang Jingzhi (765,438+065,438+0), Quanzhou was established, and the economic development and overseas trade gradually developed, which provided conditions for the spread of various religions in Quanzhou. A large number of Taoist temples and Buddhist temples have been established one after another. During the spread of Buddhism in Quanzhou, it has been continuously integrated with Quanzhou local traditional folk culture, and gradually formed a Buddhist culture with Quanzhou local culture color.

With the rise of Quanzhou Port and the development of overseas trade, Islam and Manichaeism also spread to Quanzhou. During the Five Dynasties, the Ming government advocated Taoism and Buddhism, and Taoism and Buddhism in Quanzhou reached their peak.

In the Song Dynasty, the supreme ruler established the cultural tradition of China with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism as the pattern. Restrict the development of Taoist and Buddhist forces, strictly implement the tonsure system of monks and nuns and the Taoist acceptance system, and then improve the quality of monks and nuns and Taoists. Therefore, many famous monks and Taoists appeared in the Song Dynasty, and many famous Buddhist and Taoist works also appeared.

In the second year of Song You (1087), Quanzhou set up a city shipping company, which was very active in overseas trade, prosperous in society and developed in culture. Buddhist temples have accumulated a lot of wealth, so there has been an unprecedented incident in history in which Buddhist monks built bridges and towers. The famous Zhenguo Pagoda and Renshou Pagoda of Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, as well as the famous Luoyang Bridge and Anping Bridge, were all initiated by monks in the Song Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, Islam and Nestorianism (Christianity) spread in Quanzhou, and Arabs and Persians built Jing Qing Temple in Quanzhou.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the court of the Yuan Dynasty adopted an eclectic attitude towards all kinds of religions. Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Nestorianism and Zoroastrianism (Manichaeism) can spread freely. Catholicism and Hinduism were also introduced into Quanzhou in the early Yuan Dynasty, and many religions existed and spread in Quanzhou. This is in line with Quanzhou's position as the world's largest trade port in the Yuan Dynasty.

Dian Umar, a descendant of Mu Sheng, and George Kuligis, a disciple of Jing, successively served as Pingzhang political affairs in Fujian Province (Quanzhou returned to the provincial administration) and lived in Quanzhou; It has a great influence on the development of Islam and Nestorianism in Quanzhou. The owner of Quanzhou Port in Mabar State built the Hindu Shiva Temple in Quanzhou. There are three magnificent Catholic churches built by Europeans in Quanzhou. The number of Islamic Jing Qing temples in Quanzhou has increased to six or seven. The Yuan court sent a monk, Xi Ramon, to station in Quanzhou. I, a monk in charge of Taoism and Nestorianism in Quanzhou, am the abbot of Xingming Temple. There are more than 3000 monks in Quanzhou Wu Kai Temple.

All this shows that Quanzhou in Yuan Dynasty was the radiation point of world religions.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, there was a court dispute, and Quanzhou Port became the focus of contention, and there was a decade-long battle of "Sibashi" until the demise of Yuan Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, there was a blind xenophobia movement in Quanzhou, and various foreign religions were seriously damaged. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Catholicism was introduced to Quanzhou again, but it was banned during the Qianlong period because it didn't respect the traditional culture of China. After the Opium War, according to the unequal treaties, Christianity and Catholicism were introduced again, which had a great impact on Quanzhou's education and health. In the late Qing Dynasty, Japanese religion was also introduced into Quanzhou.

After the founding of New China, the policy of freedom of religious belief was implemented. Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism and Islam in Quanzhou have all established their own religious organizations. During the "Cultural Revolution", all religious activities stopped. After 1978, all religions in Quanzhou resumed their religious associations. Resume normal religious activities.