About the reasonable diet of junior high school students is a questionnaire.

With the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for diet are getting higher and higher. Especially for middle school students in the critical period of physical development, a reasonable and healthy diet structure and habits are more important. However, due to various external and self reasons, most students have more or less misunderstandings in the choice and collocation of diet. In view of this problem, after investigation and thinking, tracing back to the source, this paper puts forward corresponding solutions and suggestions, and provides relevant knowledge of reasonable diet in order to help students.

Keywords healthy diet

Middle school is a critical period for students' knowledge and physical development, so reasonable diet structure and habits are particularly important. However, it is at this stage that due to the pressure of study and the lack of relevant knowledge, and the lack of necessary guidance and guidance from society, schools and parents, middle school students are prone to picky eaters, partial eclipse, excessive dieting or overeating according to their own preferences, which not only damages their health, but also reduces their learning efficiency. In view of this problem, our group organized this survey. We hope that the survey data can reflect our students' dietary structure and habits more scientifically and truly, and after inductive analysis, explore the reasons and put forward our reasonable suggestions.

What are the problems in middle school students' diet at present?

According to the survey, the nutritional status of middle school students in China is not very good at present. The main reason is that middle school students have a heavy learning burden, but the corresponding nutrition has not kept up; At the same time, some parents and schools have some problems in students' meal arrangement.

According to the survey data of some middle school canteens, the calorie supply of three meals a day for middle school students only reaches about 80% of the standard supply; Protein is only about 70%; Calcium, riboflavin and vitamin A are also obviously insufficient.

From the source of protein, the problem is serious. Protein in middle school students' diet mainly comes from pork, but the protein content of pork is not as good as that of beef and other poultry, but the fat content is higher than these foods. Although pork is also a good food in protein, the single source of protein will reduce the intake of other nutrients required by middle school students. Therefore, the intake of beef, fish, milk, animal blood, beans and products should be appropriately increased to supplement comprehensive and balanced nutrition.

In addition, the diet is monotonous, and cooking does not consider color, aroma, taste and type, which can not stimulate students' appetite and also affect the intake of nutrition.

Therefore, in order to make students grow up healthily, family meals should be planned and diversified as much as possible. Even if you can't change the variety of food, you should pay more attention to cooking methods. When shopping for food, we should also pay attention to those with low nutritional value and high price.

Daily dietary supply per kilogram of body weight

Supply per kilogram of age /g

10 years old male 2.43 female 2.26

13~ 15 years old male 1.90 female 1.89

16~ 17 years old male 1.66 female 1.66

18~44 years old male 1.43 female 1.50

Table of one-day dietary structure of experimental middle schools in Turpan area

Breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Steamed bread, eggs, burritos, shredded seaweed, shredded potatoes, soybean milk, porridge, milk, bread, vegetable steamed bread, meat steamed buns, fruits, instant noodles, noodles, fried tofu, Chinese cabbage, wax gourd, scrambled eggs with tomatoes, fried meat with mushrooms, fried rice with Chinese cabbage and carrots, beef noodles and vegetables; Steamed bread, porridge, steamed bread, vegetable noodles, fried food.

Analysis:

1. Eggs contain lecithin and are rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins A, D and B. You need to eat 1-2 eggs every day.

2, carrots, egg yolks, milk, fish, bean products, fresh vegetables, fruits, which contain protein and vitamin A, lack of vitamin A is easy to fatigue, inattention, mood swings, irritability, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal digestive dysfunction, and even some will increase blood pressure and neurasthenia.

3. tomatoes, potatoes, meat and milk are rich in vitamins b and C.

4. Soybean contains 40% high-quality protein, 85% of which is unsaturated fatty acid, which can prevent hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. It is also rich in vitamin B2, calcium, phosphorus and iron, which are very important for brain nutrition. Soybean and sesame seeds contain a lot of phospholipids, which is beneficial to intellectual development and should be eaten in moderation.

5. Milk, milk and goat's milk are good foods for students, and their nutritional value is similar to that of eggs.

6. Fruit can provide rich minerals and vitamins, organic acids and dietary fiber. Organic acids can stimulate the secretion of gastric juice, and dietary fiber can promote intestinal peristalsis and help digestion and excretion.

7, don't eat too many sweets refined rice and flour, because these foods make the blood not acidic, consume a lot of vitamins, and easily cause fatigue, forgetfulness and anxiety.

This survey takes experimental middle school students as the survey object, mainly adopts questionnaire survey and random sampling, and the sample size is 170, involving both men and women. The following are our questionnaire contents and survey results.

Are you satisfied with your eating habits?

A, satisfactory (2 1%) b, fair (47%) c, unreasonable (32%)

2. Do you often eat fruit?

A, often (56%)B, occasionally (42%)C, don't like eating (2%)

3. Do you like snacks?

A, often (26%)B, sometimes (66%) c, don't like eating (8%)

Do you eat breakfast on time every day?

A, every day (62%) b, eat when you have time (33%) c, and don't eat (5%)

5. What kind of food do you often eat?

A, vegetables (44%) b, pasta (4 1%) c, fried (14.7%) d, others (0.3%).

6. Do you eat on time?

A, often (55.4%) B, eat when you are hungry (44.6%).

At the same time, we also designed a question and answer: "How do you think we can achieve a reasonable diet? Do you have any good methods? " For this question, the students made various answers according to their actual situation: three meals a day are regular; To balance nutrition, don't eat foods containing a lot of fat and sugar; Eat more vegetarian dishes rich in vitamins; Mix meat and vegetables, eat less pickled food; No picky eaters, no anorexia, no diet; Drink milk before going to bed; Moderately improve diet on weekends and so on.

After obtaining the survey data, after analysis, we can see that we can sum up the following points about students' diet structure and habits:

1, students have a preliminary concept of the importance of a reasonable diet. For example, 32% students have realized that their eating habits are unreasonable, which is gratifying progress, and self-awareness is the first step to solve the problem;

2. A considerable number of students have not developed good eating habits, and almost half (44.6%) have irregular meals a day, so they eat when they are hungry. Although 6 1.5% students eat breakfast on time, 33% students have time to eat breakfast, and 5% students don't eat breakfast at all. The intense study and activities in the morning require that breakfast must contain enough calories, otherwise there will be listlessness and inattention in three or four classes, which will affect normal study. The calorie intake for breakfast should account for 1/3 of the total calories in a day. In order to ensure energetic study, some nutritious eggs, milk, peanuts, soybeans and so on. Can be added to breakfast;

3. Most students tend to be rational in the choice of food, but there are still some students who are picky eaters and partial eclipse according to their personal hobbies. 56% students often eat fruits, 44% students eat vegetables and only 26% students like snacks. On the other hand, 44% students eat fruit occasionally, and only 8% students don't eat snacks. Regular consumption of fried food and pickled products is harmful to human health. Among the top ten junk foods in the world announced by the World Health Organization, fried foods and pickled foods rank in the top two, and the former is the chief culprit of cardiovascular diseases. Contains carcinogens; Destroy vitamins and denature protein; The latter leads to hypertension, kidney overload and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Affect the mucosal system (harmful to the stomach); It is easy to get ulcers and inflammation. But there are still 15% students who often eat it.

4. Students have a certain understanding of how to improve their diet structure and habits. According to the answers to our questions, we can see that students have given many reasonable and scientific suggestions, but in practice, they have not been well implemented. This shows that the dietary problem of middle school students is a complex problem related to society, parents, schools and students, and it is difficult for students to completely improve themselves.

Through the above summary, we are delighted to find that students have a certain understanding of reasonable diet, and the choice of diet structure tends to be reasonable. However, the situation is still not optimistic, and some students still have many problems in the choice and collocation of diet. To fundamentally understand the problem and put forward a thorough solution, we must explore the deep-seated reasons.

1. Society, parents and schools lack publicity, guidance and education on students' diet-related knowledge. Middle school students are not deeply involved in the world, their knowledge is single and narrow, and their diet choices and habits are passive to some extent. If they are not guided and educated in time, they will easily go astray.

2. Regional cultural differences and life differences also have obvious effects on the diet structure and habits of middle school students. The north likes pasta, and Turpan is an area where ethnic minorities live in compact communities. Meat consumption accounts for a large proportion in food consumption, with insufficient vegetables, fruits, eggs and milk and too much high-fat meat. In the long run, it will inevitably lead to unreasonable diet structure and habits.

3. Some students are not self-disciplined, eat irregularly, ignore the nutritional composition and harm of food, excessively pursue the taste of food, "can't control their mouths" and are picky eaters, which is also an important reason for forming bad eating habits.

How to optimize and solve the current situation and problems of middle school students' diet? In this regard, we put forward the following suggestions and countermeasures:

1, society, schools and parents should strengthen cooperation and communication, give full play to their own advantages, society should strengthen publicity, parents should always supervise, schools should interspersed with lectures on relevant knowledge, so as to treat both the symptoms and root causes;

2. Students in Turpan should have a clear and rational understanding of the eating habits and the advantages and disadvantages of daily main foods in our region, abandon their shortcomings, promote their strengths, be good at collocation and supplement them reasonably. According to the nutritionist's summary, the general principle of daily diet is that food is diverse, mainly cereals; Eat more vegetables, fruits and potatoes; Often eat milk, beans or their products; Eat light and salty food; Eat proper amount of poultry, fish, eggs and lean meat, and eat less fat and meat oil;

3. Strengthen the cultivation of self-discipline. Don't eat food with single nutrition and poor quality just because you are greedy for taste and temporary appetite. Don't be picky about food. The calories consumed by human body mainly come from staple foods such as rice, flour and fat, and protein. Therefore, middle school students should eat three meals first, and at the same time, they should eat more foods rich in protein, such as fish, lean meat, eggs, milk and bean products, and supplement enough vitamins and minerals. Scientifically and reasonably arrange diet and adhere to good living habits;

4. Middle school students should take the initiative to strengthen the study of diet knowledge through various extracurricular media and channels, guide them to eat reasonably with scientific ideas, enhance their recognition ability and cultivate a healthy concept of diet consumption.

5. Suggest that middle school students eat more melons and vegetables? July is often used to describe the hot summer when cicadas and frogs croak. Indeed, even if we don't move in summer, we will feel full of sunshine and sweat, not to mention studying and studying in such an environment. Therefore, for candidates, eating more melons can achieve the purpose of relieving summer heat and preventing diseases. Cucumber is the most common variety of melon vegetables, which can be eaten raw, cold and cooked. In addition to various nutrients such as sugar and amino acids, it is also rich in vitamins and potassium salts, among which the content of vitamin C is five times higher than that of watermelon. The cellulose of cucumber has a certain effect on the excretion of intestinal rotten food and lowering cholesterol. Fresh cucumber also contains malonic acid, which can inhibit the conversion of carbohydrates into fat. Therefore, for middle school students, eating more cucumbers can not only relieve summer heat, but also relieve boredom and stimulate appetite.

Winter melon is also a good seasonal dish for middle school students in summer, which is beneficial to water anti-inflammatory and heat-clearing and detoxification. Its main function for middle school students is to treat summer heat and boredom, and to clear the heart and soothe the throat.

Bitter gourd contains special momordicin and bitter rosin, so it has a unique bitter taste. Although bitter, it can dispel summer heat and clear the heart after eating in summer. Compared with other melons, bitter gourd contains more protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamins, among which ascorbic acid reaches 84 mg per 100 g edible part, ranking first among melons.

Papaya fishtail soup is a common folk soup for relieving summer heat and strengthening stomach, which has a good effect on promoting middle school students' digestion and appetite. Just try it.

6. How to eat to improve learning efficiency?

Scientists have found that the human brain contains dozens of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and acetylcholine. They maintain a certain concentration and balance in the brain, so that the brain has normal intelligence. But the concentration and balance of these neurotransmitters are closely related to the supply of nutrients in the brain. Some foods can improve the brain's acceptance and learning efficiency, and make the brain's thinking more agile and focused.

(1) Food that helps to remember. Carrots can improve memory. Because carrots can accelerate the metabolism of the brain. Spinach is rich in vitamin C and contains an important trace element manganese, which is low in calories and can enhance memory if eaten regularly.

(2) Food to improve learning efficiency. Eating cabbage often can reduce people's fatigue; Lemon is rich in vitamin C, which can make people energetic and improve learning efficiency.

(3) food that helps to concentrate. Shrimp is a delicious food that can provide nutrition for the brain. Shrimp contains three important fatty acids, which can keep people focused for a long time. Now brain gold and deep-sea fish oil have the same effect.

(4) Food that can stimulate people's creativity. Ginger contains capsaicin and volatile oil, which makes blood dilute and flow more freely, thus providing more oxygen for the brain, thus making people's thinking open and agile. The volatile oil contained in parsley (celery) can stimulate people's whole nervous system and stimulate people's inspiration and innovative consciousness.

Doctors believe that paying attention to children's intellectual food supply in middle school plays a very important role in their brain development. They should be given lean meat, milk, eggs, fish, animal offal, bean products, fresh vegetables, fruits, etc. in their daily diet, and pay attention to reasonable deployment and reasonable collocation to ensure the nutritional balance of candidates and the development needs of their brains and intelligence. Some parents think that the brain development of children 18 years old has been finalized, so it is better to make up now. In fact, scientific nutrition is conducive to improving learning efficiency at any age.

7. What are the eating habits that are not conducive to the intellectual development of middle school students?

(1) full. Because of three meals a day, blood accumulates in the gastrointestinal tract for a long time, which leads to cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, hinders the development of brain cells and reduces IQ. What's more, satiety can induce the brain to secrete a large amount of protein called fibroblast growth factor. This protein can promote the proliferation of vascular cells, narrow the lumen, weaken the blood supply capacity and aggravate brain hypoxia. In addition, there is no effective drug to limit the secretion of this substance that is harmful to the brain, and it can only be prevented by appropriately reducing food intake. Therefore, children should not overeat for three meals, which is beneficial to brain development.

(2) vegetarian. Some parents use the so-called adult low-fat diet standard to ask their children not to eat or eat less meat dishes, resulting in too little fat intake. Scientists point out that fat is an important part of the brain, which is as important as protein, especially DHA, the main component of deep-sea fish oil. These substances are particularly important for children's intellectual development. Therefore, a diet with meat and vegetables can meet the needs of children's brain development.

(3) sweets. Eating some sugary foods in moderation is helpful for children's brain development, but not as much as possible. Because the final metabolite of sugar in the body is acid radical with anions, too much will change the normal alkaline state of body fluids into acidic constitution, which will cause the decline of brain function, such as listlessness, poor memory, slow response, etc., and even lead to neurasthenia, which will cast a shadow on children's intellectual development.

(4) anorexia. Anorexia is not conducive to the growth and development of children. If you eat too little for three meals, even if you are half hungry, it will also hurt your brain. Studies have shown that the weight of anorexic children is 30% lower than that of normal people, and their attention, memory, learning and planning abilities are correspondingly reduced, and their brain morphology is also shrinking to some extent.

(5) Fried food. Fried foods such as fried dough sticks, pancakes, fried peanuts and fried eggs taste good and are attractive to children. It's okay to eat a little occasionally, but it's harmful to eat a lot for a long time. First, baking powder containing aluminum is added in the production process of this kind of food, and aluminum has been proved to be a big "killer" of brain cells; Second, high-temperature cooking can produce a large number of toxic substances such as phenylpropyl pyrene with strong carcinogenic effect; Third, it contains more lipid peroxide, which can promote premature aging of brain cells and should not be eaten more.

(6) salty food. The main component of salt is sodium chloride. Eating too much will increase the concentration of sodium ions in the body, which will not only increase the incidence of diseases such as hypertension, gastritis and colds, but also be harmful to the brain. From a physiological point of view, the daily salt intake should be controlled within 6 grams, which is of positive significance for protecting the brain.

(7) snacks. Eating snacks often keeps the gastrointestinal tract in a state of tension, and a large amount of blood is concentrated, which causes cerebral ischemia. Snacks are mostly fried or puffed foods. The former contains more aluminum and the latter contains more lead, which is not good for brain cells. We should eat as little as possible.

The above is the result of our group's investigation on the reasonable diet of middle school students. We hope that through this survey, we can let ourselves, society, parents and schools objectively and truly understand the current situation of middle school students' diet, face up to the existing problems, attract the attention of all parties, and then take effective measures to gradually guide and solve them. Middle school is an important period of life. We hope that students can reflect on this survey and gain some insights. Healthy eating will definitely create a better life.

In our investigation, I found that our daily diet is unreasonable and unscientific, which is far from the scientific diet structure. Health is the capital of revolution, and health is the key to improving learning. How can you concentrate on your studies if you are in poor health?

Our investigation and study are still very fruitful. Being able to participate in this activity in an orderly way is very helpful for us to improve our foresight and cultivate our scientific and reasonable judgment ability on something.