Culture and Art of Yangzhong Town

Paper binding belongs to the art of lamp technology. Both foreign countries and China people are good at this skill. The locals in foreign countries and China call the activity of "tying paper" on the street "welcoming the lights". Paper binding is an art that integrates puppet, bamboo weaving, wood carving, lantern, painting, lighting, sewing and other comprehensive arts. Using the principles of physics and chemistry, the paper binding with ingenious mechanism, three-dimensional scenery, lifelike fire and water, ingenious crops and changeable scenes is made. Through the ingenious operation of the "lamp holder" artist with superb lighting skills, the characters' activities are vivid and the landscape image is realistic.

Papermaking originated in the Ming Dynasty. During the Hongwu period (1368 ~ 1398), Zhou Shu in the middle of the ocean was good at papermaking. Modern "paper-tied" lamp technology is more shining. From the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935) to 1979, it was costly to hold large-scale "flower-welcoming lanterns". Among them, it was held in 36 years of the Republic of China (1947), which was unprecedented in modern times. More than a dozen people, including Zhou Yunfu, Hu, Zhou, etc., spent more than two months carefully creating five paper labels, setting four groups of character scenes at a time. Its themes include Feng Yiting, the Seventh Army of the Flood, Zhou Cang catching pounds, Guan Gong taking Changsha, burning gourd valley, Guanyin receiving Hong Haier, Wang Xiang sleeping on the ice, looking for carp, visiting ten halls and so on. In particular, Zhou Yunfu's "Feng Yi Ting" and other papers are tied, and the lighting art is unique. It was once known as "the first Yi lantern in Xixiang". 1969, Zhou Liangdai, Zhou et al. created papers such as "Recent Flowers" to celebrate the convening of the 9th National Congress of China * * * Production Party. 1979, foreign paper-binding artists created "golden paper-binding". From September 30th of that year to June 2nd of 10, to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), a large-scale street-stepping activity was held for three consecutive nights.

In Dongshan Village, Yangzhong Town, which is separated from the ocean by a water, the art of "iron branch" lamp technology has been circulating among the people. Generally, it is held at the same time as the "Flower Lantern" (paper binding) activity in the ocean, which complements each other and adds a warm atmosphere to the festivals in Xixiang. Most of its themes are based on classical or folk stories, such as Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Guanyin Bodhisattva and Golden Wedding. The creation of iron branches is based on forged iron and iron bars, which integrates iron branches, wood art, fine arts, lighting and other arts. According to the story, children with makeup will stand, hang or lie on iron frames and wooden frames to shape characters, and configure scenes and colored lights to shape the scenery. Skill, concealment, adventure and vividness. There are also a number of folk artists who create "Tiezhi" in Fushan Street of Ningde City, including the Lantern Festival of 199 1, the She Culture and Art Festival of 199 1, and Sandu 'ao, China held in September of 1992.

There are countless traditional cultures in China, such as drama, music, calligraphy, dance, paper carving, and lantern walking ... If these are skillfully mixed together, you will definitely encounter iron sticks. Tie Ying branch, also known as "Taige", was introduced into Jiaocheng from Taiwan Province in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. In the hundreds of years of inheritance and development, it is a kind of folk performance art that welded steel pipes or iron bars into branches and fixed them on the shaft to move. It absorbed the essence of folk literature, traditional drama, dance and other art categories and formed a unique performance feature. Each iron pole is about 2-3 meters high and can accommodate 5-7 actors. According to the local elderly, since the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to pray for good weather, peace in the four seasons and fish every year, there has been a folk activity of moving iron branches to welcome the spring and receive blessings in Dongshan in the middle of the ocean. The old man in the village told the author that it is not easy to support because of poor economic conditions and many children at home. In order to pray for children's safety, children compete to play the role of iron branches. It continues to this day. Although there are some superstitions, it can be seen from the side that local people attach importance to welcoming iron branches.

As the saying goes, "amateurs watch the excitement and experts watch the doorway." For the residents of Dongshan village, watching the iron branches is not only a spectator, but also a doorkeeper. Most people are already professional. This is not only because moving Tiezhi has a long history in Dongshan Village, but also because Ningde people have a preference for this kind of folk art. It is true that after more than 500 years of inheritance and development, Tiezhi has a strong flavor of local life and has become one of the influential folk festivals in eastern Fujian. Nowadays, the performance of moving iron branches in Ningde has gradually declined, and the iron branch in Dongshan Village is even more outstanding. From the initial 2-3m single-layer performance to the current 7-8m multi-layer performance, the figure modeling has evolved from static to dynamic, and the performance content has evolved from the initial traditional drama to the current economic construction, forming a unique performance feature. "Ying Tiezhi refers to a process of Tiezhi performance. The key to realizing this wonderful performance process lies in the' binding' process. " The fourth generation of Dongshan Iron Branch Art tells about three changes in the process of "tying" iron branches. One is from wooden "tied" branches to steel "welded" branches. With the mobility of Tiezhi performance, it is required that the materials of the scaffold be continuously optimized to ensure the safety of the actors' continuous performance. "According to Liu, before 1990, the scaffolding materials of iron branches were all made of wood, which was not only easy to break, but also could not be recycled, and the safety of actors' continuous performances could not be guaranteed. Later, they tried many times to change the bracket material into steel pipe or iron bar, that is, welding the steel pipe or iron bar into branches and fixing them on the shaft to move. "This not only enhances the stability, increases the safety factor of motor performance, but also creates conditions for installing the rotating bracket of motor vehicles during the performance." The second is from single layer, fixed to multi-layer and rotating. Since the adoption of steel frame, the performance of Dongshan Tieke has entered a qualitative leap. It turns out that each iron branch is generally 2-3 meters high, mostly single-storey, and can accommodate 3-5 people to perform, mostly static figures, similar to the "appearance" of China traditional opera performances. With the use of modern advanced materials such as steel frame, the bearing capacity of the support has also been strengthened, especially the innovative application of light and electricity in the shape, beauty and performance of the support, which makes the modern iron moving performance more artistic and ornamental. At present, the iron branches in Dongshan are as high as seven or eight meters, and the average actor sits or stands on at least three floors. Actors can not only perform complex plots and actions, but also rotate with the flashing lights. The third is to move from simple traditional drama to pluralistic integration. Although the performance of British Tiezhi has been inherited and developed for more than 500 years, its performance content cannot be separated from the classic programs of traditional drama. Therefore, on the basis of inheritance, the designers of Tiezhi performance boldly innovate, so that the traditional art can conform to the trend of the times and become a dazzling pearl in Fujian folk art. The content of the traditional performance of welcoming Tiezhi is generally limited to the classic repertoire of traditional drama, and some simple plot actions are made according to the needs of the performance. For example, in Shui Jin Man Shan, two children play the role of White Snake and Fa Hai respectively, each with a weapon to fight. The band followed closely behind the iron branch, accompanied by suona, erhu, gongs and drums, and lined up across the street. Everywhere I went, good men and women fired guns and worshipped, which was very lively. The designers of Dongshan Tie Ying Branch not only pay attention to promoting the essence of folk culture, but also actively absorb modern excellent culture. They not only cherish the historical and cultural accumulation, but also enthusiastically cultivate and create the inheritance of modern culture to traditional culture, extend the performance content to the level of praising contemporary economic construction and give it a strong flavor of the times. Enjoying teaching is well received by the masses. "The performance content is integrated into multiculturalism from traditional drama, which not only makes the performance scene grand, but also enhances the performance atmosphere and appeal, making the performance a highlight on the folk art stage in recent years, highlighting the infinite creativity of Dongshan Yingtiezhi's performance art."

March 23rd, 20 16 (February 15th of the lunar calendar), after a lapse of eighteen years, Dongshan Village in Yangzhong Town once again held the ceremony of "welcoming iron branches". The crowd was filled with joy and joy by moving iron branches, playing lanterns, dancing dragons and lions, hanging lanterns and setting up the Drum Tower Pavilion.

The sound of gongs and drums, firecrackers, lanterns and bright iron branches is overwhelming. In the sound of fireworks and firecrackers, the iron-welcoming team slowly sailed to the center of the street, swept the end of the street and swam into Dongshan Ancient Street. Ruins of Golden Monkey Sacrifice, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, What's the Trouble with the Sea, Three Friends of the Cold Year ... Wonderful cultural performances are staged in turn, each with its own wonderful songs. The crowd side by side, the scene of empty lanes, the wind and rain can't quench the enthusiasm of villagers and tourists, and people cheer loudly, much like the carnival in the prosperous times.

This is an ancient folk culture, bearing people's good wishes. It is like a rope that runs through the villagers, tying everyone together tightly and guarding this heavy homesickness together. Comments on the Sea is very famous in history and is deeply loved by the people.

In the 1950 s, Ningde Ocean Central Amateur Troupe was very famous. Since ancient times, Ningde people have made many inventions. In the ocean, handicrafts such as paper-tied lantern art, hydraulic wood mill, Beiyang straw mat, Baoyan hat and Guoyu bamboo braider have a long history. Chen Yongjie and Zhou Changhe, old folk craftsmen abroad, are good at making hydraulic tea makers.