Characteristics of Zhuang Studies

Any discipline has its own unique characteristics, Zhuangxue will not be an exception. From the process of the formation, development and prosperity of Zhuangology, the author believes that the discipline of Zhuangology has the following main features: the discipline of Zhuangology has a comprehensive character has been unanimously recognized by the Zhuangology community, the comprehensive nature of Zhuangology by the Zhuang and its Zhuang study of the two aspects of the knowledge system is determined, that is, the aforementioned implication of the rich "Zhuang" (ethnicity) and the implication of the "learning" (question, science) combination of the "Zhuang" (question, science) and the "extensive" (question, science). It is recognized that the comprehensive nature of Zhuang studies is determined by both the richness of Zhuang and its knowledge system, i.e., the combination of the aforementioned Zhuang (ethnicity) and the wide-ranging Zhuang (questioning, science) is characterized by the comprehensive nature of Zhuang studies and not by the unilateral and objective existence of the Zhuang people.

From the point of view of the research theme, the comprehensive character of the discipline of Zhuang studies is manifested in covering the two major themes of the history and culture of the Zhuang people and the modernization of the Zhuang people.

From the perspective of research content, the comprehensive character of the discipline of Zhuangology is manifested in the gradual expansion from small to large and from point to surface. In the formative period of Zhuang studies (1950s and 1960s), the subjects of Zhuang studies were mainly history (including the origin of the Zhuang people, social development history, history of people, history of resistance, and history of revolution), language, literature, art (including Zhuang folk songs, Liu Sanjie (the Song Fairy), Zuojiang Huashan cliff paintings, bronzes and bronze drums), archaeology, the Zhuang Tusi system, and Zhuang medicine, which began to be characterized by comprehensiveness. In the period of development (1978 to 1980s), the comprehensive character of Zhuang studies was manifested in the deepening, expanding and innovating on the basis of the formation period. During this period, the research on Zhuang historiography, literature, art as well as language and writing was deepened and perfected, and new contents were introduced in the research on Zhuang aliases, geographical names, culture, folk customs, marriage, Du Lao system, tie-up system, song polder, song meeting, literature, burial system, soldiers, modern historical figures, totem, socio-economics, agriculture and planting, residence, sorcery, myths, epic poems, primitive religions, philosophies, music, farmland system, population and relations between Zhuang and Han nationalities. New contents of research in such aspects as the relationship between the Zhuang and Han peoples were introduced, thus highlighting the comprehensive character of Zhuang studies in terms of research contents. In the boom period (1990s to the present), the comprehensive nature of Zhuang studies was further manifested in the deepening of Zhuang cultural studies and the development of new contents. The "Dashi Shovel Culture", "Bluto Culture", "Boxiao Culture" (i.e., primitive belief culture), "Na Culture" (i.e., rice culture), and "Baoxiao Culture" (i.e., rice culture) of the Zhuang people have been studied. "(i.e., rice culture), "copper drum culture" (i.e., bronze culture), "dry bar culture" (i.e., residential culture), "totem culture", Nuoji Culture" (i.e. primitive religious culture), "Mou Culture" (i.e. primitive Mouxiao culture), "Sieve Culture" (Shigong culture), "Biange Culture" (i.e. Zhuang song), "Mou Culture" (i.e. Zhuang song), and "Mou Culture" (i.e. Zhuang song). culture" (i.e., Zhuang song culture), "Frogwoman culture" (i.e., ballad culture), "Wei Peng culture" or "Hang Duan culture" (i.e., song dike culture), "Long Horn Miao Culture" (i.e. Huashan Cliff Mural Art Culture), "Zhuang Brocade Culture", "Zhuang Opera Culture", "Relying Culture " (i.e., ancient medicine culture), "Pangu Culture", "Hongshui River Culture", "Zuojiang Culture", " Liu Sanjie culture" and other important concepts, as well as some new contents of Zhuang studies among them, all appeared one after another in this period and gradually constructed part of the cultural system, proposing that "primitive rice agriculture appeared in the Zhuang area as early as 9000 years ago, and the Zhuang people were the first to have a culture of rice cultivation. The new point of view that "primitive rice agriculture appeared in the Zhuang area as early as 9000 years ago, becoming one of the origins of rice agriculture" explains the outstanding contribution of Zhuang "that culture" to South China and Southeast Asia. The prosperous period of Zhuang studies has vigorously promoted and facilitated the modern "Bluto Culture", "Copper Drum Culture", "Bureaucratic Song Culture", "Frogwoman Culture", "Song Culture", and "Song Culture". It also promoted the development of modern "Brodha Culture", "Copper Drum Culture", "Bong Song Culture", "Frog Woman Culture", "Song Wei Culture", "Liu Sanjie Culture" as well as the formation and perfection of the system of Zhuang medicine. These are the "Huang School", "Qin School", "Zhuang Medicine School", "Literature and Art School" and "House School" of the Bagui School. "School" and other branch members *** with the results of the efforts, especially in the "Qin school" (to the Guangxi Institute for Ethnic Studies researcher "three Qin" as a representative) of Qin Naichang, Qin Cailuan, Qin Shengmin; Su Guanchang, Ouyang Ruoxiu, Zhou Zuqiu, Huang Shaoqing, He Longqun, Qin Deqing of the "Huang School"; Ban Xiuwen, Huang Jinming, Huang Hanru of the "Zhuang Medicine School"; Lan Hongen, Pan Qiyu of the "Literature School"; and Lan Hongen, Pan Qiyu of the "Literature School". The "Literary School" of Lan Hongen, Pan Qixu, Zheng Chaoxiong, Qin Guosheng, Wei Suwen, Fan Sim, Nong Guanpin, Nong Xueguan, Qiu Zhensheng, Huang Guiqiu, Liao Mingjun; the "Academy School" of Jiang Tingyu, Fan Honggui, Huang Chengzhuan, Xiaoyongzhi, Li Fuqiang and other people have made outstanding contributions to the work of a lot of work.

In addition to this, during the period of prosperity of Zhuang Studies, new research contents such as physical anthropology of the Zhuang people, education, and the relationship between Zhuang and Thai cultures were successively introduced. All of this fully demonstrates the comprehensive character of the research content of the discipline of Zhuang Studies. The cross-cutting characteristics of the discipline of Zhuang studies are mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the cross-cutting nature of the use of historical materials and research methods (including diversification and integration), and the other is the cross-cutting nature of the discipline.

From the point of view of historical materials and research methods, during the formative period of Zhuang Studies, the main cross-cutting historical materials covering documentary historical materials, archaeological historical materials and oral historical materials, such as survey materials (including statistical historical materials and oral historical materials), historical documents and archaeological historical materials, etc., were used as the basis, and the cross-cutting research methods (meaning diversification and cross-cutting) of different disciplines, such as ethnology, cultural anthropology, history, linguistics, archaeology and folklore, etc., were utilized. Research was carried out. In the period of development and prosperity, this intersectional research method was further expanded, and the theories and intersectional research methods of multiple disciplines, such as philosophy, history, geography, linguistics, psychology, economics, law, political science, sociology, ethnology, folklore, pedagogy, demography, culture, archaeology, religion, cultural anthropology, physical anthropology, as well as natural science, began to be borrowed to carry out multidimensional research on the Zhuang people. Multi-dimensional research.

From a disciplinary point of view, the research on the relationship between Zhuang and Han peoples, the theory of Zhuang and Dong peoples, and the comparative research on the traditional cultures of Zhuang and Thai peoples, which were carried out during the development and prosperity of Zhuang studies, are all cross-research between Zhuang studies and other disciplines. Of course, this kind of cross-sectional research results of Zhuang studies and other disciplines can not only be regarded as the results of Zhuang studies, but also the results of multidisciplinary.

The cross-disciplinary characteristics of Zhuang studies are determined by the comprehensive characteristics of Zhuang studies and the geographical characteristics of Zhuang people. The Zhuang people mainly reside for generations in today's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, where there are 12 major ethnic groups, including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Mulao, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui, Gelao and so on, and the Autonomous Region is bordered by Vietnam in the southwest. Therefore, historically, the Zhuang had close interaction with other ethnic groups, and cultural exchanges among ethnic groups had a long history, especially the Zhuang-Thai culture, which was of the same origin and different streams in the historical relationship. This determines that Zhuang studies are inevitably related to traditional Han studies, Thai studies and emerging Yao studies, Miao studies and Dong studies, thus determining the cross-cutting characteristics of Zhuang studies. From these aspects, the discipline of Zhuang studies is a typical cross-discipline or fringe discipline. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Central People's Government implemented the policy of ethnic equality, unity and prosperity of all ethnic groups, and the Zhuang people were recognized as equal members of the multi-ethnic motherland family, enjoying the rights of regional ethnic autonomy. In particular, after the ethnologists Fei Xiaotong and Huang Xianfan led the Guangxi sub-group of the Central Ethnic Visiting Mission to the South and Central China (leader Fei Xiaotong, deputy leader Huang Xianfan) to visit the counties in Guangxi in 1951, after in-depth investigations by the Ethnic Visiting Mission and expert arguments as well as consultations among representatives of all sectors of the Zhuang ethnic group, the widely distributed "Buzhuang" and the Zhuang ethnic branches of more than 20 kinds of branches were unified into one. The widely distributed "Buzhuang" and the branches of the Zhuang with more than 20 kinds of clans were unified and called the "Boys", which followed the old clan name in the history of the Zhuang. Soon after, the "Boys", which began in the Song Dynasty, was officially recognized by the Central People's Government as one of the nationalities in the motherland's big family of nationalities, and the "Boys" (in 1965, Premier Zhou Enlai suggested that "Boys" should be changed to "Zhuang", taking the name of "strong, sturdy, and strong" as a reference to the Zhuang. (Premier Zhou Enlai suggested in 1965 to change the name "Boys" to "Strongs", which means robust and strong) was recognized by the central government for the first time in the history of a long history ethnic group. For this reason, Zhuang Studies, which is specialized in the study of the Zhuang people, began to germinate and establish, and then developed and prospered in the new period of reform and opening up. The sprouting of Zhuang Studies began in the first half of the 1950s when Zhuang historian Huang Xianfan participated in the work of ethnic identification and led a series of social and historical surveys and reports on the Zhuang. The national policy of ethnic equality and the strong sense of national revitalization among the Zhuang scholars can be said to be the basis for the sprouting of Zhuang Studies. The sprouting, establishment, development and prosperity of Zhuang studies can be said to be synchronized with the rise, establishment, development and growth of the Huang and Ba Gui schools.

According to the necessary conditions for the establishment of a discipline - the objective existence of a clear single object of study, theories (including guiding theories), and a complete set of research methods - it is generally believed that the starting point for the formation of Zhuang Studies is the series of treatises written, published and distributed by Prof. Huang Xianfan, "History of Boys' Resistance Against Oppression in Guangxi," published by the Social and Historical Investigation Group of Ethnic Minorities in 1957 (printed in Guangxi). The History of the Boys' Resistance to Oppression in Guangxi (Printed by the Social and Historical Survey Group of Ethnic Minorities in Guangxi, January 1957), The Survey Data of the Boys' Tribe in Daxin County, Guangxi Province (more than 360,000 words, printed by the Social and Historical Survey Group of Ethnic Minorities in Guangxi, February 1957), Talking about Zhuang Songs (Guangxi Daily, Feb. 10, 1957), Historical Distribution of the Zhuang Tribe in Guangxi (Guangxi Daily, April 19, 1957), and A Brief History of the Boys in Guangxi (Guangxi People's Press, April 19, 1957), are generally regarded as the starting point of the formation of Zhuang Studies. (Guangxi People's Publishing House, June 1957). In these treatises, Huang Xianfan first took the Zhuang as a clear and single object of study, and for the first time comprehensively and systematically introduced and studied the history of the Zhuang. As the authoritative Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Zhuang People points out, A Brief History of the Boys of Guangxi is "one of the earliest comprehensive and systematic monographs on the introduction and study of the Zhuang people." Xu Junhui, a professor at Guangxi University, and others clearly pointed out, "The Zhuang are the most populous, economically and culturally developed ethnic minority group in China with a long history, but they did not have an independent historical work of their own before Huanglao's time. The Zhuang have their own independent historical works since Huang Lao. Thus, Huang Lao is not only a good son of the Zhuang people, but also a good son of the Chinese nation." Huang's "pioneering research results not only filled the gaps in the study of Zhuang history, but also had a positive significance in publicizing the Zhuang people, letting the world know about the Zhuang people, establishing the historical status of the Zhuang people, striving for the autonomy of the ethnic groups and the establishment of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region." Huang's book "provided historical materials for the preparation of the establishment of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region." "He was the first scholar to conduct a comprehensive and systematic field survey of the Zhuang." From this, he is known as "the founder of Zhuang historiography" and "the patriarch of Zhuang studies". The academic value of "A Brief History of the Boys of Guangxi" by Huang Xianfan does not only lie in this, but also in the fact that its innovative narrative style directly or indirectly influenced some subsequent Zhuang studies, as Prof. Tsukada Makiyuki, a Japanese scholar, explicitly pointed out: "Although "A Brief History of the Boys of Guangxi" is a 'brief history', the scope of the discussion is broader and the content is more comprehensive than the original one, and it has a lot of information on the Zhuang people. The scope of the treatise is broader, covering the distribution and origin of the Zhuang, social organization, history of revolutionary struggle, production, clothing, food, housing, marriage and funeral customs, culture and art, language and writing, education, etc. ...... This new model is comparable to that of the book A Brief History of the Zhuang (first draft in 1963, officially published in 1980), which was later written by the Zhuang Brief History Writing Group. published) in comparison, although there are slight differences in the details of the two books, it is obvious that the style of the Brief History of the Zhuang is largely inherited from the new model of the Brief History of the Boys of Guangxi." "After the founding of New China, in addition to the fact that the ethnographic narrative style contains programmatic continuities such as revolutionary struggle, class struggle, and Morgan's monophyletic theory of evolution, there also exists the continuity of the ethnographic model represented by Huang Xianfan, who unfolds the narrative from the standpoint and viewpoint of the ethnic minorities." These evaluations accurately positioned Wong's ethnography between the old and new ethnographies, reversed the pattern of a thousand years in which only the big nationalist historians had freely distorted the traditional history and culture of the Zhuang, and revealed that the appearance of Wong's book had played a wickerwork role in the study of Chinese ethnography and the genesis of Zhuang studies in the twentieth century. This shows that after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the series of field surveys on the Zhuang and the results of his systematic academic research on the Zhuang, carried out by Prof. Huang Xianfan, who was the first to take the Zhuang as the object of his specialized research, fulfilled the basic requirements for the formation of Zhuang Studies, and marked the formation of Zhuang Studies. Moreover, when comparing the Zhuang studies that began in the 1950s with the discussion of the Zhuang in the history of ethnic groups in South China or Guangxi during the Republic of China period, it is obvious that the two are not related to each other, let alone inherited from each other, no matter in the object and method of study, or in the viewpoints, ethnic thinking, and guiding theories, which is evident from the fact that Huang Xianfan and others did not cite but mostly criticized the discussion on the Zhuang in the early studies. This can also be seen from the fact that Huang Xianfan and others did not cite any of the earlier studies on the Zhuang, but mostly criticized them. It was during the formative period of Zhuang Studies that the Zhuang began to possess their own body of knowledge - history and national culture - and from this they drew out their own thematic reflections - the origin of the Zhuang, the nature of their ancient society, the evaluation of their historical figures, and their linguistic, cultural, and artistic characteristics - and from these they raised and argued a series of questions. From it, a series of questions are raised and argued, and some concepts and theories are refined, thus forming an independent discipline of Zhuang Studies.

Specifically, after the state officially launched the Latin-based Pinyin Zhuang script in November 1957, Wei Qingzhen, a student of Huang Xianfan, began a long and fruitful research specializing in the Zhuang language and its script. Professor Zhou Zuoqiu, a disciple of the "Huang School" (consisting of Huang and many of his disciples), first offered a course on "Literature of the Zhuang and Other Ethnic Minorities" at the Guangxi Normal College (now Guangxi Normal University, hereinafter referred to as "Guangxi Normal University") in the fall of 1958, which was continued until the "Cultural Revolution". Before the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution", he became the first scholar who listed Zhuang studies as part of the university education curriculum. At the same time, the language department of the Central Institute for Nationalities (now the Central University for Nationalities) set up a bachelor's degree specializing in boy language and literature. This indicated that the subject of Zhuang Studies was not only established as a relatively independent knowledge system, but also marked the simultaneous birth of Zhuang Studies as a "teaching subject". In 1956, Mr. Huang participated in the establishment of the "Guangxi Minority Social and Historical Survey Group" and became the deputy head of the group, leading the largest social and historical survey of ethnic minorities in the history of Guangxi. As the Zhuang experts pointed out, "In August 1956, Mr. Huang was entrusted by the People's Committee of the National People's Congress to participate in the formation of the "Guangxi Ethnic Minority Social and Historical Survey Group" as the deputy head of the group, who was actually in charge of the work of the whole group and led the first large-scale and comprehensive survey of ethnic minority history and traditional culture in the history of Guangxi. He led the first large-scale, comprehensive and in-depth survey on the history and traditional culture of ethnic minorities in Guangxi. At the age of nearly 60, under the very difficult conditions of transportation and living, Mr. Li led the members of the investigation group to climb mountains and cross water, and went through all the hardships to investigate and visit the Zhuang villages in Chongzuo, Longzhou, Pingxiang, Tianwait, Debao, and Daxin of Guangxi, collecting a large batch of precious materials, and laying the foundation of comprehensive and in-depth research on the social history and culture of the Zhuang people. With the development and change of the Zhuang society, these materials have become precious and are still indispensable for the study of Zhuang studies. Some of the members who followed Mr. Wang in the survey work at that time later became the basic force of the Guangxi Institute for Ethnic Studies. Therefore, these organized and large-scale investigations not only collected a large amount of first-hand precious data, but also trained human resources and created conditions for the establishment of Guangxi Institute of Ethnic Studies and the development of Zhuang Studies. At the end of the survey, Mr. Zhou compiled a part of the survey report of more than 100,000 words, and strongly stated the necessity of changing Guangxi Province into Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which theoretically provided the basis for the planning of Guangxi's regional ethnic autonomy. 1956, after attending the third session of the National People's Congress, Mr. Zhou Enlai, Premier of the National People's Congress, sought the views of Premier Zhou Enlai on Zhuang issues. Inspired and encouraged by Premier Zhou, Mr. Zhou began to compile "A Brief History of the Boys in Guangxi", which was published in the following year. The results of this pioneering research not only filled the gaps in the study of the history of the Zhuang, but also had a positive significance in publicizing the Zhuang, letting the world know about the Zhuang, establishing the historical status of the Zhuang, striving for the right of self-government for the ethnic groups and the establishment of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region." Especially in 1956, the "Guangxi Institute of Ethnic Studies" was established on the basis of the "Guangxi Ethnic Minority Social and Historical Investigation Group" led by Prof. Huang Xianfan, and the research work of the Institute played a great role in promoting the development of Zhuang Studies. In 1962 and 1963, the academic community held scientific seminars on the history of the Zhuang in Nanning and Beijing respectively, focusing on three major issues in the history of the Zhuang, namely, the origin of the Zhuang, the question of whether the Zhuang passed through the slave society, and the nature of Nong Zhigao's rebellion against the Song Dynasty, which in turn contributed to the development of Zhuang Studies. During the period of development of Zhuang Studies, Huang Xianfan and his disciples of the Huang School continued to engage in the study of Zhuang Studies despite the proliferation of "left-leaning ideology" at that time and the interference of "class struggle theory", and continued to take political risks, with numerous academic achievements, for example, Huang Xianfan's "Nong Zhigao's Rising Against Song" (Nong Zhigao Rising Against Song is a Just War). (in Guangxi Daily, April 2, 1962), "The Tusi System in Guixi" (in Proceedings of the Seminar on the History of Zhuang and Yao, July 1962), and "The Boys' Female General, Wa, Led the Resistance Against the Japanese" (in Proceedings of the Inaugural Meeting of the Historical Society of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, March 1963); and "Discussion of the Origins of the Boys' Race" (in Ethnic Studies, No. 9, 1958), written by Su Guanchang. Research, No. 9, 1958), "Discussion on the Origin of the Boys" (in Ethnic Research, No. 9, 1959), and "A Preliminary Exploration of the Ethnic Composition of the Tuguan of Guangxi" (in National Solidarity, Nos. 2 and 3, 1963); and Huang Zengqing, "The Ancient Society of the Boys of Guangxi as Seen from Unearthed Artifacts" (in Guangxi Daily, June 20, 1962), and "A Preliminary Exploration of the Copper Drums Unearthed in Guangxi" (in Archaeology, No. 11, 1964), "The Origin of the Zhuang in Guangxi and Their Life in Primitive Society from Archaeological Data" (in Guangxi Daily, April 19, 1967); Sima Hua and Li Ganfen co-authored "Differing Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the History of the Boys and the Yao" (in Guangxi Daily, August 8, 1962); and Zhou Zongxian and Li Ganfen co-authored "Discussion of Several Historical Problems concerning the Boys and the Yao" (in History, August 8, 1962); and Zhou Zongxian and Li Ganfen co-authored "Discussions of Several Historical Issues Concerning the Boys and Yao" (in History). Zhou Zongxian and Li Ganfen co-authored Discussion on Several Historical Issues of the Boy and Yao Tribes (in Historical Research, No. 5, 1962), etc., which y explored and analyzed some of the problems existing in the traditional research topics of Zhuang studies. In particular, Huang Xianfan, the patriarch of the "Huang School", and his famous sages Huang Zengqing, Su Guanchang, Xiao Zechang, Ouyang Ruoxiu, Zhou Zuoqiu, Huang Shaoqing, Li Ganfen, and Zhou Zongxian (the latter two are senior researchers of the Guangxi Institute for Ethnic Studies, and Li Ganfen is a member of the "Guangxi Minority Social and Historical Survey Group"). The latter two are senior researchers of the Guangxi Institute of Ethnic Studies, and Li Ganfen is a member of the "Guangxi Ethnic Minority Social and Historical Survey Group") and other professors or researchers in this period of time, such as the "Archaeology of the Boys", "Songs of the Boys", and "Mrs. Washi", "Zhuang Children in the Taiping Revolution", "Huashan Mural", "Copper Drum", "Liu Sanjie", The research on Zhuang studies such as "Tusi System" and "History of Zhuang Literature" has not only made pioneering contributions, but also expanded the subjects of Zhuang studies, and played an important role in promoting the development of Zhuang studies and the prosperity of the "Eight Gui School". It also expanded the topics of Zhuang Studies and played an important role in promoting the development of Zhuang Studies and the prosperity of the "Bagui School". In addition, the main generals of the "Literature and Art School", including Wei Qilin, Lan Hong'en, Huang Yongsha, and Sha Hong, also released some research results of Zhuang studies during the development period.

After the reform and opening up of China in 1979, Huang Xianfan and his "Eighteen Sages of Huangmen" have produced even more achievements in Zhuang Studies. Specific results can be found in the research papers of Prof. Qin Naichang and Prof. Chen Jisheng. During this period, Wei Qingjing and Qin Guosheng co-authored "A Brief History of the Zhuang Language" (1980); "Biographies of Zhuang Historical Figures" (1982); Hu Zhongshi edited "Introduction to Zhuang Literature" (1982); Huang Xianfan's posthumous work, "Nong Zhigao" (1983); Guangxi Minority Languages and Literature Working Committee edited "Han-Zhuang Vocabulary" and "Zhuang-Chinese Vocabulary" (1984); Wei Yijiang edited "Collection of Essays on Zhuang Literature" (1984); and Wei Yijiang edited "Collected Papers on Zhuang Literature" (1984). (1984), Wei Qingjian's Research on Zhuang Grammar (1985), Ouyang Ruoxiu, Zhou Zuoqiu, Huang Shaoqing, and Zeng Qingquan's History of Zhuang Literature (3 vols., 1986), Huang Xianfan, Huang Zengqing, and Zhang Yimin's General History of the Zhuang People (1988), Selected Geographical Names of the Zhuang Language in Guangxi (1988), Liguoxiao's Discourse on Wei Bakun (1989), Liguoxiao, Yan Yongtong, and Li Guoshu's Discussion of Wei Bakun (1989), and Liguoqi, Yan Yongtong, and Li Guoshu's Discourse on Wei Bakun. Axis, Yan Yongtong co-authored "Biography of Wei Baqun" (1989); Guangxi National Ancient Book Rationalization Leading Group Office prepared "Dictionary of Ancient Zhuang Characters" (1989), and other Zhuang theories were famous for a long time. In particular, Huang Xianfan's posthumous work "General History of the Zhuang" was commented by an expert as follows: "This book, supported by rich and solid historical materials, thoroughly discusses the origin of the Zhuang, and comprehensively introduces the development of the Zhuang in various historical periods in the political, economic, and cultural aspects. It is the first general history of the Zhuang in China at present, and this book enriches the research results on the history of minority nationalities in China, and also provides newer and more complete information for the study of the history of the Zhuang, which is an indispensable reference book." "The General History of the Zhuang Ethnic Group is pushed as the most pioneering, scientific and academic-theoretical value of the classic masterpiece by China's historiography." "In addition, the magnum opus of more than a million words, General History of the Zhuang, published by the Nationalities Publishing House in 1988, provides a referable basis for the study of Zhuang medicine in general and the history of Zhuang medicine in particular." As Mark Bendel, a professor at Ohio State University, commented, "From the many important investigative activities on the social history of ethnic minorities that Professor Huang Lao has personally organized, participated in and led, as well as the academic and political position he occupies, he has undoubtedly played a key role in the identification of ethnic groups after the founding of the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.), in the founding of the Guangxi Guangxi Autonomous Region (GAR) in Guangxi Province (GXP) and in the founding of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), among other major events. He undoubtedly made important contributions to such major events as the identification of ethnic groups after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the establishment of the Guangxi Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the establishment of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. At the same time, he organically combined the first-hand historical materials obtained from a large number of field investigations with historical documents, and utilized his own historical insights and talents, his profound knowledge of archaeology and ancient writing, to remove the falsehoods and preserve the truth, and objectively wrote the first history of his own ethnic group, thus putting an end to the absence of a complete history of the Zhuang ethnic group, which has a long history of thousands of years, and which is said to be of epoch-making milestone significance. Later, Prof. Huang wrote and published Nong Zhigao and General History of the Zhuang People, which are also rich in historical materials and of high academic value, all of which are the pioneering works in the international ethnology field, thus opening up a generation of Zhuang studies." From this, the international academic community honored Verhoeven as the "Father of Zhuang Studies". This is by no means a compliment, but has its own reasons. The facts show that during the formation and development of Zhuang Studies, Huang Xianfan, the leader of the Bagui School, and his "Eighteen Sages of Huangmen" (Huang Xianfan's students, private students and assistants, including Huang Zengying, Zhang Yimin, Su Guanchang, Zhou Zongxian, Li Ganfen, Liguo Shaft, Qin Shuguan, Xiao Zechang, Huang Weicheng, Ouyang Ruoxiu, Zhou Zuqiu, Huang Shaoqing, Zhou Zuoming, He Yingde, He Longqun, Zhou Zuoming, Huang Shaoqing, Zhou Zuoming, Zhou Zuoming, Zhou Zuoming, Zhou Zuoming, Zhou Zhenming, He Yingde, He Longqun, Yu Shiji, Gong Yonghui, Qin Deqing and other 18 people) have played an important role, which has been recognized by the world. This accelerated the development of Zhuang Studies, which entered a period of prosperity. The formation or emergence of any discipline must go through a period of accumulation of knowledge, only when its accumulation of knowledge to a certain extent, people began to recognize its existence as well as the review of this knowledge system, summarize and summarize the knowledge system will appear on the naming of this knowledge system, to give an appropriate title. It is precisely after the accumulation of knowledge of a large number of research results in the formation and development period, and the establishment of a knowledge system of an initial scale, that the concept of "Zhuangxue" was put forward by reviewing, generalizing and summarizing the knowledge system of the previous Zhuangxue research in the prosperity period, which is the objective law of the development of things. The formation of the concept of Zhuangxue could not come from the imagination without any objective facts and the accumulation of Zhuangxue knowledge, which is obviously not in line with the objective law of the formation and development of new things. It is obvious that without the accumulation of a large amount of knowledge during the formation and development of Zhuang studies, the cognitive thinking conceptual basis of the concept of Zhuang studies is just like water without a source or wood without a root. Therefore, the formation or generation of the concept of Zhuang studies is similar to the formation or generation of the concept of Mongolian studies and Tibetan studies, that is, the concept of these disciplines has gone through the accumulation of knowledge during the period of formation or development of these disciplines, that is to say, the concept of these disciplines will be generated on the basis of the establishment of a certain knowledge system.

The prosperity period of Zhuang science was marked by the establishment of "Guangxi Zhuang Science Society" on January 21, 1991, and the concept of Zhuang science was created at this time. the first international symposium of Zhuang science held in Wuming county of Guangxi on April 15, 1999 was a symbol of the prosperity of Zhuang science as well as a symbol of the development of Zhuang science towards the world. The First International Symposium of Zhuang Studies held in Wuming County, Guangxi on April 15, 1999 is a symbol of the prosperity of Zhuang Studies and the movement of Zhuang Studies to the world. Zhuang studies from the formation period through the development period to the prosperity of the period, academic research results sweat cattle, according to statistics, from the 1950s to the end of the century, the domestic public publication of the Zhuang studies of more than 100 writings * * *, published more than 800 theses on Zhuang studies, especially the prosperity of the period of fruitful, the specific results can be referred to Prof. Qin Naichang and Prof. Chen Jisheng's research papers, will not repeat the list here. During this period, members of the five major branches of the Bagui School, namely, the Huang School, the Qin School, the Zhuang Medicine School, the Literature School, and the Yuan School, played an important role in promoting the prosperity of Zhuang Studies. In addition, scholars from inside and outside the region, such as researcher Mo Junqing (Zhuang); researcher Wei Qingjing from the Institute of Ethnic Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (a student of Huang Xianfan); researcher Wang Zhaowu from the Institute of Public Opinion Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (a former assistant of Huang Xianfan); Lei Guangzheng from the Institute of Ethnic Studies of Guizhou Province; researcher Wei Wenxuan from the Research Office of the State Publishing Administration (Zhuang); Prof. Huang Yinqing from the Central and South College of Ethnic Studies (Zhuang); Zhu Junming from the Guizhou Academy of Social Sciences