What was the political system for emperors and ministers to make political decisions during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties?

The system of three provinces and six ministries coexists with the system of three publics and nine ministers. The internal and external dynasties are in charge of administrative affairs and military affairs respectively.

Due to the weakening of the strength of aristocratic families and the increasing use of humble families, as well as the shrinking of imperial clan dictatorship power, the internal power of the dynasty represented by ministerial orders rose. In the early Southern and Northern Dynasties, military power continued to the tradition of the Jin Dynasty and fell into the hands of Chinese and foreign military commanders. In the middle and late period, the actual jurisdiction of the warlord regime and the northern invasion of the southern regime were very small.

Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is a transitional period between the two heydays of China feudal society.

The system of selecting officials and employing people, from procuratorial system to imperial examination system;

The central organization changed from "three public officials and nine ministers" system to "three provinces and six ministries" system;

The military system that emerged in the Northern Dynasties developed into the foundation of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Cao Wei's taxation system and rent adjustment system are the sources of rent adjustment system in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The land system developed from "stationing farmland" in Cao Wei and "occupying farmland" in Western Jin Dynasty to "land equalization system" in Northern Wei Dynasty, which was directly inherited by Sui and Tang Dynasties. These important systems in development not only supported the operation of state machinery in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, but also provided institutional guarantee for the emergence of the prosperous times in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The establishment of Jiupin Zheng Zhi system: Cao Pi was founded in Wei Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the peasant uprising attacked the rule of the landlord class, and the warlord scuffle also disrupted the original ruling order. "When Wei Wendi was the king of Wei, the three parties split, and the scholars moved, and the four people (scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen) were mixed and detailed (nuclear)" (Selected Works of Generals) At the same time, some famous people gradually became the pillars supporting Cao Zhi's regime, and Cao Pi needed their support and support to seize power and establish Wei State. In this way, he founded the "Nine-level Clock Administration System". This system stipulates that each state and county has a "Zhong Zheng" who is responsible for visiting and evaluating the Jinshi in the state and county; When evaluating a character, Chiang Kai-shek should "calculate the capital and determine the quality", that is, consider the level of the family office and determine the "quality"; It depends on people's talent and morality, and making comments is called "form"; Zhongzheng reported the quality of the examinee to the official department as the basis for the government to select officials. The implementation of Jiupin Zhengzhi system reflects the rapid development of aristocratic forces since the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was attacked by Cao Cao.

1, refused to submit to his noble family, but he also recruited a number of well-known families to rely on. The implementation of Jiupin Zhong Zheng system provided legal protection for aristocratic families to manipulate political power for a long time. Especially since the last years of Cao Wei, Zhong Zheng was generally controlled by bureaucrats with aristocratic families as their surnames, and this system became a tool to safeguard their interests. At first, more attention was paid to evaluating the "shape" of this talent's virtue. Later,

2. Significance and content: Jiupin Zhong Zheng system is an official selection system that has an important impact on the political life and social life of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Nine grades: nine grades to divide talents. Zhongzheng: Officials who evaluate quality are generally regarded as prestigious officials in the Central Committee. The central government awards corresponding official positions according to the grades assessed by Zhongzheng.

3. Evolution of evaluation criteria: At the beginning, family background and talent were equally important; When I arrived in the Western Jin Dynasty, I attached importance to my family background and despised my talents.

4. Evaluate the products of aristocratic families that have developed to a certain extent since the Eastern Han Dynasty, which further promoted the formation of aristocratic families in the Han and Wei Dynasties and their subsequent consolidation and development. As a private ownership society, feudal society belongs to identity society in law. In this case, the establishment of social order requires a strict hierarchy, and so do officials. In order to ensure centralization and smooth government orders, officials at all levels have established unequal relations. However, just as centralization and decentralization are two poles in the power structure, the formation of the gentry class is ostensibly caused by this system, but it also proves the redistribution of social power in theory. Looking from the long history, the Nine Grades System was progressive at that time, which expanded the ruling foundation and was conducive to the democracy of decision-making and the continuity of policy implementation.