Development trend of trade in services

I. Development Trends of World Trade in Services

1. Transnational Transfer of Services Promotes Rapid Development of Trade in Services

The transnational transfer of services is a new and significant feature of the current economic globalization. The main reasons for the transnational transfer of services are: First, the internationalization of production has led to the internationalization of services. Transnational corporations organize their production activities globally, and they also need to obtain globalized trade, finance, communication, transportation and other services, and the productive service industries of some developed countries have also seen a wave of transfer to developing countries. Secondly, the application of high and new technology led by IT in the world's service industry has made a major breakthrough, thus laying the foundation for the comprehensive deepening of the international division of labor in the service industry.

2. The structural adjustment of the world trade in services has been accelerated, and the emerging trade in services has been growing rapidly

Since the 1980s, the structure of the world trade in services has undergone great changes, and the structure of the trade in services has been increasingly transformed into a knowledge- and technology-intensive direction. The continuous development of the global information technology revolution has enhanced the tradability of service activities and their processes, and emerging service industries such as communications, computer and information services, accounting and consulting have continued to expand. World trade in services will gradually shift from traditional trade in services based on natural resources or labor-intensive to modern trade in services based on knowledge- and technology-intensive.

3, service outsourcing has become an important force to promote global economic growth

Since the 1990s, offshore outsourcing of services has been developing rapidly, the service contracting market is still the traditional U.S., Europe and Japan, but the contracting market, in addition to Australia, Canada, Ireland and India are regarded as the most mature development of the offshore ITO and BPO contracting market, China, the Philippines, Mexico and Eastern Europe. In addition to Australia, Canada, Ireland and India, which are regarded as the most mature offshore ITO and BPO outsourcing markets, China, the Philippines, Mexico and Central and Eastern Europe are gradually becoming strong competitors. The offshore migration of service outsourcing and its accompanying globalization of trade in services has become one of the important forces driving global economic growth, and will have a far-reaching impact on the global economic map.

The relationship

The development of trade in services, merchandise trade and economic development has become a positive and interactive relationship. The development of trade in services and the development of merchandise trade complement each other, positive interaction.

Three, saving the cost of commodity trade

On the one hand, the development of trade in services saves the cost of commodity trade, improves the efficiency of commodity trade, and promotes the development of commodity trade. On the other hand, the development of merchandise trade has prompted the development of trade in services in terms of finance, professional services and other aspects, providing material support for the development of trade in services.

Trade in services includes transportation and tourism, communications, construction contracting, audiovisual, education and health, finance, advertising and design, etc. The contribution of the service industry to the development of merchandise trade cannot be accurately described by figures, and the development of transportation has facilitated the geographic expansion of merchandise trade and saved the transaction time of merchandise trade, and the contracting of construction has provided the plant required for the production of merchandise and facilitated the production of goods. The production of commodities, education provides qualified practitioners for commodity trade, finance provides financial support for commodity trade and facilitates commodity trade, especially the use of credit, which greatly reduces transaction costs and prevents transaction risks. The design and use of advertising promotes the consumption of commodities and enhances the contact between manufacturers and dealers at all levels. Thus, trade in services makes a great contribution to the development of merchandise trade. If there are problems in the trade in services, it is very likely to hurt the trade in goods, such as this financial tsunami, a global financial turmoil caused by the subprime crisis, the end result is to hurt the development of the real economy.

Four, the foundation

The development of trade in goods is the material basis for the development of trade in services, the development of trade in services needs to be built on the basis of trade in goods, if the development of trade in goods is stagnant, then trade in services is like wood without water, is bound to wither. For example, to software, for example, the first need for IBM and other computer manufacturers to manufacture computers to provide computer sellers, in the process IBM need to face the consumer advertising, and then consumers to buy back after the computer will be used for software development, to the software demand for software packages, if the consumer to use the installment payment method this involves the trade in services in the financial, if the consumer needs to learn to software programming technology through training courses or universities, the consumer will have to pay for the software. If consumers need to learn through training courses or universities to software programming technology is involved in the trade in services in education, but IBM executives because of good performance and get rewarded on foreign vacations on the international trade in services generated by the tourism trade. Therefore, it can be said that the development of trade in goods is the development of trade in services of the food and clothing.

Fifth, the development of merchandise trade is the main force of economic development

Merchandise trade in the development of the economy contributes to the main force, merchandise trade accounted for the highest proportion of a country's trade, the second is in the world trade in goods trade is also the main position as shown in the table below, trade in goods generally accounted for a country of the total foreign trade of 80%, and the development of economic development to further promote the development of the merchandise trade.

Sixth, trade in services and economic development between the benign interaction

Today, from the domestic point of view, the services sector in the economic development of a country's role in the GDP accounted for a certain proportion of the proportion of the GDP, especially in some developed countries, embodied in a more pronounced, the U.S. trade in services in 2000 exports of up to 253.4 billion U.S. dollars, the trade surplus in services amounted to 7.3 billion U.S. dollars, services output value of the services sector, the United States is the first time in the world that a trade in services is a major factor. In 2000, the U.S. service trade exports amounted to 253.4 billion U.S. dollars, with a surplus of service trade amounting to 7.3 billion U.S. dollars, and the output value of the service industry accounted for more than 70% of the GDP, and the number of jobs provided accounted for 80% of the total employment. China's service trade totaled 30.43 billion U.S. dollars, service trade deficit of 5.6 billion U.S. dollars, the proportion of service industry output to GDP is 32.3%. Another from the speed of economic growth, a country's service industry increase is often higher than the increase in merchandise trade, from this point of view, the development of the service industry has greatly contributed to the development of the economy, in 2006, the national broadcasting and television industry's total income of 109.9 billion yuan, for the first time exceeded 100 billion yuan, 16.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year, an increase of 18% to exceed the increase in economic growth, and to the construction industry, for example. In 2006, the investment in fixed assets of the whole society amounted to 1,098.7 billion yuan, an increase of 24% over the previous year. Among them, urban investment amounted to 934.72 billion yuan, an increase of 24.5%; rural investment amounted to 163.97 billion yuan, an increase of 21.3%. A large amount of investment was transformed through the construction industry, promoting the stable development of the national economy and society, raising people's living standards and living standards, effectively increasing farmers' incomes, and promoting the integrated development of both urban and rural areas.In 2006, enterprises in the construction industry nationwide completed the gross output value of the construction industry at 4155.7 billion yuan, an increase of 700.5 billion yuan over the previous year, or a growth rate of 20.3%; and the value-added of the construction industry was 811.64 billion yuan, a growth rate of 17.6% over the previous year. the previous year, an increase of 17.6%.

Another example is the development of tourism, the development of import and export tourism, can increase foreign exchange earnings; the development of domestic tourism can be back to the currency, stabilize the market; expand employment; and promote the development of the national economy.

From the point of view of international trade, trade in services has also become an important form of international economic exchanges, accounting for an increasing proportion of the total foreign trade, the service industry has made great progress, that is, the development of trade in services and merchandise trade development, economic development, the three for the benign interactive relationship. Taking China's foreign trade in services in 2006 as an example, the scale of import and export of China's cross-border trade in services (according to the balance of payments statistics, excluding government services, the same below) continued to expand in 2006, hitting a new record high. The total import and export of trade in services amounted to US$191.75 billion, an increase of 22.1 per cent over 2005. China's exports and imports of services continued to be ranked at the same level as in 2005, eighth and seventh respectively. The share of China's service trade exports in total global service trade exports rose to 3.4%, 0.4 percentage points higher than in 2005. The share of exports of trade in services in total exports of trade in services and trade in goods was 8.6%, down 0.3 percentage points from 2005. The exports of individual industries showed promising momentum, for example, China's communication exports, in 2006, China's communication exports amounted to US$738 million and imports to US$764 million, with a deficit of US$26 million. Compared with 2005, exports increased by 52.16%, imports increased by 26.7%, and the deficit decreased by 0.92 billion U.S. dollars. The proportion of communication services in all services trade rose from 0.69% in 2005 to 0.78%, an improvement in status. The total trade in communication services increased by 36.79% over the previous year, while the total trade in all services increased by 21.89% over the previous year, and the growth rate of the export of communication services was higher than the growth rate of the export of all services by 14.9 percentage points. As shown in the table below, the proportion of total trade in services in a country's import and export volume is quite high.

In 2001, China's import and export of services amounted to only 71.9 billion U.S. dollars, exceeded 100 billion U.S. dollars for the first time in 2003, exceeded 300 billion U.S. dollars in 2008, and reached 539.64 billion U.S. dollars in 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 18.3% since its accession to the WTO. The global share of China's service trade also grew from 2.2% at the beginning of WTO accession to 6% in 2013, and its global ranking jumped from 13th to third.

Economic development promotes the development of trade in services. Economic development increases people's income, and the amount of money available for consumption increases, so people are more inclined to choose financial products, more inclined to use their leisure time to travel and relax, and more willing to take the initiative to accept a higher level of education or a variety of artistic or literary training. Therefore, the development of the economy promotes the development of trade in services.

In summary, the three for the benign interaction, in the benign interaction of the promotion of trade in services, trade in goods, economic trade to form a continuous development of the system, like a snowball, in the road ahead, the bigger and bigger.