What is the history and tradition of civil engineering?

INTRODUCTION

Civil engineering is a general term for housing, highways, railroads, bridges, waterworks, ports, underground, and other works.

The impact of civil engineering on the country's economic construction and people's life is very obvious and important.

Civil engineering is closely related to the human survival and reproduction of the four basic elements: clothing, food, housing, transportation, to provide human beings with homes, hotels, apartments, clothing production and storage bases, food cold storage, highways, airports, railroads, ports, wharves, factories, laboratories, and other modern human life and the development of the necessary places and spaces.

1 History of civil engineering

1.1 The history of civil engineering in China

As far back as the ancient times, China's ancient mankind in the wild place of the cave, in order to avoid wild beasts invasion, there is a nest of the clan (China's legendary inventor of the nesting), before the ancient people were taught to leave the natural rock caves, the construction of wood for the nest, living in the trees.

China's ancient civil engineering mostly used earth, stone, wood and other materials to build, construction technology and artistic modeling to reach the then very high achievements.

Like the Great Wall, Zhaozhou Bridge, Dujiangyan, etc. are representative of ancient Chinese civil engineering masterpieces.

1.2 History of Civil Engineering in the World

In Europe, sun-dried bricks were used about 8000 years ago; chiseled natural stones were used about 5000-6000 years ago; and burnt bricks were used in construction for 3000 years.

The world's great ancient architecture, recognized as the seven wonders of the most striking, they were built in 600 BC ~ 200 BC, and are all built of stone, most of which were used for religious, military and maritime.

And are built in the then very economically and technologically developed areas, indicating that the development of civil engineering and economic prosperity and technological progress is inseparable.

2 The current situation of civil engineering

2.1 The current situation in the world

With the beginning of the use of steel and concrete in civil engineering in the mid-19th century, as well as the success of the manufacture of pre-stressed concrete in the late 1920s, it has become possible to build skyscrapers, large-span buildings and bridges across the strait of more than 1,000 m.

Currently, the construction of civil engineering has become a major challenge to the development of the civil engineering industry.

Currently, the tallest building in the world is the 101 Tower in Taipei, China, with a total height of 508m.

The recent boom in sports has also led to the emergence of large-span houses springing up all over the world.

2.2 China's current situation

Looking back to the 20th century, especially the reform and opening up in the past 20 years, China's construction has made brilliant achievements that have attracted the world's attention.

Many high-rise buildings have been constructed in China's mainland after the reform and opening up, and the tallest building in China is the world's No. 4 Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai.

Other representative high-rise buildings include the Di Wang Building in Shenzhen.

In terms of special structures, there are four TV towers in China ranked in the world's top ten, of which the Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower, completed in 1995, ranked third in the world with a height of 468m.

In order to meet the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing will build a large number of large-span ultra-long buildings, such as the National Stadium "Bird's Nest" structure, the National Aquatics Center "Water Cube", the National Grand Theater and so on.

Whether in the reform of engineering structure, the use of building functions, the use of new technologies and new materials and the rational organization of construction, or in the seismic analysis and the application of computer programs and seismic control experimental research, our country has reached the international advanced level.

3 future development of civil engineering

3.1 The continued development of guidance theory.

In the foreseeable future, the core part of the theory of civil engineering engineering technology is still mechanics, new analytical methods and new numerical processing methods will be the direction of breakthroughs in mechanics in civil engineering.

In the analysis and approximation of forces on complex structures, fluid media, etc., the existing methods still have great limitations.

More specialized mathematics should also be developed in the future to deal with complex numerical problems in civil engineering technology.

The application of more advanced electronic computers makes the simulation of complex situations more certain and closer to reality.

Mechanics will also break through the macro framework, to the micro development, cybernetics, virtual reality and other technologies also deepen the impact in mechanics.

On the other hand, the civil engineering discipline will continue to spread around, with materials, environment, chemistry, electronic information, machinery.

Urban planning, architecture and other related disciplines further cross, integration, mutual support, mutual service.

Civil engineering within the sub-disciplines will also be the same time in the reality of the need to promote the emergence of new disciplines.

3.2 Changes in engineering realization.

The ultimate goal of civil engineering is to build a structure that meets the design requirements, and it takes a long time to realize the process from design to result.

This is an important part of civil engineering.

It can even be said to be the most important aspect of civil engineering, with good theory and design, without good engineering practice, as will not produce a good work.

The information age is approaching, and new ideas and technologies from other disciplines and other areas will inevitably affect civil engineering.

And it will breathe new life into this traditional discipline.

Including control theory, construction technology, new materials, environmental engineering, economic theory and so on.

Informatization of the entire process.

The characteristics of informationization will be deeper penetration into the future of civil engineering, the focus is not limited to CAD, but also includes the management of the project progress, the operation of the data collection, analysis, organization; the structure of the building, strength, reliability of the analysis and decision-making of the corresponding countermeasures, etc.

These also include control theory, construction technology, environmental materials, economic theory and so on.

These are also the basis for active control and intelligent realization.

Sustainability and humanization.

These two requirements are compatible with the development of social and economic development, the development of society requires a more adequate and rational use of resources, and the improvement of the standard of living of society also improves the humanization of civil engineering and construction facilities requirements.

The whole civil engineering process is built on the continuous consumption of resources and energy, in the sustainable development of the whole society as the theme of the time, civil engineering is also inevitable to face this problem.

Conservation of resources and energy, including in the construction and use of the process, civil engineering has become a direction of the future to pursue

This requires good design and effective operation and management mechanism, civil engineering structures in its entire life cycle, from planning, design, construction to the completion of the use of maintenance, demolition to minimize the environmental impact, while maximizing its social and environmental impact, and to minimize its social and environmental impact.

This puts new demands on civil engineering.

3.3 Active control technology.

So far, the vast majority of civil engineering buildings are treated as a static, passive object.

The influence of the surrounding environment, such as wind movement, temperature changes, emergencies, etc. can only rely on its own structure to passively resist.

Apparent lack of flexibility and adaptability.

One of the future directions of development of civil engineering facilities is the application of active control technology in building structures.

The use of computer technology and fuzzy control technology, as well as some pre-programmed control structure.

Enabling the building to respond appropriately to various environmental factors.