What are the customs of Manchu during the Spring Festival?

On the 30th anniversary of Manchu people, couplets, window grilles, hanging notes (in the past, red, yellow, blue and white were pasted by flags), blessings, door-sticking gods (which absorbed the customs of the Han nationality), and purses (in the past, the palace wanted to give princes and ministers "peace through the years" and the people also gave each other gifts). Lantern poles are erected in every yard, and high red lights are on in the dark and never go out all night.

Jiaozi, who is wrapped in a New Year's Eve dinner, pays attention to wrinkles, and can't pinch off jiaozi, the monk's head on the side, so as not to live a bald life. Jiaozi should take a walk for fear that the new day will come to a dead end. When cooking jiaozi at home, the family mainly shouted, "Are you married?" Others replied at the same time: "Get up!" They compared jiaozi's rising from the bottom of the pot to a rising day. Then let the children climb on the cupboard and jump three times to show that they "jump high" on the new day.

On this day, the younger generation will kowtow to their elders to pay New Year greetings (in the old days, women bowed down and caressed their temples), and parents will give their children lucky money to keep them alive. Close relatives of clans should also pay New Year greetings to each other, and relatives and friends are invited to attend banquets to catch up with the old and talk about the new. On New Year's Eve, we should offer sacrifices to ancestors and gods. God put a crossbar at the gate to prevent ghosts from coming in.

It is a custom to eat jiaozi at midnight on New Year's Eve, and copper coins are put in jiaozi. People who eat will be "lucky at the end of the year." Boys set off fireworks in groups of three or five, play with wooden sleds, or skate happily; Girls and young women wear costumes and play with galaha (toys made of kneecaps of pigs or cows).

In the early morning of the first day, every household set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. At the same time, set up offerings, light Tatar incense, worship ancestors, and pray for the gods to bless the whole family and all the best in the new year. On the first day of New Year's Day, all families get up early, put on new clothes and congratulate each other on the New Year. This is called "Happy New Year".

From the first day to the fifth day, people get together, sing, dance, walk on stilts and have a good time. In some places, young people spontaneously organize performance teams to perform in villages and celebrate the New Year, which makes the festive atmosphere even stronger.

Spring Festival is a * * * festival of Manchu and Han nationality, and Manchu people also call it "Chinese New Year". There are about 30 thousand Manchu people living in Lanzhou, and they have their own unique Spring Festival customs. "Laba porridge" and "collar sacrifice": Manchu people also celebrate eight festivals (the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month). According to legend, in the early years, there was a Manchu patriarch who bullied others and went door to door to eat and drink all the year round, but the Manchu people dared to speak out. On the eighth day of last month, a farmer named Wu Zila came up with a good idea. He cooked a bowl of porridge with glutinous rice, brown sugar and dozens of dried fruits, and invited the patriarch to eat. The patriarch was angry when he saw it: "What is this? Sticky! " Uzinla told the patriarch that this is called "Laba porridge". After hearing the name of porridge, the patriarch left angrily and never went door to door to eat or drink again. To commemorate Uzinla, Manchu descendants cook Laba porridge every year on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. In the past, Manchu people not only made laba porridge, but also sent it to each other to strengthen the unity between relatives and neighbors. After the fifteenth day of the twelfth lunar month, Manchu people will choose a day to kill Nianzhu and sacrifice to their ancestors, benefactors and ancestors. Pigs should not have white hair. After the pig is tied, it should be carried to the ancestor's altar. Pour the wine into the pig's ear before slaughter. If the ear moves as the "leading animal", if it doesn't move, you need to pray until it moves. After killing the pig, cut it into eight pieces, put it in front of the ancestral tablet, burn incense and kowtow to the whole family. After the ceremony, you can eat meat. When eating the first piece of meat, the whole family should sit around the pot instead of the table. Sacrifice ancestors first, eat New Year's Eve: On the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month, every Manchu family wants stick grilles, hanging notes, couplets and the word "Fu". In the past, Manchu people were very particular about stickers, and they posted all kinds of notes at home. Ancestors originally came from several ditches in Changbai Mountain, so they posted some notes on their ancestral boards. On the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month, every household will erect a "single pole" (also known as magic pole) five or six meters high. A square tin liter is hung on the top of the pole, which contains the five internal organs of pigs for crows and magpies to eat. According to legend, this staff was used by the Qing emperor Nurhachi to dig ginseng. It is also said that Li was killed by Nurhachi in the Ming Dynasty and Nurhachi was rescued. On the way, the horse slipped and fell off the cliff, and a group of crows and magpies fell on him to protect him. The pursuer thought he had fallen to death and turned around and left. Nurhachi escaped from danger and fled into the mountains. Use the income from digging ginseng to buy weapons and food and unify the northeast. Later generations erected a "single pole" during the Spring Festival to commemorate the salvation of crows and magpies. On New Year's Eve, Manchu people will worship their ancestors. First of all, you should provide 13 cups of homemade rice wine and 13 plates of homemade cream snacks in front of the ancestral hall in your main hall, and put new labels (in Manchu) on the board. In front of the "Solo Staff" in the southeast corner of the hospital, the same offerings as those in the room are also provided. Then, the elders of the family led the whole family to worship. After that, sacrifices were offered to ancestors, including rice, vegetables, wine, dried and fresh fruits, snacks and so on. After the ancestor worship, the whole family will go to the parents' home of the highest generation to pay New Year greetings. After the ceremony, the whole family, old and young, sat down for dinner. Generally speaking, Manchu people eat jiaozi on New Year's Eve. Jiaozi should be placed in rows, which means wealth in the coming year. When cooking jiaozi, you should burn apricot strips at the bottom of the pot, because "apricot" and "xing" are homophonic. When jiaozi got up from the boiling pot, the person who cooked jiaozi shouted, "Married, married!" The whole family will shout, "Get up! Get up! " After eating jiaozi, some people even let their children jump a few times in the house, which shows that their little life has jumped very high. Some people also wrap copper coins or other things in jiaozi to test their luck for a year, so as to increase the festive atmosphere. Lantern Festival and "Aunt Li Fen": During the Chinese New Year, from New Year's Eve to the fifteenth day of the first month, Manchu people will light lanterns on poles and under the eaves, and then stay up all night to show that the red light shines brightly. If the light goes out, it means bad luck. Some people even put on the lights on the second day of February. Manchu Lantern Festival is also the Lantern Festival. On this day, every household will hang various colored lights and hold the Lantern Festival. In rural areas, some people want to "check the moon" that night: 12 small light bowls made of buckwheat flour, marked with the month, put a soybean in each bowl, and then steam it in a pot. The bean swelling in the bowl means that the month is waterlogged, the adzuki bean means drought, and the moderate one means good weather. Lantern Festival is also a festival for young Manchu women. On this day, "Gege" (a girl) dresses up as "Aunt Li Fen". They put pink lotus paper on the filter screen and painted it into a beautiful picture. Then they tied the chopsticks and the filter into a cross, with the vertical (filter handle) as the body and the horizontal (chopsticks) as the hands. Then, they wrapped Aunt Filter in beautiful colored paper and put chopsticks on it. Afterwards, onlookers can also ask "Aunt Li Fen". Anything will do. Kenman people are forbidden to eat dog meat and do not wear dog skin hats. When you are a guest in Manchu family, you can't just sit in Xikang. Mongolians hate black and think it is an ominous color. In diet, Mongolians avoid shrimp, crab, fish and seafood. Mongolians taboo others (including guests) to dismount and ride sheep at the entrance of the yurt and enter the yurt with a whip. Guests are not allowed to enter the bag privately, sit casually in the yurt, squat down or extend their legs to the northwest or the stove. Don't cross the host's coat, bedding, pillow, spit in the private room, and don't step on the threshold when you leave the private room. Mongolians also taboo others to point at their heads with tobacco bags, knives and scissors, chopsticks, etc. Aunt Li Fen nodded regularly and shook her head when she denied it.