Neo-Confucianism has lost its traditional mainstream position.

Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism was born in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty. Although the early Ming Dynasty experienced more than 500 years of development, it fell behind the times and solidified in rigid books. Once active thoughts become conservative and rigid. How can Confucianism reproduce its powerful vitality and youthful atmosphere?

Yangming's theory of mind completed another self-renewal of Confucianism. Unlike most imperial scholars loyal to Zhu's family, Wang Yangming traveled to the northern frontier when he was young, and he was full of ambition to govern the country. Rich experience and constant thinking have given Wang Yangming a brand-new understanding between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

Stills of the large-scale humanistic documentary "Wang Yangming"

The essence of Yangming's theory of mind is based on "mind is reason", which advocates that the relationship between man and society is "unity of knowledge and action" and the relationship between man and nature is "ecological wisdom". Finally, the construction of Yangming's philosophy is completed through "to conscience". It can be said that Yangming's theory of mind is a broad and profound ideological system, and it is also a valuable spiritual heritage of Northeast Asian civilization circle.

Wang Yangming's life is wild and legendary. The complete construction of Yangming's theory of mind marks that Confucianism has been reconstructed and re-developed through self-criticism and self-reflection, making the cornerstone of Confucian identity broader.

Undoubtedly, Wang Yangming is a Confucian saint who has a far-reaching influence on later generations.

Wang Yangming, master of psychology

The exploration and contribution of the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties in the national governance system can be continued. The important factor is that in the social development of more than 2,000 years, China's traditional thoughts can take Confucianism as the mainstream, and at the same time blend, influence and evolve with various thoughts such as law, Buddhism and Taoism. The traditional thought of accepting all rivers into the sea not only affects people's behavior, etiquette and morality, political concepts, but also directly affects the success or failure of many regimes.

In 36 1 year BC, Qin Xiaogong, eager to dominate the world, reused Shang Yang, who was proficient in legalism. Under the guidance of legalism, he implemented reform to strengthen the country, which made Qin rise successfully.

Shang Yang's political reform laid a solid foundation for Qin to sweep Liuhe.

/kloc-After Shang Yang's political reform in 0/38, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established a powerful Qin Dynasty. However, after the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, heavy punishment and heavy law did not keep pace with the times, which led to the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty. The rise and fall of the dynasty in a short period of 15 years has shown the world the truth that "the long-term stability of the country cannot rely solely on strict legal system".

In his later years, the brilliant Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had many drawbacks in his policy of rejoicing the whole country, and the burden on farmers became heavier and heavier. The once powerful Han dynasty was on the verge of repeating the mistake of Qin's death. In 89 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deeply reflected and reviewed the mistakes he had made over the years, and promulgated the Imperial edict on the internal conflict of the wheel platform, announcing the new national policy of "resting in peace and having a bright future, thinking about wealth and supporting the people".

Liu Che, Emperor of the Han Dynasty.

"Han inherited Qin system", which lasted for 400 years, opened a broad space for later rulers to think about how to govern the country.

The land equalization system promulgated by the Sui and Tang Dynasties, such as the Northern Wei Dynasty, can encourage people to cultivate a lot of land, which was inherited and continued in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The system of three provinces and six ministries established in the Sui Dynasty has been used by later generations because of its strict organization of the central official system. The Sui Dynasty also initiated the imperial examination, which became the most important talent selection method in ancient China.

The famous Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties was written in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

By the time of the Tang Dynasty, under the joint action of a perfect system, a large number of talents and more efficient productive forces, the society was stable, the country was prosperous, the mind was open, and the culture was prosperous, which was recognized as the peak of civilization in the ancient history of China.

However, in the Song Dynasty, after 289 years of the powerful Tang Dynasty, the troubled times with frequent dynasty changes came again. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the great division of political power lasted for nearly a hundred years. Finally, Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robe and Chen Qiao's mutiny basically unified the Song Dynasty.

Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu

In order to realize the long-term reunification of the country and end the fate of the historical cycle, Song Taizu has implemented a series of measures in political, military and financial aspects, such as effectively curbing the power of a samurai at the institutional level, and promoting a large number of ministers in Song Taizu to make them occupy important positions; And * * * ruled the world with scholar-officials, which also made the whole country move towards stability again.

Zhao Kuangyin's imperial demeanor indicates the opening of a brand-new great dynasty, and the traditional court system in China has gradually matured and improved in practice and exploration.

In the Ming Dynasty, from the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty and then to the Ming Dynasty, there was a political chronic disease at the end of each dynasty, which was the exploitation of civilians by officials. The effect of punishing corrupt officials during the founding of the Ming Dynasty was very obvious, but it was a game process of justice and human desire.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang, who came from the bottom of society, took high-handed measures to fight corruption after successfully establishing the Ming Dynasty. In Hongwu 15, 1300 officials were dealt with for being involved in the "empty seal case"; Three years later, the case of stealing and selling official grain was verified, and from about six assistant ministers to local officials, more than 30 thousand people were sentenced to death.

Although Ming Taizu devoted his whole life to the beautiful world in his heart, when the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, faced the last moment, he expressed his pain with a bloody testament: "... I have no face to see the first emperor underground, and my body will be covered with hair, and thieves will dismember me, so that I can kill civilians as much as possible. Don't damage the mausoleum and hurt my people. "

Zhu Youjian, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

The attack week changed the world view of the Chinese nation. Every important battle is not only a test for the commander, but also a test for the winner's determination to create the world and rebuild order.

In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, all the main activities were divination to understand the wishes of the gods. BC 1046, Zhou Wuwang assembled troops and prepared to send troops to attack merchants. Unfortunately, however, when the Allies arrived at Konoha, it was even stormy. The unusually bad weather seemed to express the extreme dissatisfaction of God, but Zhou Wuwang decisively made the decision that "my life is not up to me", and the battle of Makino immediately started. Zhou Jun won a great victory, and the Zhou Dynasty replaced the Shang Dynasty.

A famous battle in history, the battle of Makino, was defeated by the weak.

Since then, the concept of destiny pursued since Xia and Shang Dynasties has gradually been replaced by ethics-oriented rituals, which has enabled China people to have a variety of value choices besides believing in the world outlook of destiny and ghosts.

Therefore, attacking Zhou is a successful application of people-oriented political concept in military operations. blood shed's Battle of Konoha tested and shaped the character of this great nation with extraordinary destructive power.