China's four major geographic regions to form the house building what are the features

One, the northern region of the architectural characteristics

One is the Beijing courtyard as the representative of the official house building, as palaces, altars and temples, courts, mausoleums, Yamen and other official buildings, belonging to the highly programmed wooden frame system architecture, whether in the overall layout of the house community, the organization of the courtyard, the spatial scheduling, or in the shape of the house house, the configuration, the direction of the inter-frame, the dimensions of roofing, decorations to Material color, fine decoration and so on, all after a long period of screening, pottery, forming a set of strict stereotypes program, showing a high degree of maturity of the official style style;

The second is widely spread in the northern part of the land of the Han Chinese house, although the pattern of the house is not the same, the construction system, the use of materials, practices and the appearance of the house presents a variety of vernacular differences, but in the art of the tone of the house are reflected in the south of a light spread with a very different character Dexterity is very different from the character of the southern mansion, showing the rustic and thick northern style.

Two, southern architectural features

A mention of southern architecture, many people immediately associated with the beautiful picture of small bridges and rivers. Some small towns in the south of the river, mostly a small river, both sides of the green and gray houses, a water of horse head wall, green and gray tiles, quiet and quiet. Generally, the residential houses are from the entrance into the door, is a patio, next to a stone sink, that is the place to wash clothes and vegetables, forward is a kitchen, very large, even the dining room are included, to the left, there is a wooden staircase, go upstairs, where there are a few bedrooms. From upstairs you could look down on the downstairs patio, paved with lapis lazuli, which could be full of flowers in the summer, and in the winter was a great place for children to have snowball fights. Of course, this is just a model, and each family will put together a design for their house based on their own characteristics.

Southern region of the residential courtyard is very small, the surrounding houses into one, the southern residential mostly use through the bucket structure, the combination of housing is more flexible. In the south, the wall of the house is shaped like a horse's head, the southern building more pink walls and tiles, the color is elegant.

Southern water resources are more abundant, the water from the door behind the house, the water is also a scene. Rich people like housing connected to the garden, which is the garden, southern gardens do not need a lot of land, but can create a wonderland. Which is nothing more than a porch, leaky windows, but can create a scene, borrowing the realm and other hall of fame.

Three, Northwest China's architectural features

China's arid climate in the Northwest, precipitation is very little, the roof gently, generally just in the rafters on the weaving on the mats, straw or bale of grain stalks, on the mud layer, and then a layer of dry soil, the last with wheat straw mixed with mud and wipe flat on the line. Although Ningxia also uses tiles, there are only tiles on the roof but no tiles. This type of house has poor rainproof function. The roof is flat, like a platform, on which corn and chili peppers can be dried, locally known as "barn house". In the Tarim Basin and Turpan area of Xinjiang, the climate is extremely arid, with many sunny days and few rainy days, and the average annual precipitation is less than 50 millimeters. The sun is blazing during the day and the nights are chilly. The top of the folk houses are mud plastered into a 1-foot-thick platform, which not only reduces the heat penetration into the room, but also can be used to solarize the grain; houses around the thickness of the mud wall, but also in more than 1 meter; house foundations are dug into the ground one or two feet to prevent the heat from being transmitted into the room. In addition, grapes and poplars were planted in large quantities around the house foundation and in the courtyard. One is the shade, but also can be used to block the heat wave into the room to reduce room temperature.　

Four, the Tibetan region building characteristics

Pastoral areas, mainly tents. The plane of the sleeping room is generally square or rectangular, with wooden sticks to support the frame about two meters high, covered with black yak felt, surrounded by cow hair rope, fixed on the ground. The front ridge of the tent is left with a gap of about 15 centimeters wide and 1.5 meters long for light and ventilation. Tent around the interior with grass and mud blocks or adobe into a short wall about 40-50 centimeters high, above the pile of barley, ghee bags and cow dung. In the center of the stove, the stove behind the Buddha. This tent production is simple, flexible, easy to transport, adapted to the nomadic lifestyle of living by water and grass.

Lhasa, Shigatse, Chamdo and other towns and villages around the earth, stone and wood structure of the residence, commonly known as "towers". Lhasa residence, generally for the inner courtyard corridor form, two or three layers, the courtyard has a well, toilet set in a corner of the compound. Around the town, mostly for craftsmen, artisans, farmers, self-built one-yard cottage homes. Rural dwellings in the Shannan region are quite distinctive in that people love outdoor activities and often use the outside corridor to set up open living spaces. Many rural residential buildings, whether it is the design of living rooms, kitchens, storage, courtyards, or the arrangement of cowsheds, pigsties and toilets, have a reasonable functional relationship. Some dwellings, clever use of hillside land, the lower part of the building is treated as a livestock enclosure, the upper part of the courtyard or living space, so that people and animals are separated, do not interfere with each other, and improve the health conditions.

The distinguishing features of these residential buildings are: square apartments, functional furniture and low-rise. Most of the living room to 2 × 2 meters column network as a unit, combined into a 4 × 4 meters square plane. The height of the building is 2.2-2.4 meters. Furniture mainly consists of card cushion beds, small square tables and hidden cabinets, which are characterized by shortness, assembling and multi-purpose. The furniture is arranged along the wall, making full use of the indoor corner area, so that the activity area is concentrated and convenient to use.

Structural system: mostly adobe, stone and wood mixed structure, adobe wall thickness of 40-50 centimeters, burrstone wall thickness of 50-80 centimeters, warm in winter and cool in summer, adapted to the climatic characteristics of the plateau. Roof are used flat roof, Aga soil surface.